scholarly journals Risk factors associated with peripheral neuropathy among diabetic individuals: a case control study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 768
Author(s):  
Christa Kingston ◽  
Aravindan J. ◽  
Srikumar Walsalam
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Diabetic Neuropathy ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

Background: Diabetic neuropathy is one among the most common complication in diabetes mellitus. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy hinders the quality of life causing morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to find the risk factors associated with diabetic neuropathy.Methods: This case control study involved 100 diabetic patients attending the Dohnavur fellowship hospital, Dohnavur from October 2019 to March 2020. Sociodemographic profile and diabetic characteristics of the study group were obtained and analysed. Diagnosis of Diabetic Neuropathy was done by using the diagnostic method proposed by American Diabetic Association.Results: Of the total study population with mean age 59.43 years, 63% had family history of diabetes. Almost 70% had poor diabetic control. Statistically significant relationships were found between neuropathy and duration of diabetes, glycaemic control, history of hypertension, monofilament test and pinprick sensation.Conclusions: In this study, glycemic control, dyslipidemia and hypertension were modifiable risk factors for diabetic neuropathy. Early interventional programs to sensitize diabetics on these factors could improve the quality of life of Diabetic patients. 

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with early childhood caries – a case control study

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Marina De Deus Moura Lima ◽  
Zacarias Soares Brito-Neto ◽  
Heylane Oliveira Amaral ◽  
Cacilda Castelo Branco Lima ◽  
Marcoeli Silva de Moura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Caries ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Childhood Caries

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors associated with early childhood caries (ECC).Methods: It was an observational retrospective case-control study. The case group consisted of all patients diagnosed with ECC in the records of an active program of maternal and child care. The control group was composed of an equal number of children, matched for gender and age, who attended the program and did not have ECC. The process of data collection consisted of completing a pre-established schedule to analyse variables related to the mother/caregiver and child.Statisticalanalysis was performed using the chi-squared and odds ratio (OR), with alpha (α) = 0.05.Results: History of caries in the mother (OR=2.61; CI 95%=1.45-4.67) and father (OR=1.72; CI 95%=1.02-2.89) were key determinants in the child being diagnosed with ECC.Conclusions: The risk factors associated with ECC were the following: no oral hygiene acceptance, nocturnal feeding duration of more than 16 months, a daily intake of sugar greater than 4 times a day, a Baume type II maxillary arch, fewer than 3 consultations with the program, and a history of decay in the parents.

scholarly journals 346. Factors Associated with Hypertension in Young Adults with Perinatally-Acquired HIV Infection: a Case–Control Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S184-S184
Author(s):  
Patrick O’Neil ◽  
Patrick Ryscavage ◽  
Kristen A Stafford
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Family History ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Systemic Hypertension ◽  
Early Management ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background The incidence of systemic hypertension (HTN) among perinatally-HIV-infected (PHIV) patients appears to increase as they enter adulthood. Among non-perinatally HIV-infected adults both traditional and HIV-associated risk factors have been found to contribute to HTN. Whether these same factors contribute to HTN in PHIV is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the socio-demographic, clinical, virologic, and immunologic factors associated with HTN among a cohort of PHIV adolescents and young adults, aged ≥18 years. Methods We conducted a case–control study among a population of 160 PHIV adults with and without HTN who were receiving care at the University of Maryland and aged 18–35 years as of December 31, 2017. Covariates assessed included traditional risk factors such as age, family history of HTN, and smoking, as well as HIV- and antiretroviral-associated covariates. Results We identified 49 HTN cases (30.6%) and 111 (69.4%) controls. There were no significant differences in the odds of most traditional (age, gender, race, family history of HTN, tobacco, alcohol, and/or other drug use) or HIV-associated (CD4 nadir <100 cells/mm3, individual ART exposure, ART interruption) risk factors among PHIV adults with HTN compared with those with no diagnosis of HTN. Cases had lower odds of a history of treatment with lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r). Cases had 3.7 (95% CI 1.11, 12.56) times the odds of a prior diagnosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) compared with controls after controlling for CD4 nadir and ARV treatment history. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that most traditional and HIV-related risk factors do not appear to increase the odds of having HTN in this PHIV cohort. However, HTN among PHIV may be driven in part by CKD, and a focus on the prevention and early management of CKD in this group may be necessary to prevent the development of HTN. Additionally, there may be as yet unidentified risk factors for HTN among PHIV which require further exploration. Given the large and growing population of PHIV entering adulthood worldwide, it is imperative to explore risk factors for and effects of HTN in large, diverse PHIV populations. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy in Nekemte referral hospital, from July 2015 to June 2017, Ethiopia: case-control study

