scholarly journals Effect of Chronic Administration of Aqueous Leaves Extract of Moringa Stenopetala on Blood Parameters and Histology of Liver and Kidney in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fikre Bayu ◽  
Mekbeb Afework ◽  
Bekesho Geleta ◽  
Wondwossen Ergete ◽  
Eyasu Makonnen
Keyword(s):  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Moringa Stenopetala ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Hematological And Biochemical Parameters

BACKGROUND: Moringa stenopetala is used as nourishments, and treatment of various diseases. However, there is no much information on its safety. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the chronic administration of aqueous leaves extract of the plant.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four rats were divided into: a control group administered with distilled water and three experimental groups, respectively, administered with the extract at doses of 500, 1000, and 2000 mg/kg orally for six months were investigated. Various hematological and biochemical parameters followed by histopathological analysis were evaluated.RESULTS: Treatment with the extract did not significantly affect most of the hematological parameters. However, there were a significant decrease of MCH at doses of 1000 mg/kg and 2000 mg/kg in male rats and increase of MCV at all doses in female rats. Levels of ALP at 2000 mg/kg and those of AST and ALT at 1000 and 2000 mg/kg were significantly increased in male rats. Furthermore, significant decrease in urea and increase in creatinine levels at the dose of 2000 mg/kg occurred in female rats. Mild histopathological changes were also observed in the liver of male rats and kidney of female rats treated with the extract, respectively at doses of 1000 and 2000 mg/kg, and 2000 mg/kg.CONCLUSION: Findings from the present study suggest that prolonged administration of extract of Moringa stenopetala at therapeutic doses is safe, but shows sign of mild toxicity as dose increases, with differential effect on male verses female rats.

Toxicological evaluation of hydroethanol leaf extract of Pupalia lappacea (Linn.) Juss. (Amaranthaceae) in rodents

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Murtala Akanji Abdullahi ◽  
Elijah Oladapo Oyinloye ◽  
Akinyinka Alabi ◽  
Aderonke Adeyinka Aderinola ◽  
Luqman Opeyemi Ogunjimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Serum Testosterone Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Toxicological Evaluation ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Abstract Objectives Several studies have established the ethnobotanical benefits of Pupalia lappacea (PL) in laboratory animals without extensive toxicological evaluation of its safety profiles. Thus, an extensive toxicological investigation of sub-chronic oral administration of the hydroethanol leaf extract of P. lappacea in rodents was carried out in this study. Methods Different groups of rats were treated orally with the extract (10, 50 and 250 mg/kg) daily for 90 consecutive days. The control group received distilled water (10 mL/kg). After 90 days, some rats were left for additional 30 days without treatment for reversibility study. Blood and organs samples were collected for different evaluations at the end of study periods. Results The extract decreased the bodyweights, feeding and water intakes in female rats. PL increased the weights of the liver and kidney in male rats. PL increased the red blood cell (RBC), packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin (Hb), triglycerides (TRIG), cholesterol and high density lipoprotein (HDL) contents in rats. PL (250 mg/kg) significantly reduced the sperm motility and serum testosterone level. Cyto-architectural distortions of the testes, liver and spleen were visible. Conclusions The findings showed that P. lappacea is relatively safe at lower doses but cautions should be taken at higher dose.

scholarly journals Acute and sub-acute toxicity of the aqueous extract of the stem bark of Rauwolfia vomitoria (Apocynaceae) in Wistar rats.

