scholarly journals Renal risk profiling in newly diagnosed hypertensives in an urban population in Nigeria

1970 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 2863-2873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aderoju Gbadegesin ◽  
Oluyomi Okunola ◽  
Olugbenga Ayodele ◽  
Fatiu Arogundade ◽  
Abubakre Sanusi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Urban Setting ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Risk Profiling ◽  
History Of ◽  
Analgesic Use ◽  
Control Study

Introduction: Hypertension is a cause and consequence of chronic kidney disease globally. The other factors that work in concert with hypertension to cause CKD are yet to be clearly elucidated. Studies have identified proteinuria, dyslipidemia, obesity, smoking and family history of CKD as renal risk factors. Due to the high morbidity and mortality associated with occurrence of CKD including the enormous financial burden involved in its management, the knowledge of prevention and understanding of the risk factors for development of CKD is highly essential. Therefore, Identifying well defined risk factors that display strong graded association with the occurrence and progression of CKD can help in elucidating potential targets for disease modification. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of renal risk factors and their impact on kidney function in newly diagnosed hypertensive Nigerians.Methods: This was a case control study of two hundred and fifty newly diagnosed hypertensive Nigerians recruited from two contiguous hospitals in an urban setting in south western Nigeria. Another group of two hundred and fifty apparently healthy age and sex matched normotensive Nigerians in the same community were recruited as controls.Results: Seventy (28%) of the newly diagnosed hypertensives had estimated glomerular filtration rate of less than 60ml/min, while 42.4% and 18.8% of the subjects and the controls had microalbuminuria respectively. The newly diagnosed hypertensives had significantly higher prevalence of analgesic use (86.4% versus 41.6%, p < 0.001), alcohol consumption (20.8% versus 12%, p = 0.008), use of canned salted food (18.8% versus 8.4%, p= 0.001) and central obesity (36.1% versus 26.8%, p= 0.025) compared to controls.Conclusion: There is a significant occurrence of modifiable renal risk factors in newly diagnosed hypertensives and this offers a platform for instituting preventive strategies in the community.Keywords: Renal risk, hypertensives, urban population, Nigeria.

scholarly journals P1733MINERAL BONE DISEASE (MBD) IS THE POST KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION POPULATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise Ryan ◽  
Eva Ruane ◽  
Alan Watson ◽  
John Holian ◽  
Aisling O'Riordan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Kidney Transplantation ◽  
Bone Disease ◽  
Calcium Supplementation ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Post Transplantation ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background and Aims Patients with ESRD have a 4-fold higher risk of fracture compared to the general population. (1) Transplant bone disease is a combination of mineral bone disease sustained pre transplantation and damage incurred post transplantation, risk factors for which include immunosuppression and immobility in the early post transplantation period. Given the high morbidity, mortality and financial burden associated with fractures, the management and prevent of osteoporosis is fundamental. (2) We aimed to compare the management of MBD in our patient cohort to international nephrology and rheumatology guidelines. (1, 3) Method A retrospective review of all patients post kidney transplantation attending our department was carried out. Information pertaining to patient demographics, renal history, osteoporosis investigation and management was collected. The results were analysed with Microsoft Excel. Results 154 patient records (92 male, 62 female) were reviewed. Mean age was 52 years (range 19-80). Mean eGFR was 54ml/min (range 9-90). 82% of patients were taking corticosteroids, the mean dose was 5mg. 9% were taking corticosteroids pre-transplantation. 11 patients (7%) had a history of parathyroidectomy. 19% of patients had a history of a fracture. 26% of patients had a DEXA scan performed which demonstrated 50% had osteopenia and 29% had osteoporosis. The mean fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX) score (risk of having an osteoporosis-related fracture in the next 10 years) for a major osteoporotic fracture was 10.2% (range 2.1-34%) and for a hip fracture was 3.1% (range 0.2-18). Based on these scores 19% and 26% of patients respectively met the criteria for treatment. Overall, 58% of patients were on treatment for either osteoporosis prevention or management or for mineral bone disease. 74% of patients with osteopenia were on treatment (32% calcium supplementation, 5% alfacalcidol, and 63% cholecalciferol). 82% of patients with osteoporosis were on treatment (45% cinacalcet, 36% cholecalciferol, 18% bisphosphonate and 9% denosumab). 27% of patients with osteoporosis were managed in keeping the guidelines. Conclusion Our cohort have significant risk factors for osteoporosis including maintenance corticosteroid treatment and previous fractures. There is a high prevalence of osteoporosis in our cohort compared to that reported internationally (4) and they had a high predicted rate of future fractures. Increased screening with targeted treatment is required to reduce the risk of fractures in our post renal transplant patients.

