scholarly journals Os fatores de risco da infecção do trato urinário na gravidez: revisão integrativa

2019 ◽  
Vol 77 (15) ◽  
Author(s):  
Flávia Fragoso dos Santos Fioravante ◽  
Gisella de Carvalho Queluci
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Low Socioeconomic ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
In Pregnancy

Objetivos: Realizar uma revisão integrativa para analisar os fatores de risco referentes à ocorrência da infecçãourinária na gravidez. Método: Revisão integrativa da literatura realizada nas bases LILACS, PAHO, WHOLYS, BIBLIOTECACOCHRANE, MEDLINE e CINAHL, no período de 01 de abril de 2015 a 01 de maio de 2015, baseada na seguintequestão de pesquisa: no que se refere à prevenção de agravos, quais são os fatores de risco relacionados com ainfecção urinária na gravidez? Resultados: Dez artigos foram selecionados, e evidenciaram-se como fatores de riscopara a ocorrência da infecção urinária na gravidez: baixa escolaridade, baixo nível socioeconômico, atividade sexual,história prévia de infecção urinária, anemia materna, adolescência, terceiro trimestre de gravidez, multiparidade,atraso no esvaziamento da bexiga, não lavar a genitália pré e pós-coito, e conviver com cães e gatos. Conclusões: Aanálise dos fatores de risco relacionados com a infecção urinária na gravidez poderá trazer benefícios para a saúdematerna e fetal bem como contribuir com uma atuação profi ssional mais qualifi cada.Palavras-chave: Fatores de risco; Infecções urinárias; Gravidez. ABSTRACTObjective: Conduct an integrative review to analyze the risk factors related to the occurrence of urinary infectionin pregnancy. Method: Integrative literature review conducted in LILACS, PAHO, WHOLYS, COCHRANE LIBRARY,MEDLINE and CINAHL, in the period from April 1, 2015 the May 1, 2015, and based on the following researchquestion: with regard to prevention aggravations, what are the risk factors associated with urinary infection inpregnancy. Results: Ten articles were selected, and it was shown to be risk factors for the occurrence of urinary tractinfection in pregnancy: low education, low socioeconomic status, sexual activity, history of urinary tract infection,maternal anemia, adolescence, third trimester of pregnancy, multiparity, delayed emptying of the bladder, do notwash the genitals pre and post-coital, and live with dogs and cats. Conclusions: The analysis of risk factors relatedto urinary tract infection in pregnancy can bring benefi ts for maternal and fetal health and contribute to a morequalifi ed professional performance.Keywords: Risk factors; Urinary tract infections; Pregnancy.

scholarly journals Risk factors of multidrug-resistant bacteria in community-acquired urinary tract infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 214-9
Author(s):  
Ertugrul Guclu ◽  
Fikret Halis ◽  
Elif Kose ◽  
Aziz Ogutlu ◽  
Oğuz Karabay
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Antibiotic Usage ◽  
Advanced Age ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most seen infection among community. Objectives: In this cross-sectional study we aimed to investigate the risk factors of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria that caused community-acquired UTI (CA-UTI). Methods: Consecutive patients admitted to the Urology and Infectious Diseases policlinics with the diagnosis of CA-UTI were included in the study. A standard form including possible predisposing factors for MDR bacteria was applied. Results: In total, 240 patients (51.3% females) were enrolled in the study. The mean age of participants were 59.8 ± 18.3 years old. Escherichia coli (n =166; 69.2%)was the most frequently isolated bacteria and its incidence was higher in females than in males (p=0.01). In total, 129 (53.8%) of the identified pathogens were MDR bacteria. According to multivariate analysis, the use of antibiotics three or more times increased the risk of infection with MDR bacteria by 4.6 times, the history of urinary tract infection in the last 6 months by 2 times, being male and over 65 years old by 3 times. Conclusion: Doctors should consider prescribing broad-spectrum antibiotics in patients with severe UTIs with a history of UTI, advanced age, male gender, and multiple antibiotic usage, even if they have a CA-UTI. Keywords: Urinary tract infection; community acquired; multidrug-resistant; male; multiple antibiotic usage; advanced age.

Risk Factors in Diabetes and Pregnant Women with Urinary Tract Infections Compared to Younger Aged Female.

