scholarly journals Toxic Effects of Different Doses of Cyclophosphamide on Liver and Kidney Tissue in Swiss Albino Mice: A Histopathological Study

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nandini Bhat ◽  
Sneha Guruprasad Kalthur ◽  
Supriya Padmashali ◽  
Vidya Monappa
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Test Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Regimen ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Albino Mice

BACKGROUND: Cyclophosphamide (CPA) is an anti- cancer drug, used in chemotherapy. This is a toxic drug which targets the cancer cells and also the normal cells of the body. The original compound is inactive in vitro and exercises its biologic action through metabolites, chiefly phosphoramide mustard. The objective is to study the harmful effects of this drug on liver and kidney tissues.METHODS: To study the effect of cyclophosphamide on histology of liver and kidney, 40 adult male mice were taken and divided into two groups: control and test. Those in the test group were injected with the drug at doses of 100, 200, 250 mg/kg body weight. They were then sacrificed on day 7, 28 and 42. The liver and kidney tissue was processed, sectioned and stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin.RESULTS: Pathological changes were seen in the tissue within 7 days in high doses and after 28 days in low doses. As the dosage and the days administered increased, the changes were prominently seen and widespread. Pathology ranging from mild infiltration to necrosis and finally cytolysis were seen in liver and kidney tissue.CONCLUSION: Our study has demonstrated the effect of a progressive increase in dosage of cyclophosphamide in albino mice, and pathological alterations were observed in histology of liver and kidney by sequentially increasing both the dosage and duration of treatment. Subsequently, regular monitoring of liver and kidney function tests in patients undergoing chemotherapeutic regimen with administration of ahepato and nephroprotective agent becomes vital. 

scholarly journals Deleterious effects of exposure to sodium bromate on some female mice tissues: الآثار الضارة للتعرض لبرومات الصوديوم على بعض أنسجة إناث الفئران

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Ibrahim Alothman, Amal Khadran Alzahrani, Alanoud Abdu
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Chromatin Condensation ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Central Vein ◽  
Sodium Bromate ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Albino Mice

There are two ways, first, during the sterilization of Bro3 bromate is an anion of the element bromine has the formula of water ozone and the second addition of bromate during manufacturing, we tried through this research to shed light on the substance bromate and its risk to human health by studying the changes in some of the tissues of mice as a result of exposure to bromate by Drinking water and the use of this research (30) of female albino mice albino mice The animals were distributed in special cages with feeding bottles to drink water in a room that is ventilated subject to natural factors and provided the animal with the appropriate food. The average age of the body was 60 grams. Bromate was obtained from SATEC and the animals were divided into control groups. Five female mice were given normal drinking water. The treated group included 15 female mice were given sodium bromate at a dose. 200 mg/ kg bw in drinking water for 2 weeks after which the mice were anesthetized and dissected and liver and kidney samples were taken from female mice and kept in 10% neutral formalin solution to make tissue sections. The results showed several histological changes in the liver, such as congestion of the central vein, widening of the sinuses, the appearance of signs of death for most hepatocytes, such as cloud swelling, chromatin condensation of some nuclei, infiltration of the central vein and invasion of inflammatory cells around the central vein. With the death and decomposition of most of the tubules with tightness in the lumen of these tubules and closed some of them and expansion and infiltration in others and bleeding inside the tissue with the emergence of death and decomposition of most of the tubules cells. We conclude from this study that exposure to bromate led to a lot of damage to the liver and kidney tissue, and the kidney was more effective than the liver because the bromate pass on the kidney through the blood, which leads to the damage of kidney cells "nephrons" This proves the toxicity of the bromate of the kidney and its ability to cause Kidney failure.  

scholarly journals Efficacy of Caffeic Acid on Diabetes and Its Complications in the Mouse

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3262
Author(s):  
Nada Oršolić ◽  
Damir Sirovina ◽  
Dyana Odeh ◽  
Goran Gajski ◽  
Vedran Balta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Caffeic Acid ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
Atherogenic Indices ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Hematological And Biochemical Parameters

Diabetic dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia contribute to excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, leading to deleterious complications, such as nephropathy, atherosclerosis and cardiac dysfunction, and target major organs in the body. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of caffeic acid (CA) on mouse weight and survival, serum level of fasting blood glucose (FBG), serum lipid parameters and atherogenic indices, oxidative damage in blood, liver and kidney tissue, pathophysiological changes and their function markers in healthy and alloxan-induced type 1 diabetic mice. Diabetes was induced in mice with a single intravenous injection of alloxan (75 mg kg−1). Two days later, CA (50 mg kg−1) was given intraperitoneally for seven days in diabetic mice. Diabetes affected glucose level, lipid profile, hematological and biochemical parameters, induced DNA damage and apoptotic/necrotic death in whole blood cells, liver and kidney, leading to weight loss and a decreased lifespan. CA treatment of diabetic mice revealed a protective effect on the liver and kidney, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic properties and high protection against atherogenic outcomes. The obtained results suggest that CA is a safe and potent agent against diabetes that acts as an effective antioxidant in reducing serum glucose, lipid profile and atherogenic indices, leading to increased lifespan in mice.

