scholarly journals Knowledge about modifiable risk factors for non-communicable diseases adults living with HIV in Rwanda

1970 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 3181-3189
Author(s):  
Juvenal Biraguma ◽  
Eugene Mutimura ◽  
José M Frantz
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Diabetes Research ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Living With Hiv

Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCD) are of international public health concern. Of more concern are people living with HIV (PLHIV), who have the increased risk of developing NCDs, such as hypertension, stroke and diabetes. Research has revealed that there is a relationship between knowledge of NCD risk factors and risk perceptions in the general population. Therefore, an assessment of PLHIV’s NCD risk factors knowledge is quite critical, to design effective NCD prevention programmes.Objective: To assess the level of knowledge of modifiable risk factors for NCDs and its associated factors among adults living with HIV in Rwanda.Methods: A cross-sectional quantitative design was used to collect the data. The study targeted PLHIV who visited the out-patients’ public health centres in three purposively selected provinces of Rwanda. The knowledge assessment questionnaire relating to risk factors for chronic diseases of lifestyle was used to collect the data. Data were analysed using SPSS version 23.Results: Of the 794 respondents, 64.6% were women, and the mean age was 37.9 (±10.8) years. The results revealed that the majority of the respondents (65.0%) had low levels of knowledge about NCD risk factors, while some (35.6%) were of the opinion that they had a low risk of contracting NCDs. Good knowledge was significantly associated with high educational status, a low CD4+ cell count (< 350 cells/mm3) and normotension.Conclusion: The current study findings highlight the need for comprehensive health education, to raise awareness of non-communicable diseases’ risk factors for adults living with HIV in Rwanda.Keywords: Non-communicable diseases, Risk factors, HIV infection, Knowledge, Rwanda.

‘I think one of the ways they will help is to create awareness’: primary school teachers’ perceptions of cardiovascular diseases in Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
Kingsley Udeh ◽  
Candidus Nwakasi ◽  
John Fulton
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Primary School Teachers ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases

The increasing incidence and prevalence of non-communicable diseases is a major global health concern. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) account for the highest percentage of deaths related to non-communicable diseases, and low and middle-income countries (LMIC) face the highest burden of CVDs. Understanding the knowledge and perception of CVDs and their risk factors in an LMIC such as Nigeria may play an important role in cardiovascular health promotion and improvement plans to reduce CVD-related deaths. A qualitative study was conducted using semi-structured interviews to gain an in-depth understanding of some personal and sociocultural views on CVDs and their risk factors. The participants were purposively sampled primary school teachers in South-Eastern Nigeria. Thematic analysis approach was used for data analysis. The study findings include knowledge of heart disease, perceived causes and risk factors of CVDs, spirituality, and the way forward. Overall, the knowledge of CVDs in the setting was found to be related to the psychosocial nature of the participants; the effectiveness of any intervention needs to take these factors into consideration. For example, health policies for CVD health education and awareness should be tailored to address some of the issues of belief, values, and religion, as mentioned in the study.

scholarly journals A comparison of the prevalence of and modifiable risk factors for cognitive impairment among community-dwelling Canadian seniors over two decades, 1991–2009

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0242911
Author(s):  
Batholomew Chireh ◽  
Carl D’Arcy
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Canadian Community Health Survey ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Population Census ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Canadian Population