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-385
Author(s):  
Youmbie Djanche Duplex Bonheur ◽  
Dzeufiet Djomeni Paul Désiré ◽  
Kada Sanda Antoine ◽  
Fotsing David ◽  
Dimo Théophile
Keyword(s):  
Histological Examination ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Acute Oral Toxicity ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Liver And Kidney

The present study investigated the toxicological potential of the oral administration of the stem bark aqueous extract of R. vomitoria on the liver and kidney in rats. Acute oral toxicity study of the extract to a single dose of 2000 mg/kg was studied in 10 rats of both sexes. Sub –acute oral toxicity of aqueous extract of was carried out on 60 rats. We constituted 4 groups of 10 rats each (5 males and 5 females) which were orally administered 300, 600, and 900 mg/kg of aqueous extract and control group received water. 2 group satellites (SAT) of 10 rats each (5 males and 5 females) in which one group (SAT 900 mg/kg) was received orally 900 mg/kg of aqueous extract and another (SAT control) water. Serum blood was collected for biochemical and haematological parameters. The liver and kidney served for histological examination. No deaths of acute oral toxicity were recorded. In female rats, Aspartate Aminotransferase (ASAT) activity increased by 31.20 % and Alamine Aminotransferase (ALAT) increased by 37.20 %. In male rats, only ALAT activity increased significantly by 35.37 % compared to control. Haematological analysis revealed in male rats treated at the dose of 900 mg/kg an increase significant (p<0.001) level of white blood cells with 52.20 %, compared to control group. Histological examination of liver and kidney showed normal architecture. Aqueous extract has untoward effect on liver and kidney, could be considered non-toxic.

Discussion on rationality of administration of Angong Niuhuang Pills from pharmacological and toxicological perspectives

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianzhao Chen ◽  
Yushuang Chai ◽  
Yuanfeng He ◽  
Jisheng Huang ◽  
Ting Wan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Control ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Neurological Function ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Toxicology Study ◽  
Body Weights

Abstract Background: Investigate the different treatment course of ANP from pharmacology and toxicology to provide scientific basis for clinic use. Method: In pharmacology study, cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model was made; rats were divided into six groups, Sham, model, aspirin 25 mg/kg, ANP 270 mg/kg (1 day, 4 days and 7 days) groups. Rats were fed for 30 days. Neurological function, cerebral infraction volume, brain histopathology, cytokines were detected; in toxicology study, rats were divided into four groups, normal control, ANP (550, 1640, 4910 mg/kg) group. ANP was daily administered by gavage for 30 days. Detection indicators included appearance, behavior, excrement character, food-intake, body weight, hematological parameters, etc. In addition, biomarkers such as TBA, GSTα, Cystatin C, clusterin, GSH, S-100B and MBP were also detected. Result: In pharmacology study, compared with model group, the neurological function scores of ANP 270mg/kg (1 day, 4 days and 7 days) were decreased (P<0.11 or P<0.05); the volume of ANP 270mg/kg (1 day and 7 days) were decreased (P<0.05); the R value of ANP 270mg/kg (1 day, 4 days and 7 days) groups were decreased (P<0.11 or P<0.05); the serum content of IL-1β, TNFα and NO of ANP 270 mg/kg(1 day, 4 days and 7 days) groups were decreased (P< 0.05); the brain content of IL-1β and NO of ANP 270 mg/kg(1 day, 4 days and 7 days) groups were decreased (P<0.05). In toxicology study, no mortality, ophthalmic abnormalities were identified. Compared with normal control group, body weights were significantly lower in ANP 4910 mg/kg group; TBA was significantly increased in ANP 4910mg/kg group; liver organ coefficient of female rats of ANP 4910 mg/kg group was increased (P < 0.05); kidney organ coefficient of male rats of ANP 1640mg/kg, 4910 mg/kg groups were increased (P < 0.05), these all recovered after drug withdraw for 8 weeks. Conclusion: The effect of ANP 270 mg/kg (7 days) was much better than ANP (1 day and 4 days). ANP 550mg/kg is non toxicity dose. So, ANP is taken one pill peer day for 7 days is safety and effective, it can be used as the scientific basis for clinic use.

scholarly journals Study of anticancer activity of cecropin B on 7, 12-dimethylbenz (a) anthracene-induced breast cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 106-112
Author(s):  
Fereshte Ghandehari ◽  
Mahnoosh Fatemi
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Tumor Size ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Mean Cell Volume ◽  
Cecropin B ◽  
Cancer Group