scholarly journals Prophylactic effect of vitamin E against hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, haematological indices and histopathology induced by diazinon insecticide in mice

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahla S. El-Shenawy ◽  
Rasha A. Al-Eisa ◽  
Fawzia El-Salmy ◽  
Omema Salah
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
The Body ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Haematological Indices

Abstract Considering that the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been implicated in the toxicity of various pesticides, this study was designed to study the ameliorative effect of Vitamin E (100 mg/kg body weight) on mice (25 - 30 mg) treated with diazinon (32.5 or 16.25 mg/kg body weight) organophosphate insecticide for 14 days. Subchronic DZN exposure and the protective effects of vitamins E (vitE) were evaluated for their effects on haematological indices, the enzymes concerning liver damage [plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotaransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatise (AIP), and some parameters of kidney function (urea and creatinine) in mice. Additionally, the histopathological changes in liver and kidney tissue were examined. The high dose of diazinon (DZNH) decreased the body weight significantly at the end of experiment. Additionally, the liver and kidney were examines for histopathological changes. The high dose of diazinon decreased body weight significantly. Moreover, there was a statistically significant decrease in haemoglobin (Hb), red blood cell (RBC) and hematocrit (Hct) in diazinon-treated mice compared to controls. This decrease was partially remedied in the diazinon-treated group that also received vitE. Damage in the liver and kidney tissues was also evident as elevated plasma ALT, AST, ALP, urea and creatinine. VitE partially counteracts the toxic effect of DZN and repairs tissue damage in the liver and kidney, especially when supplemented to 1/4 LD50 intoxicated animals. Histopathological changes in liver and kidney were observed only in 32.5 mg/kg DZN given group. These results suggest that the effects of DZN are dose dependent. No pathological findings were observed in vitE + DZN treated groups. According to the present study, we conclude that vitE can reduce the detrimental impacts of diazinon on haematological indicies, as well as liver and kidney function.

scholarly journals Lithocholic bile acid induces apoptosis in human nephroblastoma cells: a non-selective treatment option

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian Trah ◽  
Jonas Arand ◽  
Jun Oh ◽  
Laia Pagerols-Raluy ◽  
Magdalena Trochimiuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Cell Lines ◽  
Wilms Tumor ◽  
Control Cell ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Selective Treatment

AbstractLithocholic bile acid (LCA) has been reported to selectively kill cancer cells within many tumor cell lines including neuroblastoma or glioblastoma. Wilms’ tumor shares similarities with neuro- and glioblastoma. Hence, the aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of LCA on nephroblastoma. To test the effects of LCA, nephroblastoma cell line WT CLS1 was used. SK NEP1 was tested as well. It was originally classified as a nephroblastoma cell line but was meanwhile reclassified as an ewing sarcoma cell line. As control cell lines HEK 293 from embryonic kidney and RC 124 from adult kidney tissue as well as podocytes were used. The effects were evaluated using proliferation assay, caspase activity assay, FACS and Western blot. LCA showed a dose and time-dependent selective effect inducing apoptosis in nephroblastoma cells. However, these effects were not limited to the nephroblastoma cell line but also affected control kidney cell lines and the sarcoma cells; only podocytes are significantly less affected by LCA (at dosages < 200 µm). There were no significant differences regarding the TGR5 receptor expression. The study showed that LCA has a strong, yet unselective effect on all used in vitro cell-lines, sparing the highly differentiated podocytes in lower concentrations. Further studies are needed to verify our results before dismissing LCA as an anti-cancer drug.