scholarly journals Association between infection with Campylobacter species, poor oral health and environmental risk factors on esophageal cancer: a hospital-based case–control study in Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arisara Poosari ◽  
Thitima Nutravong ◽  
Prakasit Sa-ngiamwibool ◽  
Wises Namwat ◽  
Supaporn Chatrchaiwiwatana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Esophageal Cancer ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Poor Oral Hygiene ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study ◽  
History Of Cancer

Abstract Background Previous studies have shown the association between Campylobacter species infection and that environmental factors, poor oral hygiene in particular, are linked to an increased risk of esophageal cancer (EC). However, no study has reported on these factors in Thailand. Thus, this study’s objective was to evaluate the impact of the relationship between Campylobacter infection and environmental factors on EC incidence in the population of Thailand. Methods Data from a case–control study were collected from 105 newly diagnosed EC cases and 105 controls recruited from 2007 to 2017. Infection with Campylobacter spp. was detected in the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue of EC taken from gastroesophageal biopsy specimens obtained from the participants, and evaluated using TaqMan® real-time PCR. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to calculate the odds ratios (ORs) and perform data analysis. Results Smoking, alcohol use, a family history of cancer, history of gastroesophageal reflux disease, poor oral hygiene and Campylobacter spp. infection were shown to be significant risk factors for EC (p  <  0.05). The combination of poor oral hygiene and infection with Campylobacter spp. constituted significant risk for EC (p  <  0.001). In addition, the risk of EC in subjects co-infected with C. rectus and C. concisus that practiced poor oral hygiene was even higher and was significant (ORadj  =  4.7; 95% CI 2.41–9.98; p  =  0.003). Conclusions In Thailand, the major risk factors for EC are smoking status, alcohol drinking, family history of cancer, GERD, poor oral hygiene and Campylobacter spp. infection. This study found Campylobacter spp. prevalence to be associated with EC and appears to be enhanced by poor oral hygiene, suggesting that a combination of poor oral hygiene and Campylobacter species infection may together act as an important etiological risk factor for EC.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Cardiovascular Risk of Selective and Nonselective Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors (COX-Is) in Arthritic Patients: A Comparative Matched Case Control Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-338
Author(s):  
N. Quraishi ◽  
U. Bhosale ◽  
R. Yegnanarayan ◽  
D. Devasthale
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Matched Case ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Matched Case Control Study ◽  
Control Study