Background The prevalence of cognitive impairment or dementia is of public health concern globally. Accurate estimates of this debilitating condition are needed for future public health policy planning. In this study, we estimate prevalence and modifiable risk factors for cognitive impairment by sex over approximately 16 years. Methods Canadian Study of Health and Aging (CSHA) baseline data conducted between 1991–1992 were used to measure the prevalence of cognitive impairment and dementia among adults aged 65+ years. The standard Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS) was used for the screening test for cognitive impairment. We compared the CSHA data with Canadian Community Health Survey–Healthy Aging (CCHS-HA) conducted between 2008–2009. The CCHS-HA used a four-dimension cognitive module to screen for cognitive impairment. Only survey community-dwelling respondents were included in the final sample. After applying exclusion criteria, final samples of (N = 8504) respondents in the CSHA sample and (N = 7764) respondents for CCHS–HA sample were analyzed. To account for changes in the age structure of the Canadian population, prevalence estimates were calculated using age-sex standardization to the 2001 population census of Canada. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine predictors of cognitive impairment. A sex stratified analysis was used to examine risk factors for cognitive impairment in the survey samples. Results We found that prevalence of cognitive impairment among respondents in CSHA sample was 15.5% in 1991 while a prevalence of 10.8% was reported in the CCHS–HA sample in 2009, a 4.7% reduction [15.5% (CI = 14.8–16.3), CSHA vs 10.8% (CI = 10.1–11.5), CCHS–HA]. Men reported higher prevalence of cognitive impairment in CSHA study (16.0%) while women reported higher prevalence of cognitive impairment in CCHS–HA (11.6%). In the multivariable analyses, risk factors such as age, poor self-rated health, stroke, Parkinson’s disease, and hearing problems were common to both cohorts. Sex differences in risk factors were also noted. Conclusions This study provides suggestive evidence of a potential reduction in the occurrence of cognitive impairment among community-dwelling Canadian seniors despite the aging of the Canadian population. The moderating roles of improved prevention and treatment of vascular morbidity and improvements in the levels of education of the Canadian population are possible explanations for this decrease in the cognitive impairment.

scholarly journals Relationship between childhood obesity and dietary behavior in selected school-going children from Dhaka city, Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 2469
Author(s):  
Mohammad Rahanur Alam ◽  
Mohammad Asadul Habib ◽  
A. K. Obidul Huq ◽  
Sumaiya Mamun ◽  
Sompa Reza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Dietary Behavior ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: The prevalence of non-communicable diseases is rising in Dhaka City, Bangladesh. Obesity is one of the significant risk factors for many non-communicable diseases. This research aimed to investigate the current prevalence of overweight and obesity among children in selected schools in Dhaka City through anthropometric evaluation, as well as to assess the correlation of various environmental determinants such as physical activity, dietary behavior, lifestyle habits, are associated with increased risk of obesity in children.Methods: This school-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 106 participants (50 male and 56 female participants) aged 6-14 years selected by convenience sampling from four randomly selected primary schools of different regions of Dhaka city. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect data.Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity among school-going children 24.5%, 68% respectively. Factors associated with being obese included type of game (χ2=34.036; p=0.001), total playtime (χ2=17.788; p=0.000), TV and computer watch time (χ2=27.321; p=0.007), spend money to buy fast food (χ2=26.451; p=0.002), eating days fast food in a week (χ2=24.825; p=0.003), type of tiffin (χ2=19.757; p=0.072).Conclusions: Less playtime, longer watching TV and computer, and eating more fast food are major risk factors for overweight and obesity among school-going children in Dhaka city. Interventions are needed to increase awareness of child overweight weight and obesity risk factors to decrease the prevalence of overweight and obesity.

scholarly journals High prevalence of non-communicable diseases and associated risk factors amongst adults living with HIV in Cambodia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. e0187591 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pheak Chhoun ◽  
Sovannary Tuot ◽  
Anthony D. Harries ◽  
Nang Thu Thu Kyaw ◽  
Khuondyla Pal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Living With Hiv

Bridging the gap between science and public health: taking advantage of tobacco control experience in Brazil to inform policies to counter risk factors for non-communicable diseases

Addiction ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 108 (8) ◽  
pp. 1360-1366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Luiza da Costa e Silva ◽  
Daniela Pantani ◽  
Mônica Andreis ◽  
Robert Sparks ◽  
Ilana Pinsky
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases

