scholarly journals Morphometry of Occipital condyles: Implications for transcondylar approach to craniovertebral junction lesions

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 1224-1231
Author(s):  
Isaac Cheruiyot ◽  
Phillip Mwachaka ◽  
Hassan Saidi
Keyword(s):  
Craniovertebral Junction ◽  
Occipital Condyle ◽  
Transcondylar Approach ◽  
National Museums ◽  
Study Population ◽  
In Trans ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Occipital Condyles

Partial occipital condylectomies are commonly done in trans-condylar approach to craniovertebral junction lesions. Following such procedures, post-operative atlanto-occipital joint instability and hypoglossal nerve palsies have been reported and has been attributed to population-specific variations in the occipital condyle (OC) dimensions. Determination of these dimensions may aid in minimizing these complications. One hundred and four (104) OC from 52 skulls (27 males, 25 females) were obtained from the osteology department, National Museums of Kenya. Occipital condyle length (OCL), width (OCW), height (OCH), anterior (AID) and posterior (PID) intercondylar distances and the distance from posterior tip of OC to hypoglossal canal (HC) were obtained using a pair of digital Vernier calipers. The data obtained were entered into SPSS for analysis. The mean OCL, OCW and OCH were 20.59±2.05 mm, 12.23±1.28 mm and 8.65±1.08 mm respectively while AID and PID were 19.66±2.70 mm and 38.52±3.09 mm respectively. Moderate OC type was the most predominant (60.6%). Males and females had predominantly moderate and short OC type respectively (p=0.001). The HC was located 9.62±1.62 mm from the posterior tip of the OC. Males had significantly larger OCL (p<0.001), OCH (p=0.001), PID (p=0.002) and posterior tip of OC to HC distance (p=0.008). Our study population generally has smaller OC dimensions compared to other populations. Females had significantly smaller OCL, OCH, OC-HC distance and PID. Clinicians should therefore take this information into consideration during preoperative planning in craniovertebral junction surgeries among Kenyans and  particularly in females.Key Words: Occipital condyles, Morphometry, Transcondylar approach

scholarly journals Morphometric evaluation of occipital condyles for a safe transcondylar approach through skull base

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (02) ◽  
pp. 078-084
Author(s):  
Vijisha Phalgunan ◽  
Suresh Narayanan
Keyword(s):  
Skull Base ◽  
Posterior Margin ◽  
Occipital Condyle ◽  
Hypoglossal Canal ◽  
Transcondylar Approach ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Important Landmark ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Occipital Condyles ◽  
Morphometric Evaluation

Abstract Aims and Objectives: Occipital condyle is an important landmark in transcondylar approach for surgery of lesions ventral to the brainstem, hence it is imperative to understand the anatomical aspects of occipital condyle. The aim of the present study is to analyse the morphometrical aspects of occipital condyle and to highlight its importance in surgical resection. Materials and method: Hundred occipital condyles of fifty dry skulls were used for this study. Twenty-six parameters were measured. The measurements were made separately for right and left sides. Results: The mean length of occipital condyle was found to be 22.92mm. The distance between the intracranial orifice of the hypoglossal canal and the posterior margin of occipital condyle was 12.55±0.05mm. The commonest location of intracranial orifice and extracranial orifice of hypoglossal canal was found to be at location 3 and location 2 respectively. Occipital condyle was oval in most skulls. Conclusion: Occipital condyle can be safely drilled for a distance of 12 mm from the posterior margin before encountering the hypoglossal canal. Surgeons operating in this area must consider the variations of parameters of south Indian skulls.

scholarly journals Estimating Sex of Modern Greeks Based on the Foramen Magnum Region

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria-Eleni Chovalopoulou ◽  
Andreas Bertsatos
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Foramen Magnum ◽  
Occipital Condyle ◽  
Discriminant Functions ◽  
Human Skeletal Remains ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Modern Greek ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Occipital Condyles

Sex determination is one of the principal aims when examining human skeletal remains. One method for sex determination is based on metric criteria using discriminant functions. However, discriminant function sexing formulas are population-specific. In the present study, we determined the use of the foramen magnum as well as the occipital condyles for sex determination on adults from a modern Greek population. Seven parameters were examined (4 obtained from the foramen magnum; 3 obtained from the occipital condyles) and the sample consisted of 154 adult crania (77 males and 77 females). The results indicate that the foramen magnum region exhibits sexual dimorphism and the mean values for all parameters were higher in males than females. In comparison, the occipital condyles provide a higher determination of the correct sex than the foramen magnum. The combination of the occipital condyle variables allowed for the development of discriminant functions that predicted the correct sex in 74% of all cases. Finally, although other anatomical regions can discriminate the sexes with higher accuracy, the functions developed in this study could be cautiously used in cases of fragmented crania.