A model of chlorpyrifos distribution and its biochemical effects on the liver and kidneys of rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (9) ◽  
pp. 991-1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
EM Tanvir ◽  
R Afroz ◽  
MAZ Chowdhury ◽  
SH Gan ◽  
N Karim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Kidney Function ◽  
Test Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Biochemical Indices

This study investigated the main target sites of chlorpyrifos (CPF), its effect on biochemical indices, and the pathological changes observed in rat liver and kidney function using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Adult female Wistar rats ( n = 12) were randomly assigned into two groups (one control and one test group; n = 6 each). The test group received CPF via oral gavage for 21 days at 5 mg/kg daily. The distribution of CPF was determined in various organs (liver, brain, heart, lung, kidney, ovary, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle), urine and stool samples using GCMS. Approximately 6.18% of CPF was distributed in the body tissues, and the highest CPF concentration (3.80%) was found in adipose tissue. CPF also accumulated in the liver (0.29%), brain (0.22%), kidney (0.10%), and ovary (0.03%). Approximately 83.60% of CPF was detected in the urine. CPF exposure resulted in a significant increase in plasma transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, and total bilirubin levels, a significant reduction in total protein levels and an altered lipid profile. Oxidative stress due to CPF administration was also evidenced by a significant increase in liver malondialdehyde levels. The detrimental effects of CPF on kidney function consisted of a significant increase in plasma urea and creatinine levels. Liver and kidney histology confirmed the observed biochemical changes. In conclusion, CPF bioaccumulates over time and exerts toxic effects on animals.

scholarly journals Angiogenesis Inhibition in Prostate Cancer: An Update

Cancers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandrani Sarkar ◽  
Sandeep Goswami ◽  
Sujit Basu ◽  
Debanjan Chakroborty
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Antiangiogenic Therapy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Inappropriate Drug ◽  
Antiangiogenic Agents ◽  
Angiogenic Growth Factors ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Angiogenesis Inhibition

Prostate cancer (PCa), like all other solid tumors, relies on angiogenesis for growth, progression, and the dissemination of tumor cells to other parts of the body. Despite data from in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies, as well as human specimen studies indicating the crucial role played by angiogenesis in PCa, angiogenesis inhibition in clinical settings has not shown significant benefits to patients, thus challenging the inclusion and usefulness of antiangiogenic agents for the treatment of PCa. However, one of the apparent reasons why these antiangiogenic agents failed to meet expectations in PCa can be due to the choice of the antiangiogenic agents, because the majority of these drugs target vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGFA) and its receptors. The other relevant causes might be inappropriate drug combinations, the duration of treatment, and the method of endpoint determination. In this review, we will first discuss the role of angiogenesis in PCa growth and progression. We will then summarize the different angiogenic growth factors that influence PCa growth dynamics and review the outcomes of clinical trials conducted with antiangiogenic agents in PCa patients and, finally, critically assess the current status and fate of antiangiogenic therapy in this disease.

scholarly journals Emerging Technologies of Polymeric Nanoparticles in Cancer Drug Delivery

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Brewer ◽  
Jason Coleman ◽  
Anthony Lowman
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cancer Drug ◽  
Delivery Methods ◽  
Tunable Release ◽  
Smart Technologies ◽  
Multiple Drugs

Polymeric nanomaterials have the potential to improve upon present chemotherapy delivery methods. They successfully reduce side effects while increasing dosage, increase residence time in the body, offer a sustained and tunable release, and have the ability to deliver multiple drugs in one carrier. However, traditional nanomaterial formulations have not produced highly therapeutic formulations to date due to their passive delivery methods and lack of rapid drug release at their intended site. In this paper, we have focused on a few “smart” technologies that further enhance the benefits of typical nanomaterials. Temperature and pH-responsive drug delivery devices were reviewed as methods for triggering release of encapsulating drugs, while aptamer and ligand conjugation were discussed as methods for targeted and intracellular delivery, with emphases onin vitroandin vivoworks for each method.

scholarly journals ISOTONICITY OF LIVER AND OF KIDNEY TISSUE IN SOLUTIONS OF ELECTROLYTES

1959 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugene L. Opie
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
The Body ◽  
Solutions Of Electrolytes ◽  
Mammalian Liver ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Osmotic Activity

Solutions of a wide variety of electrolytes, isotonic with liver or with kidney tissue, have approximately the same osmotic pressure as solutions of sodium chloride isotonic with tissues of the two organs respectively; that is, with solutions approximately twice as concentrated as the sodium chloride of mammalian blood plasma. The molar concentration of various electrolytes isotonic with liver or with kidney tissue immediately after its removal from the body is determined by the molecular weight, valency, and ion-dissociation of these electrolytes in accordance with the well known conditions of osmosis. The plasma membranes of liver and of kidney cells are imperfectly semipermeable to electrolytes, and those that enter the cell, though retarded in so doing, bring about injury which increases permeability to water. The osmotic activity of cells of mammalian liver and kidney immediately after their removal from the body resembles that of plant cells, egg cells of marine invertebrates, and mammalian red blood corpuscles and presumably represents a basic property of living cells by which osmotic pressure may be adjusted to functional need.

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