Background and aims: Antimicrobial peptides constitute a family of bioactive peptides that are involved in the body defense. Recently, their anti-cancer properties, especially by inducing apoptosis, have been proven in in vitro studies. Therefore, in this study, the effects of cecropin B as an antimicrobial peptide on breast cancer growth, hematological parameters, and histopathological changes in rats were evaluated. Methods: Twenty-four female rats were randomly divided into 4 groups. The cancer group, control group, cecropin B group, and cancer group treated with cecropin B. The tumor size was measured at the beginning and the completion of the treatment period. Blood samples were collected for assessment of the hematological parameters and Bax and Bcl2 levels. Tumor tissues were removed for histopathological analysis. Results: The tumor size had a significant increase in the cancer group and cancer group treated with cecropin at the end of the treatment. A significant decrease in mean cell volume, white blood cell count and Bcl2 level and a significant increase in hemoglobin and Bax levels were observed in the cancer group treated with cecropin B compared to cancer group. Changes in other parameters were not significant. Histopathological study showed the invasion of mitotic cells to stromal and muscular tissues of the breast in the cancer group, while focal destruction of tissue and cell death were observed in the cancer group treated with cecropin B. Conclusion: The results showed that cecropin B has been able to reduce tumor growth and have little side effects on hematologic factors probably through apoptosis.

scholarly journals Statistical characteristics of the components of coagulation hemostasis and the degree of oxygenation of rat blood in the normal and at different times of the experimental opioid effect

Morphologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 125-136
Author(s):  
Ye.V. Paltov ◽  
Z.Z. Masna ◽  
V.B. Fik ◽  
I.V. Chelpanova ◽  
N.O. Ambarova
Keyword(s):  
Prothrombin Time ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Blood Platelet ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Prothrombin Index

Background. The problem of non-drug use of opioid drugs occupies a significant place among the current problems of world medicine. Objective. Тo study the hematological parameters of coagulation hemostasis in the norm and the dynamics of their changes at different times of opioid exposure. Methods. The experimental study was performed on sexually mature, outbred male rats in the number of 80 animals, weighing 160-270 g, aged 4.5-7.5 months. Animals were injected intramuscularly with “Nalbuphine” once daily for one day (10-11 hours in the morning) for 98 days. The initial dose of nalbuphine during the first 2 weeks was 0.212 mg / kg, the next 2 (II - IV weeks) - 0.225 mg / kg, the next (IV - VI weeks) - 0.252 mg / kg, the next (VI - VIII weeks) ) - 0.260 mg / kg, the next (VIII - X weeks) - 0.283 mg / kg, the next (X - XII weeks) - 0.3 mg / kg, and during (XII - XIV weeks) - 0.454 mg / kg. Thus, the conditions for chronic opioid exposure were created. Animals are divided into 3 groups. The 1-st group of animals received Nalbuphine for 98 days, with subsequent collection of material (end of 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks, 8 weeks, 10 weeks, 12 weeks and 14 weeks of experimental opioid exposure); The 2-d was the control group, which for 98 days received injections of saline intramuscularly in one period of time (10 - 11 o'clock in the morning). Blood sampling and study of hematological parameters of blood (platelet count, prothrombin time, prothrombin index, time of recalcification of stabilized blood, total fibrinogen, determination of hemoglobin, hematocrit) were performed according to conventional methods. Software R v 4.0.3 and RStudio v 1.2.5042 were used for statistical calculations and graphing. MSOffice Excel 2010 spreadsheets were used to generate the final tables and store the data. Results. The key to the dynamics of changes in the blood parameters of experimental animals was week 6 of the experiment, as most indicators had the highest dynamics up to 6 weeks including further indicators of stability, which was higher (fibrinogen and prothrombin index) or less (prothrombin time, recalcification time and hemoglobin) indicators of the control group. The blood hematocrit of the experimental animals decreased evenly at all study terms to a minimum value at 14 week, and the number of platelets evenly all times increased to a maximum value at the last term of the experiment. This trend in all indicators was confirmed statistically. Conclusion. Our research has made it possible to study first and then observe the dynamics of changes in coagulation hemostasis and the degree of oxygenation of blood in acute, subchronic and chronic periods of experimental opioid exposure with subsequent statistical comparison.