scholarly journals An investigation into the avoidability of drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Ibn-Mas’ud Danjuma ◽  
Lina Mohammad Ahmad Naseralallah ◽  
Bodoor AbouJabal ◽  
Mouhand Faisal Mohamed ◽  
Ibrahim Y. Abubeker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Reaction ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Dress Syndrome ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Systemic Symptoms ◽  
Larger Sample

AbstractDrug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome is a rising morbidity amongst hospitalized patients. Whilst clinical protocols for the management of individual DRESS cases have been well established, determination of potential prevention of these cases by utilizing novel “avoidability” tools has remained unexplored. This retrospective study reviewed records of patients who presented to the emergency department of Weill Cornell Medicine-affiliated Hamad General Hospital, Doha Qatar with suspected DRESS syndrome. These cases were independently adjudicated (utilizing the RegiSCAR, and JSCAR tools) as DRESS-drug pairs by a team of two clinical pharmacists and two General Physicians. They were then rated for potential avoidability with the Liverpool adverse drug reactions avoidability tool (LAAT) by the same team of raters. A total of 16 patients satisfied RegiSCAR criteria for DRESS syndrome. The mean age of the study population was 41.5 years (SD ± 13.3). The study population was predominantly male (n = 12; [75%]). The median latent period from drug ingestion to clinical presentation was 14 days (interquartile range [IQR] 6.5, 29). The median RegiSCAR and J-SCAR scores were 6 (IQR 5, 6.8), 5 (IQR 4, 5.8) respectively. Utilizing the LAAT, about 60% of the DRESS syndrome-drug pairs were rated as “avoidable” (“probable” or “definite”). The overall Krippendorf’s alpha with the LAAT was 0.81 (SE 0.10, CI 0.59–1.00); with an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.90 (CI 0.77, 0.96.). In a randomly selected cohort of DRESS syndrome-drug pairs, a significant proportion was potentially avoidable (“possibly” and “definitely”) utilizing the LAAT. This will need validation by larger sample-sized prospective studies utilizing the updated LAAT proposed by this study.

scholarly journals STUDY OF MORPHOMETRIC ANALYSIS OF FORAMEN MAGNUM IN DRY HUMAN SKULL AT SMS MEDICAL COLLEGE, JAIPUR, RAJASTHAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Krati Bhardwaj ◽  
Chandrakala Agarwal ◽  
Dhiraj Saxena ◽  
Jitendra Singh
Keyword(s):  
Craniovertebral Junction ◽  
Foramen Magnum ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Human Skull ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Medium Type ◽  
Skull Bones

Background: The present study was conducted for analysis of the morphometry shape and determination of sex by foramen Magnum. Methods: After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria 30 dried human skull of unknown age and sex were slected for present study from the Department of anatomy, S.M.S. Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan. In case of skull bones, all 30 cranial bases were visually assessed for FM shape classification. Each FM shape was classified into one of the 8 types: oval, egg, round, tetragonal, pentagonal, hexagonal, combination of 2 different semicircles and irregular. Results: The mean anteroposterior diameter of foramen magnum male and female skull bones were found to be 37.17±1.76 mm  and 33.92±3.50 mm respectively.The mean transverse diameter of foramen mgnum in male and female skull bones were found to be 29.49±2.68 mm and 29.38±2.47 mm respectively.The mean area of foramen magnum male and female skull bones were found to be 818.05±119.66 mm² and   847.57±105.85 mm² respectively.The mean index of foramen magnum in male and female skull bones were found to be 84.00±5.41 and 80.27±5.79 respectively.Overall skull bones showed a medium type of foramen magnum index . Conclusion: We concluded that the several anatomic parameters such as shape and dimensions of foramen magnum should be taken into consideration during surgery involving the craniovertebral junction. Also these can be used during forensic and anthropological investigation of unknown individuals for determining gender, ethnicity, etc Keywords: Skull, foramen magnum, skull.

scholarly journals Intraocular pressure following 18 hours of systemic dehydration in ocular normotensive healthy subjects

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Faustina K. Idu ◽  
Gladys O. George ◽  
Leonard F.O. Obika
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Baseline Measurement ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Applanation Tonometer ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean

Aim: To investigate the effect of dehydration on intraocular pressure (IOP). Subjects: The study population comprised 50 subjects (27 men and 23 women) with a mean age of 42.84 ± 2.64 years.Method: The subjects dehydrated for 18 hours. IOP was assessed in both eyes using the Perkins handheld applanation tonometer. Baseline measurement of IOP was taken before the subjects dehydrated for 18 hours and repeated after dehydration. Blood samples were taken before and after dehydration for the determination of plasma osmolality and plasma antidiuretic hormone (ADH) concentrations.Results: A statistically significant (p < 0.001) reduction in the mean weight of subjects occurred after dehydration. There was a significant reduction in IOP from 16.68 mmHg ± 0.32 mmHg to 13.08 mmHg ± 0.31 mmHg after dehydration (p < 0.001). Mean plasma osmolality showed a statistically significant increase (p < 0.05) from baseline of 290.02 mOsmol/kg ± 1.25 mOsmol/kg to 294.96 mOsmol/kg ± 1.33 mOsmol/kg after dehydration. There was also a significant increase (p < 0.05) in mean plasma ADH concentration from 5.36 pg/mL ± 0.21 pg/mL to 6.40 pg/mL ± 0.20 pg/mL after dehydration. There were no significant differences in both systolic and diastolic blood pressures before and after dehydration.Conclusion: Dehydration decreases IOP in healthy humans; this decrease probably results from an increase in plasma osmolality and plasma ADH concentrations.

scholarly journals Establishment of a new relationship between posed smile width and lower facial height: A cross-sectional study

2015 ◽  
Vol 09 (03) ◽  
pp. 394-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aby Abraham ◽  
Jinu George ◽  
Elbe Peter ◽  
Koshi Philip ◽  
Rajesh Chankramath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Facial Height ◽  
The Face ◽  
Facial Proportions ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACT Objective: The present study is intended to add a new parameter that would be useful in orthodontic clinical evaluation, treatment planning, and determination of vertical dimension (at occlusion). Materials and Methods: Standardized videographic recording of 79 subjects during posed smile was captured. Each video was then cut into 30 photos using the free studio software. The widest commissure-to-commissure posed smile frame (posed smile width [SW]) was selected as one of 10 or more frames showing an identical smile. Lower third of the face is measured from subnasale to soft tissue menton using a digital vernier caliper. Two values were then compared. Ratio between lower facial height and posed SW was calculated. Results: The co-relation between smiling width and lower facial height was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.01). The ratio of lower facial height and smiling width was calculated as 1.0016 with a standard deviation (SD) = 0.04 in males and 1.0301 with an SD = 0.07 in females. The difference between the mean lower facial height in males and females was statistically significant with a t = 10.231 and P = 0.000. The difference between the mean smiling width in males and females was also statistically significant with a t = 5.653 and P = 0.000. Conclusion: In class I subjects with pleasing appearance, normal facial proportions, normal overjet and overbite, and average Frankfort mandibular angle, the lower facial height (subnasale to soft tissue menton) is equal to posed SW.

scholarly journals The Haemoglobin Concentration of Normal English Males and Females

1933 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Jenkins ◽  
C. S. D. Don
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Experimental Accuracy ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Made In

The determination of the mean normal haemoglobin concentration has re ceived more attention in America than in this country. Recently Price-Jones (1931) has compared the values in London with those found in America. He used the Haldane haemoglobinometer and his results are as accurate as is possible having regard to the method employed. In America his results were 3 percent. above those of the Haldane gas analysis apparatus (1901) by which theclinical instrument is supposed to be calibrated. Twenty comparisons were made in America and showed that the Haldane gas apparatus gave results averaging 2·6 per cent. below those of the Van Slyke apparatus. Price-Jones considers this to have no statistical significance. From the standpoint of experimental accuracy the difference is appreciable, as all methods for the measurement of oxygen combined with Hb are essentially pragmatic.

scholarly journals VarioGuide® frameless neuronavigation-guided stereoelectroencephalography in adult epilepsy patients: technique, accuracy and clinical experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 163 (5) ◽  
pp. 1355-1364
Author(s):  
Barbara Ladisich ◽  
Lukas Machegger ◽  
Alexander Romagna ◽  
Herbert Krainz ◽  
Jürgen Steinbacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Target Point ◽  
Epileptogenic Zone ◽  
Safe Alternative ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Drug Resistant Epilepsy ◽  
Good Risk

Abstract Background Stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) allows the identification of deep-seated seizure foci and determination of the epileptogenic zone (EZ) in drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) patients. We evaluated the accuracy and treatment-associated morbidity of frameless VarioGuide® (VG) neuronavigation-guided depth electrode (DE) implantations. Methods We retrospectively identified all consecutive adult DRE patients, who underwent VG-neuronavigation DE implantations, between March 2013 and April 2019. Clinical data were extracted from the electronic patient charts. An interdisciplinary team agreed upon all treatment decisions. We performed trajectory planning with iPlan® Cranial software and DE implantations with the VG system. Each electrode’s accuracy was assessed at the entry (EP), the centre (CP) and the target point (TP). We conducted correlation analyses to identify factors associated with accuracy. Results The study population comprised 17 patients (10 women) with a median age of 32.0 years (range 21.0–54.0). In total, 220 DEs (median length 49.3 mm, range 25.1–93.8) were implanted in 21 SEEG procedures (range 3–16 DEs/surgery). Adequate signals for postoperative SEEG were detected for all but one implanted DEs (99.5%); in 15/17 (88.2%) patients, the EZ was identified and 8/17 (47.1%) eventually underwent focus resection. The mean deviations were 3.2 ± 2.4 mm for EP, 3.0 ± 2.2 mm for CP and 2.7 ± 2.0 mm for TP. One patient suffered from postoperative SEEG-associated morbidity (i.e. conservatively treated delayed bacterial meningitis). No mortality or new neurological deficits were recorded. Conclusions The accuracy of VG-SEEG proved sufficient to identify EZ in DRE patients and associated with a good risk-profile. It is a viable and safe alternative to frame-based or robotic systems.