This study was conducted to assess and compare the cardiovascular risk and to explore the demography of CV risk of nonselective cyclooxygenase inhibitors (COX-Is) and selective COX-2-Is in arthritic patients. In this comparative matched case control study adult arthritic patients of either sex taking COX-Is for >1 yr; were included. Arthritic age and sex matched individuals with no history of COX-Is treatment were the controls. Patients those with history of any other disease (e.g. diabetes, hypertension, stroke, IHD etc.) were excluded. Patients were grouped into Control, nonselective COX-I and selective COX-2-I groups. The CV risk factors like blood pressure, blood sugar level(BSL), lipid profile, BMI(body mass index) etc. were assessed and compared; demography of CV risk factors i.e. age, sex, smoking, alcohol, heredity was also studied. Qualitative data was analyzed using Chi-square and quantitative data was analyzed by student’s‘t’-test. Study clearly revealed that all NSAIDs exhibit significant CV risk when taken over a period of time as in arthritis. However selective COX 2-Is found to exhibit more CV risk in this regard. Odds ratio (OR) for CV risk=10.3(95% CI: 1.45, 3.31) and OR for CV risk=5.2(95%CI: 1.05, 2.57) for nonselective COX-Is. BMI, BSL and lipid profile; the potential CV risk factors, showed significant impairment in selective COX 2-Is group; P<0.05, P<0.05 and P<0.01 (HDL), P<0.001 (cholesterol), respectively compared to controls and P<0.05 compared to nonselective COX-Is. This study portrays the potential CV risk of selective COX 2-Is and confirms and re-evaluate the results of earlier studies in this regard.  Keywords: Anti-arthritic agents; BMI; COX-Is; CV risk; Lipid profile.  © 2014 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.  doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v6i2.17039 J. Sci. Res. 6 (2), 328-338 (2014)  

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with early childhood caries – a case control study

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Marina De Deus Moura Lima ◽  
Zacarias Soares Brito-Neto ◽  
Heylane Oliveira Amaral ◽  
Cacilda Castelo Branco Lima ◽  
Marcoeli Silva de Moura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Childhood Caries

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors associated with early childhood caries (ECC).Methods: It was an observational retrospective case-control study. The case group consisted of all patients diagnosed with ECC in the records of an active program of maternal and child care. The control group was composed of an equal number of children, matched for gender and age, who attended the program and did not have ECC. The process of data collection consisted of completing a pre-established schedule to analyse variables related to the mother/caregiver and child.Statisticalanalysis was performed using the chi-squared and odds ratio (OR), with alpha (α) = 0.05.Results: History of caries in the mother (OR=2.61; CI 95%=1.45-4.67) and father (OR=1.72; CI 95%=1.02-2.89) were key determinants in the child being diagnosed with ECC.Conclusions: The risk factors associated with ECC were the following: no oral hygiene acceptance, nocturnal feeding duration of more than 16 months, a daily intake of sugar greater than 4 times a day, a Baume type II maxillary arch, fewer than 3 consultations with the program, and a history of decay in the parents.

Carbapenem-ResistantKlebsiella pneumoniaein Post-Acute-Care Facilities in Israel

2011 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 845-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debby Ben-David ◽  
Samira Masarwa ◽  
Shiri Navon-Venezia ◽  
Hagit Mishali ◽  
Ilan Fridental ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Acute Care ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Antibiotic Exposure ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
History Of ◽  
Independent Risk Factors ◽  
Acute Care Facilities ◽  
Control Study

Objective.To assess the prevalence of and risk factors for carbapenem-resistantKlebsiella pneumoniae(CRKP) carriage among patients in post-acute-care facilities (PACFs) in Israel.Design, Setting, and Patients.A cross-sectional prevalence survey was conducted in 12 PACFs. Rectal swab samples were obtained from 1,144 patients in 33 wards. Risk factors for CRKP carriage were assessed among the cohort. Next, a nested, matched case-control study was conducted to define individual risk factors for colonization. Finally, the cohort of patients with a history of CRKP carriage was characterized to determine risk factors for continuous carriage.Results.The prevalence of rectal carriage of CRKP among 1,004 patients without a history of CRKP carriage was 12.0%. Independent risk factors for CRKP carriage were prolonged length of stay (odds ratio [OR], 1.001;P< .001), sharing a room with a known carrier (OR, 3.09;P= .02), and increased prevalence of known carriers on the ward (OR, 1.02;P= .013). A policy of screening for carriage on admission was protective (OR, 0.41;P= .03). Risk factors identified in the nested case-control study were antibiotic exposure during the prior 3 months (OR, 1.66;P= .03) and colonization with other resistant pathogens (OR, 1.64;P= .03). Among 140 patients with a history of CRKP carriage, 47% were colonized. Independent risk factors for continued CRKP carriage were antibiotic exposure during the prior 3 months (OR, 3.05;P= .04), receipt of amoxicillin-clavulanate (OR, 4.18;P= .007), and screening within 90 days of the first culture growing CRKP (OR, 2.9;P= .012).Conclusions.We found a large reservoir of CRKP in PACFs. Infection-control polices and antibiotic exposure were associated with patient colonization.

