Effects of Spark Timing with Other Engine Operating Parameters on the Particulate Emissions of a Dualinjection Gasoline Engine During Warm-up Conditions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Tao ◽  
Chun Xia ◽  
Kerang Mao ◽  
Wenhao Chen ◽  
Junhua Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Spark Timing

A case study on particulate emissions from a gasoline plug-in hybrid electric vehicle during engine warm-up, taking into account start–stop operation

2020 ◽  
Vol 234 (13) ◽  
pp. 2907-2922
Author(s):  
Martin Lenz ◽  
Moritz Cremer ◽  
Daniel Guse ◽  
Henning Röhrich ◽  
Stefan Pischinger
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicle ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Catalytic Converter ◽  
Particulate Filter ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Hybrid Electric

Concerning the discussions about emissions caused by individual mobility, it is foreseeable that future vehicle concepts will increasingly be based on hybrid powertrains. These systems lead to more complex operating scenarios, which have a significant influence on the resulting emissions of the engine. This work shows a case study and the results in the operation and emission behavior of a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle with a direct injection gasoline engine when operated in an internationally recognized driving cycle. The vehicle’s exhaust aftertreatment system consists of a three-way catalytic converter; a particulate filter is not installed. The emissions are analyzed with a focus on particulate number emissions (from soot), especially during the warm-up phase and the frequent start–stop events (in total, there are 12 internal combustion engine operating phases), which are typical for hybrid vehicles. The results show that approximately 50% of the emitted particulates have a smaller size, 23 nm (a very high number of particulates with a mean size of 10 to 15 nm are present), which are currently not regulated, but are expected to have a high risk of adverse health effects.

Spark timing effect on performance of gasoline engine fueled with mixture of hydrogen–gasoline

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (52) ◽  
pp. 30813-30820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail M.M. Elsemary ◽  
Ahmed A.A. Attia ◽  
Kairy H. Elnagar ◽  
Mahmoud S. Elsaleh
Keyword(s):  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Timing Effect ◽  
Spark Timing

scholarly journals Predicting Cycle-to-Cycle Variation With Concurrent Cycles in a Gasoline Direct Injected Engine With Large Eddy Simulations

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Probst ◽  
Sameera Wijeyakulasuriya ◽  
Eric Pomraning ◽  
Janardhan Kodavasal ◽  
Riccardo Scarcelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Turnaround Time ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Gasoline Direct Injection ◽  
Cycle Variation ◽  
Spark Timing ◽  
Large Eddy ◽  
Operating Points

High cycle-to-cycle variation (CCV) is detrimental to engine performance, as it leads to poor combustion and high noise and vibration. In this work, CCV in a gasoline engine is studied using large eddy simulation (LES). The engine chosen as the basis of this work is a single-cylinder gasoline direct injection (GDI) research engine. Two stoichiometric part-load engine operating points (6 BMEP, 2000 RPM) were evaluated: a non-dilute (0% EGR) case and a dilute (18% EGR) case. The experimental data for both operating conditions had 500 cycles. The measured CCV in IMEP was 1.40% for the non-dilute case and 7.78% for the dilute case. To estimate CCV from simulation, perturbed concurrent cycles of engine simulations were compared to consecutively obtained engine cycles. The motivation behind this is that running consecutive cycles to estimate CCV is quite time-consuming. For example, running 100 consecutive cycles requires 2–3 months (on a typical cluster), however, by running concurrently one can potentially run all 100 cycles at the same time and reduce the overall turnaround time for 100 cycles to the time taken for a single cycle (2 days). The goal of this paper is to statistically determine if concurrent cycles, with a perturbation applied to each individual cycle at the start, can be representative of consecutively obtained cycles and accurately estimate CCV. 100 cycles were run for each case to obtain statistically valid results. The concurrent cycles began at different timings before the combustion event, with the motivation to identify the closest time before spark to minimize the run time. Only a single combustion cycle was run for each concurrent case. The calculated standard deviation of peak pressure and coefficient of variance (COV) of indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) were compared between the consecutive and concurrent methods to quantify CCV. It was found that the concurrent method could be used to predict CCV with either a velocity or numerical perturbation. A large and small velocity perturbation were compared and both produced correct predictions, implying that the type of perturbation is not important to yield a valid realization. Starting the simulation too close to the combustion event, at intake valve close (IVC) or at spark timing, under-predicted the CCV. When concurrent simulations were initiated during or before the intake even, at start of injection (SOI) or earlier, distinct and valid realizations were obtained to accurately predict CCV for both operating points. By simulating CCV with concurrent cycles, the required wall clock time can be reduced from 2–3 months to 1–2 days. Additionally, the required core-hours can be reduced up to 41%, since only a portion of each cycle needs to be simulated.

