scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity and phytochemistry of methanolic stem bark extract of Melia azedarach (Linn.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 407-411
Author(s):  
M. Ahmed ◽  
A.H. Bukar ◽  
M.Y. Amuda ◽  
A. Babagana
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Melia Azedarach ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

The use of traditional medicine is increasing and gaining popularity throughout the developed and developing countries. About 80 % of the people in developing countries rely on traditional medicine for primary health care. The present study was carried out to evaluate the phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of the stem bark of Melia azedarach extracted using methanol as solvent. Phytochemical screening revealed that methanolic stem bark extract contain alkaloid, cardiac glycoside, flavonoids, saponins, steroid, tannin and terpenoid. Antimicrobial efficiency were tested against four human pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus spp. The diameter of zone of inhibition (ZOI) was measured and it was found that the extract showed a maximum zone of inhibition against Gram negative and Gram positive pathogens and the zone of inhibition was found to be concentration dependent. The result obtained in this study may be indication that alcoholic extracts of this plant could be a possible source of obtaining new and effective herbal medicine to treat infections which justify the ethno    medicinal uses of Melia azedarach against infectious diseases agents.  Key words: Melia azedarach, antimicrobial, activity, traditional medicine, extract

scholarly journals Drosophila parabss Flies as a Screening Model for Traditional Medicine: Anticonvulsant Effects of Annona senegalensis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel S. Dare ◽  
Emiliano Merlo ◽  
Jesus Rodriguez Curt ◽  
Peter E. Ekanem ◽  
Nan Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Intractable Epilepsy ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Treatment Of Epilepsy ◽  
Custard Apple ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
New Treatments ◽  
And Control

Epilepsy is among the most common serious neurological disorders and affects around 50 million people worldwide, 80% of which live in developing countries. Despite the introduction of several new Anti-Epileptic Drugs (AEDs) in the last two decades, one third of treated patients have seizures refractory to pharmacotherapy. This highlights the need to develop new treatments with drugs targeting alternative seizure-induction mechanisms. Traditional medicine (TM) is used for the treatment of epilepsy in many developing countries and could constitute an affordable and accessible alternative to AEDs, but a lack of pre-clinical and clinical testing has so far prevented its wider acceptance worldwide. In this study we used Drosophila melanogaster paralyticbangsensitive(parabss) mutants as a model for epileptic seizure screening and tested, for the first time, the anti-seizure effect of a non-commercial AED. We evaluated the effect of the African custard-apple, Annona senegalensis, which is commonly used as a TM for the treatment of epilepsy in rural Africa, and compared it with the classical AED phenytoin. Our results showed that a stem bark extract from A. senegalensis was significantly more effective than a leaf extract and similar to phenytoin in the prevention and control of seizure-like behavior. These results support that Drosophila constitutes a robust animal model for the screening of TM with potential value for the treatment of intractable epilepsy.

scholarly journals Isolation of Epicatechin from the Stem Bark of Neocarya macrophylla (Sabine) Prance (Chrysobalanaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-107
Author(s):  
A.J. Yusuf ◽  
M.I. Abdullahi ◽  
A.M. Musa ◽  
A.K. Haruna ◽  
V. Mzozoyana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
2D Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Chemical Test ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Existing Data

Neocarya macrophylla has a wide range of medicinal uses in traditional medicine. The aim of the study was to isolate and characterize compound from the stem bark of the plant. (-)-Epicatechin (a flavan-3-ol) was isolated from the ethylacetate soluble fraction of the methanol stem bark extract of the plant using a combination of silica gel and sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. The structure of the compound as (-)-epicatechin was confirmed on the basis of chemical test, 1D- & 2D-NMR spectroscopy and comparison with existing data in literature. This is the first report of isolation of epicatechin from the stem bark of the plant. Keywords: Neocarya macrophylla, stem bark, (-)-Epicatechin, NMR analysis

scholarly journals Bioactive Steroid and Triterpenoids from Bridelia stipularis (L) Blume