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-38
Author(s):  
Abdulghani Mohamed Alsamarai ◽  
Shler Ali Khorshed
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Female Student ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Infected Female ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Urinary tract infection is common with health impact in women and characterised by failure to treatment and recurrent episodes. Aim: This study was conducted to determine the risk factors for the development of urinary tract infection in diabetic and pregnant women in comparison to student female. Materials and methods: A prospective cross-sectional study conducted during the period from 1st of June 2015 to the end of January 2016. The population included in the study are 563 women, of them 425 were outpatients, and 138 were inpatients. Their age range between 18 and 80 years, with a mean age of 33.59±15.29 years. Urine samples collected and cultured on blood agar and MacConkey agar by spread plate technique. Bacterial colonies with different morphology were selected, purified and identified according to their biochemical characteristics using conventional standard methods. Results: In diabetic women, there were no significant difference in mean age and BMI values between culture positive and culture negative groups. However, pus cell mean scale was significantly higher [P=0.000] in women with urinary tract infection [1.76±1.25] than in those with negative culture [0.69±1.00]. In pregnant women, BMI mean value was significantly [P=0.013] lower in pregnant women with UTI [26.14] as compared to those without infection [26.99]. Pus cell scale mean value was significantly [P=0.000] higher in pregnant women with UTI [1.55] than women with negative UTI [0.85]. While there was no significant difference in mean age between UTI positive and negative pregnant women. In female student, there was a significant difference between UTI infected and non-infected in mean age [P=0.041] and pus cell scale [P=0.000]. However, BMI was not significantly different between infected and non-infected female student. Other risk factors association are variables in the 3 groups when analysed using X2, while AUC and OR show different trends of association between risk factors and UTI. Conclusion: BMI, pus cell scale, child number, delivery method, operation history and hospital setting were significantly associated with culture positivity in the 3 studied groups as determined by AUC. While OR confirmed association with pus sale scale in the 3 groups.

scholarly journals Infeções do Trato Urinário numa Coorte de Transplantados Renais

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Bispo ◽  
Milene Fernandes ◽  
Cristina Toscano ◽  
Teresa Marques ◽  
Domingos Machado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Tract Infections

<strong>Introduction:</strong> Urinary tract infection is the most common infectious complication following renal transplantation and its frequency is insufficiently studied in Portugal. The aim of this study was to characterize the incidence of urinary tract infections and recurrent urinary tract infections in renal transplant recipients.<br /><strong>Material and Methods:</strong> This was a retrospective cohort observational study, obtained from clinical files of all patients who received a renal transplant at the Hospital of Santa Cruz, from January 2004 to December 2005, with a mean follow-up period of five years or until date of graft loss, death or loss of follow-up. After a descriptive analysis of the population, we used bivariate tests to identify risk factors for urinary tract infections.<br /><strong>Results:</strong> A total of 127 patients were included, with a 593 patients.year follow-up. We detected 53 patients (41.7%) presenting with at least one episode of urinary tract infection; 21 patients (16.5%) had recurrent urinary tract infection. Female gender was the only risk factor associated with the occurrence of urinary tract infections (p &lt; 0.001, OR = 7.08, RR = 2.95) and recurrent urinary tract infections (p &lt; 0.001, OR = 4.66, RR = 2.83). Escherichia coli (51.6%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (15.5%) and Enterobacter spp (9.9%) were the<br />most frequently identified pathogens. Patients did not reveal an increased mortality or allograft loss. However, urinary tract infections were the most important cause of hospital admissions.<br /><strong>Discussion:</strong> Female gender was the only risk factor for urinary tract infections in this population. Escherichia coli was the most frequent agent isolated.<br /><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Despite preventive measures, urinary tract infections remain an important cause of morbidity and hospital admissions.<br /><strong>Keywords:</strong> Urinary Tract Infections; Postoperative Complications; Risk Factors; Kidney Transplantation; Portugal.

scholarly journals Risk Factors to Urinary Tract Infection Related to Prenatal Care in Pregnancy Women Attending Public Care Units of South Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 05 (06) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnildo Korb ◽  
Saionara Vitoria Barimacker ◽  
Maria Sabrina Telch dos Santos ◽  
Suellen Fincatto ◽  
Carine Vendruscolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Prenatal Care ◽  
Public Care ◽  
South Brazil ◽  
In Pregnancy