scholarly journals Gender Determination with Ischiopubic Index and Upper Pelvic Index in Iranian Adult Radiographic Stereotypes

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Ahmadi Kahjoogh ◽  
Maryam Vasheghani Farahani ◽  
Babak Shekarchi ◽  
Beheshteh Abouhamzeh ◽  
Mahdi Isazadeh
Keyword(s):  
Adult Population ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Imaging Center ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Female Subjects

Background: Different parts of the skeletal system have been studied in different studies to determine gender. The pelvis is one of the most important skeletal components for the determination of gender and identification of humans. Objectives: The current study aimed to determine gender using the ischiopubic index and upper pelvic index in the adult population of Iran. Methods: In this study, 140 individuals (70 male and 70 female subjects) referring to Athari Imaging Center in Tehran, Iran, for various medical reasons entered the study by giving written and oral consent using the convenience sampling method. Measurements were performed on digital anteroposterior pelvic radiographs (with standard conditions and radiographic stencil distance from the light source as 100 cm). The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 22). Results: The mean ischemic index of the whole population was 108.88 ± 13.75. The difference in the ischiopubic index between male and female subjects was significant (P < 0.05). The mean upper pelvic index of the whole study population was 81.70 ± 10.09; however, the difference in the upper pelvic index between the two groups of male and female subjects was not significant (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The pelvic ischemic index in Iranian women is higher than that reported for men. If the ischiopubic index is higher than 103, with 93% sensitivity and 73% specificity, it would be female. According to the study of graphs, if there is a special identity for diagnosis, there will be the possibility to match the graph before the death of the individual with the graph taken from skeletal remains.

scholarly journals Computed Tomography-Based Occipital Condyle Morphometry in an Indian Population to Assess the Feasibility of Condylar Screws for Occipitocervical Fusion

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 847-853 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Srivastava ◽  
Geetanjali Nanda ◽  
Rajat Mahajan ◽  
Ankur Nanda ◽  
Nirajana Mishra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Occipital Condyle ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Ct Data ◽  
The Right ◽  
Occipital Condyles ◽  
Ethnic Variations

<sec><title>Study Design</title><p>A retrospective computed tomography (CT)-based morphometric study of 82 occipital condyles in the Indian population, focusing on critical morphometric dimensions with relation to placing condylar screws.</p></sec><sec><title>Purpose</title><p>This study focused on determining the feasibility of placing occipital condylar screws in an Indian population using CT anatomical morphometric data.</p></sec><sec><title>Overview of Literature</title><p>The occipital condylar screw is a novel technique being explored as one of the options in occipitocervical stabilization. Sex and ethnic variations in anatomical structures may restrict the feasibility of this technique in some populations. To the best of our knowledge, there are no CT-based data on an Indian population that assess the feasibility of occipital condylar screws.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>We measured the dimensions of 82 occipital condyles in 41 adults on coronal, sagittal, and axial reconstructed CT images. The differences were noted between the right and left sides and also between males and females. Statistical analysis was performed using the <italic>t</italic>-test, with a <italic>p</italic>-value of &lt;0.05 considered significant.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Mean sagittal length and height were 17.2±1.7 mm and 9.1±1.5 mm, respectively. Mean condylar angle/screw angle was 38.0°±5.5° from midline, with mean condylar length and width of 19.6±2.6 mm and 9.5±1.0 mm, respectively. Average coronal height on the anterior and posterior hypoglossal canal was 10.8±1.4 mm and 9.0±1.4 mm, respectively. The values in females were significantly lower than those in males, except for screw angle and condylar width. Based on Lin et al.'s proposed criteria, eight of 82 condyles were not suitable for condylar screws.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>Preliminary CT morphometry data of the occipital condyle shows that condylar screws are anatomically feasible in a large portion of the Indian population. However, because a small number of population may not be suitable for this technique, meticulous study of preoperative anatomy using detailed CT data is advised.</p></sec>

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