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-225
Author(s):  
Adeeba Anjum ◽  
Md Zakir Sultan ◽  
Md Al Amin Sikder ◽  
Choudhury M Hasan ◽  
Muhammad Abdullah Al Mansoor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Inhibition Of Growth ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Strong Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Lc50 And Lc90

Fractionation and purification of stem bark extract of Bridelia stipularis growing in Bangladesh afforded glut-5(6)-en-3-one (1), glut-5(6)-en-3?-ol (2), and (22E)-7-hydroxy-28-methylcholesta-4,22-dien-3-one (3). Compound 3 appears to be new, while compounds 1 and 2 have never been reported from this plant. The isolated compounds isolated exhibited cytotoxic activity against brine shrimp nauplii having significant LC50 and LC90 and moderate to strong antimicrobial activity against 13 Gram positive and Gram negative bacterial strains and 3 fungi. Here, compound 1 demonstrated highest inhibition of growth of microorganisms with zone of inhibition of 22.7 mm against Escherichia coli and compound 2 displayed zone of inhibition of 20.8 mm against Candida albicans. Compounds 1-2 also revealed moderate free radical scavenging activity in the DPPH method.Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 15(2): 221-225, 2016 (December)

scholarly journals Evaluation of antimicrobial activity and phytochemical composition of some fractions of methanol stem bark extract of Diospyros mespiliformis

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
H.M.G. Abubaka ◽  
H Usman ◽  
Y Karumi
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Column Fraction ◽  
Phytochemical Composition ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Micro Organisms

The aim of this study was to determine the active phytochemical(s) most probably responsible for microbial inhibitions, following a bioassay guided protocol. Column chromatographic fractions (AG) obtained from n-Butanol partitioned portion of stem bark extract of Diospyros mespiliformis were analyzed for phytochemical composition. These were subjected to antimicrobial activity tests on clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Candida albicans. Phytochemical screening conducted on the column fraction E revealed the presence of tannins, free anthraquinones, cardiac glycosides, saponins, terpenoids, and flavonoids. The anti-microbial test results from fractions A, B, F and G, obtained showed no inhibition against most of the micro-organisms tested, while fractions C, D and E showed significant (P<0.05) activities with diameters of inhibition zone of inhibition ranging from 15.00±1.00 mm to 13.00±6.67 mm against Streptococcus pyogenes at all the concentrations tested (50, 12.5, 6.25 mg/ml equivalent to 3, 1.5 and 0.75 mg/disc). The column fraction E showed the highest inhibition zones with broader concentration dependent pattern with MIC at 12.5 mg/ml. The findings from this study showed the presence of bio-active components against Streptococcus pyogenes with relative higher potency in fraction E. Based on this findings, it can be surmised that Fraction E with significant dose-dependent activity is expected to revealed a potent broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent and thus recommended for further purification stages towards compound(s) isolation of a novel antimicrobial agent.Keywords: Antimicrobial, Diospyros mespiliformis, Phytochemical, Potency, Stem Bark

scholarly journals Antibacterial activities of sawdust and stem bark of Sasswood tree (Erythrophleum suaveolens, Guill. & Perr. Brenan, 1917) extracts against selected wood bacteria

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-61
Author(s):  
D.O. Ekhuemelo ◽  
C. Ekhuemelo ◽  
E.T. Tembe
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Hexane Extracts ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