scholarly journals Incidence, Clinical Profile, and Risk Factors for Serious Bacterial Infections in Children Hospitalized With Fever in Ujjain, India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish Pathak ◽  
Radika Upadhayay ◽  
Aditya Mathur ◽  
Sunil Rathi ◽  
Cecilia Stålsby Lundborg
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Blood Culture ◽  
Positive Blood Culture ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Fever is a cause for concern for both parents and the treating pediatrician and a common reason for antibiotic overuse. However, the proportion of children hospitalized for fever with serious bacterial infection (SBI) is uncertain. We aimed to evaluate the epidemiological, clinical, hematological, and biochemical risks for SBI among the children admitted with fever. Method This prospective study was conducted in a rural teaching hospital in India on consecutive children, aged 3 months–12 years, presenting with fever 100°F (37.7°C) or higher. The presence of SBI was confirmed with one of the following criteria: (a) a positive blood culture; (b) roentgenographically confirmed pneumonia with high titres of C-reactive protein; (c) a culture-confirmed urinary tract infection; (d) enteric fever diagnosed clinically in addition to either a positive blood culture or high Widal titers; and (e) meningitis diagnosed clinically in addition to either a positive blood culture or cerebrospinal fluid culture. A predefined questionnaire was filled. Results A total of 302 children were included in the study, out of which 47% (95% CI 41.4%-52.7%) presented with SBI. The factors associated with confirmed SBI in bivariate analysis were history of previous hospitalization, history of chronic illness, history of medication in the previous one week, a partially immunized child, history of common cold, moderate-grade fever, toxic look, significant lymphadenopathy, absence of BCG scar, delayed development, irritability, breathlessness, respiratory distress, poor feeding, significant weight loss, suspected urinary tract infection, hyponatremia, hypokalemia, and abnormal leucocyte count. The final generalized logistic regression model revealed partially immunized child (RR 4.26), breathlessness (RR 1.80), weight loss (RR 2.28), and suspected urinary tract infection (RR 1.95) as risk factors for the increased risk of SBI. Conclusion The study identified multiple risk factors for SBI. Pediatricians can be made aware of these risk factors. Further studies are warranted to identify age-specific risk factors for SBI because most clinicians depend on clinical signs and symptoms to identify SBI.

scholarly journals Bacteriological profile, risk factors and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of symptomatic urinary tract infection among students of Mekelle University, northern Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Guesh Gebremariam ◽  
Haftom Legese ◽  
Yemane Woldu ◽  
Tadele Araya ◽  
Kiflom Hagos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Symptomatic Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Mekelle University ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Bacterial infection of the urinary tract is among the common reasons for seeking medical attention in the community. Rapidly increasing antibiotic resistance of uropathogens is resulting in limited treatment options. Therefore, knowledge of the current uropathogens and their antibiotic susceptibility is important for better treatment of urinary tract infection. Methods A cross-sectional study design was conducted from February to September thirty, 2017 among students who came to Mekelle University student’s clinics with symptomatic urinary tract infection during the study period.. Mid-stream urine specimens were collected from 341individuals with suspected urinary tract infection for bacteriological identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Data on socio-demographic, clinical and risk factors were also collected using a structured questionnaire. Results Among the 341 study participants, 72(21.1%) showed significant bacteriuria. Escherichia coli (48.6%), Coagulase-negative staphylococci (23%), Staphylococcus aureus (13.5%), and Klebsiella spp. (8.1%) were common bacterial isolates. Resistance to ampicillin (81–100%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (77–93.6%), co- trimoxazole (55 72.3%), nalidixic acid (57.4%) and tetracycline (46–55.5%) was seen by most isolates. Multidrug resistance was observed in 73% of the bacterial isolates, and 25.5% of the Gram-negative isolates were extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producers. Being female, a history of urinary tract infection, a history of catheterization and frequent sexual activity were found to be statistically associated with urinary tract infection. Conclusion Urinary tract infection is a problem among university students with a prevalence of 21.1%. All isolates have developed resistance to most of the commonly used antibiotics. Therefore, health education on the transmission and causes of urinary tract infection are recommended for the students.

scholarly journals Assessment of risk factors contributing to urinary tract infections in women

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 3577-3579
Author(s):  
Dr. Vishal Mishra ◽  
Dr. Alok Pratap Singh ◽  
Dr. Lal Mani Singh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Sexual Activity ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Lower Middle Class ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
Tract Infections

Introduction : Urinary tract infection is a common contagion among men and women but incidence is quite high among women due to their anatomy. The incidence of the infection is higher among sexually active women and the possibilities of encountering the infection after a sexual intercourse is higher. Identified risk factors for such infections include sexual activity, spermicide-based contraception, delayed postcoital micturition, and a history of previous UTIs. OBJECTIVES : To assess socio demographic factors among patients of urinary tract infection. To assess risk factors contributing to urinary tract infection. Material and methods : Total 91 female patients, who were diagnosed to have urinary tract infection were selected in our study. Data regarding socio-demographic and various risk factors was collected and frequency distribution tables were prepared. RESULTS : Majority females (68%) were between 18-45 years old. About 64% patients belonged to rural area, and 90% patients belong to lower, or lower middle class. About 68% patient’s education was below high school and about 74% patients were married. Among risk factors for UTI, we found that sexual activity (in 83%) was most common risk factor for UTI. CONCLUSION: Patient who are exposed to risk factors, should be given special attention by the visiting clinicians, so that early diagnosis can be made and early treatment can be started. Early diagnosis and treatment leads to less complications, morbidities and mortality. 