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leta Hinkosa ◽  
Almaz Tamene ◽  
Negeso Gebeyehu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Hypertensive Disorders Of Pregnancy ◽  
Positive History ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Hypertensive Disorders ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Background Hypertension is the most common medical problem encountered in pregnancy and is a leading cause of perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality. However, its magnitude and risk factors yet not adequately assessed at the study area. Methods Facility-based retrospective unmatched case-control study was conducted to identify risk factors associated with Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in Nekemte Referral Hospital just two years back from study period July 1, 2015, to June 30, 2017. Bivariate logistic regression was considered for inclusion in to the multivariate logistic regression. Finally, multi varaite analysis were done to identify risk factors of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Results Among 6826 total delivery records from July 2015 –June 2017, 199 women developed hypertension during pregnancy. Among 199 women 153(76.9%) were pre-eclampsia/eclampsia,28(14.1%) were gestational hypertension, 14(0.7%) were superimposed hypertension and 4 (2.9%) were chronic hypertension. Age ≥ 35 (AOR: 2.51, 95% CI: 1.08, 5.83), rural residential area (AOR: 1.79, 95% CI: 1.150, 2.799), prim gravida (AOR: 3.39, 95% CI: 2.16, 5.33), null parity (AOR: 4.35, 95% CI: 2.36, 8.03), positive history of abortion (AOR: 4.39, 95% CI: 1.64, 11.76), twin pregnancy (AOR: 3.78, 95% CI: 1.52, 9.39), lack of ANC follow up (AOR: 3.05, 95% CI: 1.56, 5.96) as well as positive pre-existing hypertension (AOR: 3.81, 95% CI: 1.69, 8.58), positive family history of hypertension (AOR: 5.04, 95% CI: 2.66, 9.56) and positive history of diabetes mellitus (AOR: 5.03, 95% CI: 1.59, 15.89) were risk factors for hypertensive disorders during pregnancy. Conclusion This study found that Women with hypertension during pregnancy have a greater risk of developing adverse pregnancy outcome as compared to normotensive pregnant women. so, identification of these risk factors would be useful for early diagnosis of hypertension disorders during pregnancy to give appropriate clinical monitoring and treatments and timely managing maternal and perinatal complications.

scholarly journals Case-Control Study of Risk Factors Associated with Feline and Canine Chronic Kidney Disease

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul C. Bartlett ◽  
James W. Van Buren ◽  
Andrew D. Bartlett ◽  
Chun Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of ◽  
Bad Breath ◽  
Dog Owners ◽  
Control Study

An age-matched case-control study was initiated to determine the major risk factors associated with CKD in cats and dogs and to determine what clinical signs cat and dog owners observed before their veterinarian diagnosed their pet with CKD. When compared to controls, the feline cases were more likely to have had polydipsia and polyuria in the year before the owners' cats were diagnosed with CKD. In the dogs, increased water intake, increased urination, small size and a recent history of weight loss and bad breath were noticed by the dog owners before veterinary CKD diagnosis. Dog owners recognized abnormal drinking and urination behavior over half a year before their pet's veterinary diagnosis with CKD, and they recognized weight loss almost 4 months before CKD diagnosis. Bad breath was noticed 1.2 years before recognition of CKD by a veterinarian. Given that earlier CKD diagnosis should have been possible in most cases, clinical trials should proceed to measure the efficacy of early interventions.