This study assessed the antibacterial properties of sawdust and stem bark of Erythrophleum suaveolens extracts on selected wood bacteria. Erythrophleum suaveolens samples were collected, dried and macerated by dissolving 1 Kg and 0.60 Kg of stem bark and sawdust respectively into 1 L of n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol. Sporfloxacin ciprofloxacin and cefuroxine antibiotics were used as control. The mixture was left for 24 hours then filtered and the filtrates evaporated to dryness. Qualitative phytochemical screening, zone of inhibition, minimum inhibitory and Bactericidal Concentrations (MIC/MBC) were determined according to standard methods. Tannins, steroids, saponins, glycosides, flavonoids, carbohydrates anthraquinones and alkaloids phytochemicals were present in E. suaveolens extracts. Zone of inhibition (32 – 37 mm) of antibiotics on test bacteria compared favourably with 17 – 24 mm of E. suaveolens extracts. Erythrophleum suaveolens ethyl acetate and methanol E. suaveolens extracts inhibited Staphylolococus aureus, Ralstonia solanacearum, Proteus mirabilis, Enterococcus faecium and Acidobacterium capsulatum growth at MIC of 10 mg/mL and n-hexane extracts at 20 mg/mL. At MBC of 20 mg/mL methanol stem bark extract completely killed most test bacteria. Methanol extracts were the most active extracts. The study has shown that E. suaveolens extracts can be explored in the control of plant diseases caused by test bacteria in the study. Key words: Antibacterial, E. suaveolens, extract, phytochemicals, zone of inhibition

scholarly journals Antioxidant and hepatoprotective potentials of miliusa velutina stem bark extract

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. First
Author(s):  
Đái Thị Xuân Trang ◽  
Hieu Le Trung Bui ◽  
Linh Chi Tran ◽  
Danh Thai Luu ◽  
Tuan Trong Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Hepatoprotective Effect ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

Miliusa velutina (MV) stem bark has various medicinal uses, but its hepatoprotective effect has not yet been studied. This study investigated the antioxidant and hepatoprotective activity of the ethanol extract of MV stem bark against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury. The ethanol extract of MV stem bark was evaluated for in vitro antioxidant activity which exhibited good antioxidant activity in terms of ferric reducing-antioxidant power assay (EC50, FRAP=4.04±0.00 µg/mL), total antioxidant capacity assay (EC50, TAC=8.73±1.08 µg/mL) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (EC50, DPPH=9.33±0.07 µg/mL) radical scavenging assay. Mice were pretreated with CCl4 (2.5 mL/kg body wight per day) in 4 consecutive weeks. After one hour taking CCl4 by oral administration, mice were treated with the ethanol stem bark extract of MV at various concentrations of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight. The MV stem bark at the dose of 400 mg/kg body weight effectively reduced the level of alanine transaminase (38±6.78 U/L) and aspartate transaminase (AST) in serum. Besides, the MV stem bark at the dose 400 mg/kg body weight reduced the malondialdehyde (3.12±1,19 nM MDA/g tissue) level, and increased the activity of reduced glutathione (896.21±22.69 nM GSH/g tissue) in liver. The observation of the microscopic cross section of liver tissue also revealed that the mice treated with stem bark extract of MV at the dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight had significantly improvement in liver tissues compared to the non-treated control group. Histological analyses of the MV-treated group exhibited reducing inflammatory process and preventing liver necrosis and fibrosis. In summary, the hepatoprotective effect of MV stem bark was seemingly associated with its antioxidant activity.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Study of Oil and Stem Bark Extracts of Pentaclethra Macrophylla Benth on Six Selected Pathogens

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
A. M. Yusuf Babatunde ◽  
L. S. Kasim ◽  
Adegbite A. Ayoade
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Haemolytic Streptococcus ◽  
Stem Bark Extract ◽  
Oil Extract

The antimicrobial activity of oil and stem bark extracts of pentaclethra macrophylla benth was determined against staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pneumonia, Eschericia coli, Haemophilus influenza, α-Haemolytic Streptococcus and Yeast, using hole diffusion method. The results revealed that the most inhibitory zone (25.0mm) was recorded in hexane oil extract against staphylococcus aureus and α-Haemolytic Streptococcus. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the oil extract ranges between 7.8125-62.5mg/ml on all the test organisms and aqueous stem bark extract inhibited only Eschericia coli with minimum, inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 62.5mg/ml. However, the oil extract possessed more antimicrobial activity than the stem bark extract. These findings lend more knowledge to the use of pentaclethra macrophylla benth for medicinal purposes.  

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