scholarly journals Beberapa Faktor Kejadian Perdarahan Postpartum Ibu Bersalin yang Dirawat Di Rumah Sakit

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Asif Yuliati ◽  
Ariawan Soejoenoes ◽  
Ari Suwondo ◽  
Anies Anies ◽  
Martha Irene Kartasurya
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Postpartum Hemorrhage ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Consecutive Sampling ◽  
Obstetric History ◽  
Maternal Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
History Of ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Control Study

Background: Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) remains a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in both developed and developing countries. To prevent postpartum hemorrhage, knowledge of the risk factors were needed.Method: Methos of the research is a case control study. Study population were hospitalized mothers who delivered in three hospitals on January 2015 – July 2016. The subjects were 55 patients who suffered from PPH (as cases) and 55 patients who were not suffered from PPH (as control). Sampling method for cases was consecutive sampling and purposive for controls. Data were analysed by Odds Ratio calculation and logistic regression.Results: The risks factor significantly for PPH are midwife as birth attendant (OR=7.10; 95% CI 2.2 –22.81; p=0.001), poor of obstetric history (OR=5.37; 95%CI 1.53–18.86; p=0.009), pregnancy interval (< 2 years or > 5 years) (OR =4.04; 95%CI 1.48 –11.07; p= 0,007), anaemia trimester III (OR =3,58; 95%CI 1.23-10.43; p=0.019), history of abortion (OR=4.93; 95% CI 1.20-20.31; p=0,027).Conclusion: The risk factors for PPH were midwife as birth attendant, poor of obstetric history, pregnancy interval (<2 years and >5 years), anaemia trimester III, and history of abortion.

scholarly journals Identification of risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa population: A case control study

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamila Haider ◽  
Ghosia Lutfullah ◽  
Irshad Ur Rehman ◽  
Irfan Khattak
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1

Objectives: The present study aims to identify the risk factors for Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1(HIV-1) infection in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) population by comparing HIV-antibody positive cases with HIV-antibody-negative controls. Methods: The study was designed at the Family Care Centre (FCC), Hayatabad Medical Centre (HMC) Peshawar from February 2015 to December 2016. A total of 280 individuals were selected randomly for the study as cases and control. Data was collected on a structured questionnaire with informed oral consent. The collected data was analysed statistically using SPSS version 20. Results: Out of 280 individuals, 56% were males, 44% were females, and 53.21% belonged to the urban areas. The literacy rate was 48.6%, and 75.4% were married. The statistical analysis of risk factors revealed the following factors as of significance value (p < 0.05). Family history of HIV (OR = 9.46), spouse status of HIV (OR=22.22), injection drug users (IDUs), migrants (OR=2.234), use of therapeutic injections (OR= 2.791), employment (OR=2.545), male gender (OR=2.35), tattooing (OR=7.667) and history of blood transfusion (OR= 2.69). Conclusion: The present study revealed spouse status of HIV, tattooing, migrants, IDUs, use of therapeutic injections, history of blood transfusion, male gender and employment as significant risk factors for HIV infection in the population of KP. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.5.258 How to cite this:Haider J, Lutfullah G, Irshad ur Rehman, Khattak I. Identification of risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa population: A case control study. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.5.258 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with peripheral neuropathy among diabetic individuals: a case control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 768
Author(s):  
Christa Kingston ◽  
Aravindan J. ◽  
Srikumar Walsalam
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Diabetic Neuropathy ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