Primary vesicoureteric reflux and reflux nephropathy

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Lambert
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Vesicoureteric Reflux ◽  
Reflux Nephropathy ◽  
Ureterovesical Junction ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tract Infections

Vesicoureteric reflux (VUR) describes the flow of urine from the bladder into the upper urinary tract when the ureterovesical junction fails to perform as a one-way valve. Most commonly, VUR is primary, though it can be secondary to bladder outflow obstruction and can occur in several multiorgan congenital disorders. There is good evidence of a genetic basis with a greatly increased risk of VUR in children with a family history of VUR. VUR is a congenital disorder, which largely shows improvement or complete resolution with age. Fetal VUR may be associated with parenchymal developmental defects (dysplasia). Postnatally non-infected, non-obstructed VUR does not appear to have a detrimental effect on the kidneys. However there is an association of VUR with urinary tract infection and acquired renal parenchymal defects (scarring). The parenchymal abnormalities detected on imaging, often termed reflux nephropathy, may be as a result of reflux-associated dysplasia or acquired renal scarring or both. It is difficult to distinguish between the two on routine imaging. Higher grades of VUR are associated with more severe reflux nephropathy. The precise role of VUR in pyelonephritis and scarring is not clear and it may be that VUR simply increases the risk of acute pyelonephritis. Whilst most VUR resolves during childhood, it is associated with an increased risk of urinary tract infection and burden of acute disease. Investigation strategies vary considerably, related to uncertainties about the natural history of the condition and the effectiveness of various interventions. The long-term prognosis is chiefly related to the morbidity of reflux nephropathy leading in some cases to impairment of glomerular filtration rate, hypertension, proteinuria, and pregnancy-related conditions including hypertension, pre-eclampsia, and recurrent urinary tract infection. Management is controversial and ranges from simple observation with or without provision of rapid access to diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infections; to long-term prophylactic antibiotics or various antireflux surgical procedures.

Associated Risk Factors for Bacterial Urinary Tract Infection among Internally Displaced Pregnant Women in Niger Delta Camps, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (03) ◽  
pp. 5275-5281
Author(s):  
Faith Diorgu ◽  
Maynard Ehianu ◽  
Anacletus Francis
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Niger Delta ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Tract Infections

Associated Risk Factors for Bacterial Urinary Tract Infection among Internally Displaced Pregnant Women in Niger Delta Camps, Nigeria   Abstract This study investigated associated risk factors for bacterial urinary tract infection among internally displaced pregnant women in Niger Delta camps. The objectives of the study were to determine the association between age, parity, trimester of pregnancy, religion and the incidence of bacterial urinary tract infection among internally displaced pregnant women. The population of the study comprised 108 internally displaced pregnant women who also formed the study sample as no sampling method was adopted due to the limited number of study participants. The tools for data collection was midstream urine samples collected using sterile screw-capped universal containers, the instruments used in isolating the bacterial uropathogens, include Cysteine-Lactose Deficient (CLED) agar, MacConkey and Nutrient agar plates as well as a structured checklist in socio-demographic characteristics of the pregnant women. Descriptive statistics of frequency and percentage were used for data analysis and the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software was employed in the analytical process. Results from the study showed there was no significant association between age, parity, trimester of pregnancy, and the incidence of bacterial urinary tract infection among internally displaced pregnant women (P>0.05). However, religion was significantly associated with the incidence of bacterial urinary tract infection among internally displaced pregnant women (P<0.05).  The study concluded that there is an increasing incidence of bacterial urinary tract infections among internally displaced pregnant women linked to religious beliefs.  Based on the study findings, early routine screening of all internally pregnant women presenting or not presenting with clinical symptoms of urinary tract infection is recommended. The need for good personal and environmental hygiene to be encouraged in internally displaced persons’ camps. Keywords: Associated risk factors, Bacterial urinary tract infection, Internally Displaced Women, Camps, Niger Delta    

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