scholarly journals Risk factors for visceral leishmaniasis in selected high endemic areas of Morang, Nepal: A case control study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 188-196
Author(s):  
Punam Kumari Mandal ◽  
Rajendra Raj Wagle ◽  
Surendra Uranw ◽  
Ajoy Kumar Thakur
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Visceral Leishmaniasis ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Ground Floor ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Kala Azar ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Migration ◽  
Control Study

Background: Visceral leishmaniasis is a major public health concern in Nepal. During the last few years, several Kala-azar outbreaks have been reported from Terai region including Morang district, Nepal. Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine the risk factors associated with Kala-azar at individual and household levels in selected highly endemic areas of Morang district of eastern Nepal. Methodology: A case control study was conducted in five endemic village development committees of Morang district with 62 cases already treated from B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences and Koshi Zonal Hospital. Two hundred and forty eight controls were selected randomly from the same village at the ratio of 1:4. Data was collected between September and November 2013 using structured questionnaires. Bivariate and multivariate analysis were done and the final model was selected using the backward elimination strategy. Results: This study showed that the majority of cases (29.0%) were from the 13-25 years age group, males are more than females and indigenous caste (74.2%) were affected more than other caste. Living in thatched house (OR 4.57, 95% CI 1.91-10.93), ownership of animal (OR 3.95, 95% CI 1.87-8.37), sleeping on the ground floor (OR 3.90, 95% CI 1.83-8.31),  history of migration to India and proximity to other Kala-azar cases within 50 metres distance of household were significant risk factors for visceral leishmaniasis. The association with socioeconomic status remained significant and there was a clear dose – response effect.  Conclusion: Living in thatched house, ownership of animals, sleeping on the ground floor, history of migration to India, proximity to other Kala-azar cases within 50 metres distance and poverty are the main risk factors associated with visceral leishmaniasis transmission.

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with preterm birth in the Dominican Republic: a case-control study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. e045399
Author(s):  
Agustín Díaz-Rodríguez ◽  
Leandro Feliz-Matos ◽  
Carlos Bienvenido Ruiz Matuk
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Preterm Births ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Premature Births ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

ObjectivesThis study aimed to identify the risk factors associated with preterm birth, and to determine the prevalence of preterm births in the Dominican Republic.DesignCase-control study.SettingsSeven National Reference Hospitals from different regions of the Dominican Republic.ParticipantsA probabilistic sampling of both cases and controls was performed with a ratio of 2.92:1, and a power analysis was performed with α=0.05, P1=0.5, P2=0.6, and β=0.08, to yield a distribution of 394 cases and 1150 controls. Estimation of gestational age was based on neonatologist reports.Primary outcome measuresA protocol was created to obtain maternal and obstetric information.ResultsThe main risk factors were a family history of premature births (p<0.001, OR: 14.95, 95% CI 8.50 to 26.29), previous preterm birth (p=0.005, OR: 20.00; 95% CI 12.13 to 32.96), advanced maternal age (over 35 years; p<0.001, OR: 2.21; 95% CI 1.57 to 3.09), smoking (p<0.001, OR: 6.65, 95% CI 3.13 to 13.46), drug consumption (p=0.004, OR: 2.43, 95% CI 1.37 to 4.30), premature rupture of membranes (p<0.001, OR: 2.5) and reduced attendance at prenatal consultations (95% CI 6 to 7, Z=−10.294, p<0.001).ConclusionMaternal age greater than 35 years, previous preterm birth, family history of preterm births and prelabour rupture of membranes were independent risk factors for preterm birth. Adolescence, pregnancy weight gain and prenatal consultations, on the other hand, were protective factors for preterm birth. Although the prevalence of premature births in this study was 25%, this could have been biased.