Background: Diabetic neuropathy is one among the most common complication in diabetes mellitus. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy hinders the quality of life causing morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to find the risk factors associated with diabetic neuropathy.Methods: This case control study involved 100 diabetic patients attending the Dohnavur fellowship hospital, Dohnavur from October 2019 to March 2020. Sociodemographic profile and diabetic characteristics of the study group were obtained and analysed. Diagnosis of Diabetic Neuropathy was done by using the diagnostic method proposed by American Diabetic Association.Results: Of the total study population with mean age 59.43 years, 63% had family history of diabetes. Almost 70% had poor diabetic control. Statistically significant relationships were found between neuropathy and duration of diabetes, glycaemic control, history of hypertension, monofilament test and pinprick sensation.Conclusions: In this study, glycemic control, dyslipidemia and hypertension were modifiable risk factors for diabetic neuropathy. Early interventional programs to sensitize diabetics on these factors could improve the quality of life of Diabetic patients. 

scholarly journals Factores de riesgo del síndrome confusional agudo en ancianos hospitalizados.

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Rodado ◽  
Irine Aragon
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Source Population ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Factores De Riesgo ◽  
History Of ◽  
Transversal Study ◽  
Special Relevance ◽  
Control Study

Background: Acute confusional syndrome is a current problem of special relevance among elderlypatients admitted to hospital medical services. The determination of its risk factors is an essential process in the development and implementation of programs to prevent this complication. Methods: With the mentioned aim we have carried out this case-control study as an analytical, observational, retrospective and transversal study, whose source population was integrated by 60 patients over age 65 according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and divided into two groups: with and without delirium. Discussion: Our analysis has confirmed the association between these factors and delirium: illness severity; previous history of Delirium (OR 10.6); mental status (OR 7.3); high risk medications (OR 6.9); renal failure (OR 6.5); medication at risk added (OR 6); physical status (OR 5.2); use of neuroleptics (OR5.1); anemia (OR 4.75); sodium alterations (OR 4.5); urinary catheter (OR 3.8); low albumin (OR 3.7); infection (OR 3.1). Conclusion: There is no relationship proved between acute confusional syndrom and the following factors: use of benzodiazepines, aggressive procedures, immobility, old age, dementia, diminished ADL skills, co-morbidity and polypharmacy, even if they have been identified as risk factors in previous studies. Hence, these results should be interpreted with caution.

Risk Factors for Pneumonia Among Children in a Brazilian Metropolitan Area

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 977-985
Author(s):  
Cesar G. Victora ◽  
Sandra C. Fuchs ◽  
José Antonio C. Flores ◽  
Walter Fonseca ◽  
Betty Kirkwood
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Day Care ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Day Care Centers ◽  
Day Care Center ◽  
Management Actions ◽  
Cause Of Deaths ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Weight For Age

Objective. To investigate risk factors for pneumonia for infants &lt;2 years of age. Design. Hospital-based, case-control study with neighborhood control subjects. Setting. Urban area in southern Brazil. Subjects. Five hundred ten infants with radiologically confirmed pneumonia who were admitted to a pediatric hospital. One age-matched neighborhood control subject was selected for each case. Results. Multiple conditional regression modeling was used to control for confounding, taking into account the hierarchical relationships between risk factors. The incidence of radiologically confirmed pneumonia was associated with low paternal education, the number of persons in the household, young maternal age, attendance at day-care centers, low birth weight and weight-for-age, lack of breast-feeding and of non-milk supplements, and a history of previous pneumonia or wheezing. Day-care center attendance showed the highest risk, with an adjusted odds ratio of 11.75. Conclusions. In addition to continued efforts toward appropriate case management, actions directed against the above risk factors may help prevent the major cause of deaths of children younger than 5 years.

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