scholarly journals A study on prevalence of risk factors for non-communicable diseases among allopathic doctors of Vijayawada city, Andhra Pradesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 3508
Author(s):  
Kiran Prakash K. ◽  
Venkata Suresh Anga
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Life Styles ◽  
Premature Deaths ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCDs) are the leading cause of death in the world. Accounting for around 60% of all deaths and 44% of premature deaths worldwide. The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of risk factors for non-communicable diseases among allopathic doctors in Vijayawada.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on allopathic practicing doctors who were working in the various Hospitals, clinics, Nursing Homes within the corporation limits of Vijayawada city.Results: Out of the 720 study subjects, 498 doctors (69.2%) were males and 222 doctors (30.8%) were females. majority of the doctors 515 (71.5%) were with educational qualification of master degrees (MS/MD/MDS). Doctors in clinical specialty are more 565 (78.5%) compared with non-clinical 133 (18.4%) and dental 22 (3.1%). With regarding working sector, nearly one third of doctors were working in private sector 532 (73.9%).Conclusions: Because of more exposure to unhealthy life styles like smoking, alcohol, unhealthy dietary habits like high intake of salt, inadequate use of fruits and vegetables, oil fries and by leading a sedentary life and high risk factors like overweight/obesity, hypertension and diabetes a large number of the doctor’s population were at increased risk for chronic non-communicable diseases. 

scholarly journals Prevalence of Risk Factors of Non-Communicable Diseases in the Sultanate of Oman: STEPS Survey 2017

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adhra Al-Mawali ◽  
Sathish Kumar Jayapal ◽  
Magdi Morsi ◽  
Waleed Al-Shekaili ◽  
Avinash Daniel Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Blood Cholesterol ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Sultanate Of Oman ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Biological Risk

Abstract Background Non-Communicable Diseases (NCD) represent a major public health issue and currently are the cause of 71% of deaths globally and 72% deaths in Oman. Hence, there is a need for comprehensive, up-to-date and internationally comparable data on NCD risk factors in order to evaluate the effectiveness of ongoing public health policies and to develop further NCD prevention and control interventions. The aim of the study was to provide evidence-based, up-to-date, extensive, and reliable baseline data on the behavioural and biological risk factors of NCDs in the Sultanate of Oman.Methods A cross-sectional community‐based survey designed to be nationally representative of the Sultanate of Oman was conducted based on the WHO STEPwise approach to Surveillance (STEPS). Multi-stage stratified random sampling according to geographical distribution selected a total of 9053 households (Omani nationals and non-Omani residents). Cluster sampling was used and symmetric equal number of blocks were chosen in each governorate with 823 households chosen from each governorate and one eligible adult selected from each household randomly. The survey used demographic and behavioural information questionnaires along with physical and biochemical measurements among adults aged 18 years and above.Results The prevalence of behavioural risk factors such as tobacco use was 9%, alcohol consumption was 2%, insufficient fruit or vegetable intake was 61%, and insufficient physical activity was 39%. The prevalence of biological risk factors such as overweight and obesity was 66%, raised blood pressure was 33%, raised blood glucose was 16%, and raised blood cholesterol was 36%. The prevalence of multiple risk factors was also determined and 95% of the population were found to have more than one risk factor. Three or more risk factors were found among 33% of population aged 18–69 years and 45% of the population aged 45 years.Conclusions These findings are important to support the formulation and implementation of NCD-related policies and action plans that improve health status and prevent mortality due to NCDs in the Sultanate of Oman.

scholarly journals Prevalence of modifiable risk factors for non-communicable diseases in urban slum: a cross sectional study using WHO STEPS approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1565
Author(s):  
Swati Jain ◽  
Vikas Jain ◽  
Swapnil Jain ◽  
Shweta Jain
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Modifiable Risk Factors ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Training Centre ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Who Steps

Background: Non communicable diseases (NCDs) represent a cluster of major chronic diseases. Smoking habit, alcoholism, low quality diet intakes, physical inactivity are some of the established risk factors of the NCDs. In developing country like India the problem of lifestyle and its consequent diseases needs to be addressed vigorously by all public health care personnel. Objective of the study was to assess prevalence of modifiable risk factors using the WHO STEPS approach in urban slum.Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was carried out in the field practice area of urban health training centre of the department of community medicine of PCMS and RC, Bhopal using questionnaire.Results: Highest prevalence of modifiable risk factor was inadequate diet (85.2%), followed by smokeless tobacco consumption (59.1%) and low physical activity (46.1%). Tobacco smoking (31.9%) and alcohol (22.6%) were next, followed by high blood pressure (20.1%). Prevalence of least risk factors was overweight (13.9%).Conclusions: It can be concluded from our study that the burden of risk factors for NCDs is quite high. Its prevalence even in the younger age groups is a pointer to the fact that the burden of NCDs is going to rise in near future.

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