scholarly journals Risk factors associated to neural tube defects among mothers who gave birth in North Shoa Zone Hospitals, Amhara Region, Ethiopia 2020: Case control study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0250719
Author(s):  
Aynalem Gashaw ◽  
Sisay Shine ◽  
Osman Yimer ◽  
Melat Wodaje
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Neural Tube Defects ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Chemical Exposure ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

Introduction Neural tube defects affect the brain and the spinal cord of the developing embryo. The defects occur due to incomplete or failure of closure of the neural tube. The condition eventually causes death and lifelong disability. Worldwide, more than 300,000 babies are born with neural tube defects each year. The highest burden is in low- and middle-income countries. Therefore, this study aims to identify the risk factors associated with neural tube defects among mothers who gave birth in North Shoa Zone Hospitals. Methods A hospital based unmatched case-control study was conducted among 243 (81 cases and 162 controls) study participants in North Shoa Zone Hospitals. The hospitals were selected using simple random sampling and all cases and randomly selected controls in the selected hospitals were included in the study. The data were collected by using pre-tested structured questionnaire. Results Different factors were identified to have association with neural tube defect. Family annual cash income less than 24000ETB (AOR: 3.73, 95%CI: 1.35, 10.26), history of still birth (AOR: 3.63, 95%CI: 1.03, 12.2), history of abortion (AOR: 6.15, 95%CI: 2.63, 18.56), preconception tea use (AOR: 2.36, 95%CI: 1.15, 4.86) and pesticides/chemical exposure (AOR: 5.34, 95%CI: 1.77, 16.05) were positively associated factors. In contrast, preconception care (AOR: 0.14, 95%CI: 0.05, 0.39) and taking iron/folic acid/multivitamin during the current pregnancy (AOR: 0.16, 95%CI: 0.07, 0.33) showed a protective effect. Conclusion Family annual income less than 24000ETB, history of still birth, history of abortion, preconception tea uses and pesticides/chemical exposure were associated factors of neural tube defects. Preconception counseling and screening should be recommended for women who plan for pregnancy.

scholarly journals Risk Factors Associated with Multiple Sclerosis: A Case-Control Study in Damascus, Syria

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Maher Taan ◽  
Farah Al Ahmad ◽  
Mohammad Karim Ercksousi ◽  
Ghassan Hamza
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Family History ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

Objectives. To assess the probable risk factors associated with Multiple sclerosis among Syrian patients in the city of Damascus. Method. In a case-control study conducted from May to September 2020, 140 MS patients and 140 healthy controls were selected from two main hospitals in Damascus. Data regarding risk factors associated with MS was collected via a structured questionnaire and complementary laboratory tests. The statistical analysis was carried out by the SPSS Statistical Software Version 26. Results. Factors such as smoking, family history of MS, migraine, and vitamin D deficiency were associated with a higher risk of developing MS: Smoking ( OR = 2.275 95% CI (1.348-3.841) P = 0.002 ). Family history of MS ( OR = 3.970 95% CI (1.807-8.719) P ≤ 0.001 ). Migraine ( OR = 3.011 95% CI (1.345-6.741) P = 0.005 ). Vitamin D deficiency ( OR = 4.778 95% CI (2.863-7.972) P ≤ 0.001 ). However, factors such as diabetes, hypertension, a surgical history of appendectomy, tonsillectomy, and being the first-born in a family were statistically irrelevant: Diabetes ( OR = 0.652 95% CI (0.226-1.882) P = 0.426 ). Hypertension ( OR = 1.445 95% CI (0.724-2.885) P = 0.295 ) Appendectomy ( OR = 1.269 95% CI (0.486-3.317) P = 0.626 ) Tonsillectomy ( OR = 1.280 95% CI (0.576-2.843) P = 0.544 ). First-born Child ( OR = 0.933 95% CI (0.558-1.562) P = 0.793 ). Conclusion. Our study suggests that smoking, vitamin D deficiency, family history of MS, and migraine are probable risk factors for multiple sclerosis. Therefore, engaging in outdoor activities and maintaining a healthy diet—for females in particular—is highly recommended.

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