scholarly journals Testing and evaluation of cold-start emissions from a gasoline engine in RDE test at two different ambient temperatures

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 425-434
Author(s):  
Jacek Pielecha ◽  
Kinga Skobiej ◽  
Karolina Kurtyka
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Cold Start ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Operating Parameters ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In order to better reflect the actual ecological performance of vehicles in traffic conditions, both the emission standards and the applied emission tests are being developed, for example by considering exhaust emissions for a cold engine start. This article presents the research results on the impact of ambient temperature during the cold start of a gasoline engine in road emission tests. The Real Driving Emissions (RDE) tests apply to passenger cars that meet the Euro 6 emissions norm and they are complementary to their type approval tests. A portable emissions measurement system was used to record the engine and vehicle operating parameters, as well as to measure the exhaust emissions during tests. This allowed for parameters such as engine load, engine speed and vehicle speed to be monitored. The cold start conditions for two different temperatures (8°C and 25°C) were compared in detail. Moreover, the engine operating parameters, exhaust concentration values and road emissions for the 300 s time interval, were compared. The summary of the article presents the share of a passenger car’s cold start phase for each exhaust compound in the urban part of the test and in the entire Real Driving Emissions test depending on the ambient temperature.

Effect of Spark Timing on Performance of a Hydrogen Gasoline Engine

2015 ◽  
Vol 713-715 ◽  
pp. 239-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Bo Shi ◽  
Xiu Min Yu ◽  
Ping Sun
Keyword(s):  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Spark Ignition Engine ◽  
Gasoline Direct Injection ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Energy Fraction ◽  
Direct Injection Engine ◽  
Excess Air ◽  
Spark Timing

Hydrogen-gasoline blends is an effective way to improving the performance of spark ignition engine at stoichiometric and lean conditions. Spark timing is one of the important parameters affect the engine performance. This paper investigated the effect of spark timing on performance of a hydrogen-gasoline engine. A four cylinder, gasoline direct injection engine was modified to be a gasoline port injection, hydrogen direct injection engine. The hydrogen energy fraction was set as 0% and 30%. For a specified hydrogen addition, the engine was operated at four excess air ratios of 0.8, 1.0, 1.2 and 1.5. Under the specified excess air ratio condition, the spark timing was varied from 4 to 19°CA before top dead center (BTDC) with an interval of 3°CA. The test result showed that the indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) climb up and then decline with the increase of spark advance. For hydrogen-gasoline engine, the optimum spark timing for the max IMEP was retarded at a specified excess air ratio. The max thermal efficiency appeared at the optimum spark timing.

Reducing HC in gasoline engine warm-up

MTZ worldwide ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 66 (12) ◽  
pp. 30-32
Author(s):  
Helmut Tschöke ◽  
Detlef Hieber ◽  
Lars Hartkopf ◽  
Frank Raab
Keyword(s):  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Warm Up

Effects of Different LPG Fuel Systems on Performances of Variable Compression Ratio Single Cylinder Engine

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Choi ◽  
J. H. Kim ◽  
Christian Homeyer
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Compression Ratio ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Maximum Heat ◽  
Spark Timing ◽  
Test Engine

Since the early 20th century, most ground vehicles are driven with gasoline and diesel. The degradation of the environment affects human on earth unless the quality of the air is improved. One of the alternative fuels, LPG, is potentially capable of lowering vehicular emissions when compared to gasoline or diesel. There is a penalty in power output resulting from the use of LPG because the engine can induce less amount of air with Mixer system comparing with gasoline engine. Currently, the liquid-phase LPG is injected into the intake port of the engine, the fuel vaporizes enroute to the combustion chamber. Therefore, the performance and combustion processes of the tested engine are investigated with different LPG fuel systems. The test engine was developed and named heavy-duty VACRE. The test engine for this work operates 1400rpm with MBT conditions. The major conclusions of the work include; 1) The power output of LPi system with liquid-phase is approximately 17% higher than that of vapor-phase Mixer system due to increases of volumetric efficiency. And the MBT spark timing of LPi system is approximately 25% more advanced than that of Mixer system at λ value 1.0; 2) The LPi system shows both the maximum heat release rate and the cumulative heat release to be approximately 20% higher than the Mixer system; 3) Maximum cylinder pressure decrease with increase of compression ratio and a point of maximum cylinder pressure is delayed with high compression ratio.

The Study of HC Emission Characteristics and Combustion Stability with Spark Timing Retard at Cold Start in Gasoline Engine Vehicle

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myung-Sik Choi ◽  
Ha-Yung Sun ◽  
Cheol-Hee Lee ◽  
Cha-Lee Myung ◽  
Woo-Tae Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Cold Start ◽  
Combustion Stability ◽  
Emission Characteristics ◽  
Spark Timing
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