scholarly journals Acute and Subacute Oral Toxicity Studies of the Aqueous Extract from the Stem Bark of Ricinodendron Rautanenii Schinz (Euphorbiaceae) in Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (08) ◽  
pp. 301-308
Author(s):  
Jacquy Joyce Wanche Kojom ◽  
Edwige Laure Nguemfo ◽  
Marie-Claire Tchamadeu ◽  
Calvin Bogning Zangueu ◽  
Edwige Laure Lappa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Toxicity Assay ◽  
Subacute Toxicity ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Liver And Kidney

Ricinodendron rautanenii is a plant, used in traditional medecine to treat fever, eczema, back pain, cancer and stomacal disorders. This work was carried out to evaluate the safety of the aqueous extract from the stem bark of Ricinodendron rautanenii by determining its potential toxicity after acute and subacute administration in Wistar rats. In Acute toxicity assay, the animals received the extract at the single dose of 5000 mg/Kg and were observed during 48h for mortality and any toxicity manifestations. General behavior, adverse effects and mortality were determined for up to 14 days post treatment. In subacute toxicity assay, extract was given orally to rats at doses of 6, 20, 40 and 80 mg/kg/day for 28 days respectively. Animal body weight, water and food intake, biochemical and hematological parameters were determined. Liver and kidney were examined histologically for any signs of organ damage. No behavioral changes or mortality were recorded in the treated groups. No significant hematological changes were observed in the both sex. The biochemical analysis indicated a significant increase of high density lipoprotein levels in both male and female rats. Histopathological analysis of the liver and kidney did not show any observable cellular damages. The overall finding of this study suggest that, extract of Ricinodendron rautanenii did not cause any death up to a dose of 5000 mg/kg and can be considered non-toxic. Biochemical and histological studies of the extract did not revealed major signs in subacute toxicity.

scholarly journals Deleterious Effects of Ethanol on Hematological Parameters and Fertility in Albino Rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-40
Author(s):  
OA Osonuga ◽  
OI Osonuga ◽  
AA Osonuga
Keyword(s):  
Phase I ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Semen Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Hematological Disorders ◽  
Phase Study

Objective: Hematological disorders including anaemia are prevalent in alcoholics. The study was an attempt to find out the toxic effects of ethanol on blood values and semen parameters of albino rats. Material & Methods: 15 male albino rats with body weight (bwt) of 190 – 220 gm were used for the 2-phase study. 25% ethanol was administered via oral cannula to a group of 5 male rats each at daily dose of 0.6ml/200gm bwt respec-tively for 3 days during phase I. Phase II was a recovery study involving 5 male rats exposed to dose regimen as in phase I, and sacrificed after 3-day withdrawal of treatment. The control group of 5 male rats was given sterile water ad-libitum. Each animal was weighed before sacrifice to obtain difference in bwt relative to its basal value. Blood samples were collected by cardio-puncture from the rats for hematology and serum testosterone at the end of each phase. Semen parameters were determined and compared with controls. Results: Ethanol caused significant reduction (P< 0.05) in the hematological profile as well as in the serum testoster-one and semen parameters of the animals. Discontinuation of the drug use however showed gradual recovery of the depressed indices of the semen, serum testosterone and blood parameters. Conclusion: The ethanol could induce reversible changes in hematological profiles and semen parameters of rats, and by extension man. Hence, the study supported the use of alcohol with caution especially in infertile men and those prone to anemic tendencies. Key Words: Albino rats; ethanol; semen parameters; hematology DOI: 10.3126/ajms.v1i2.3350Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 1 (2010) 37-40

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Coating with TiO2 Nanoparticles as an Option for the Improvement of the Characteristics of NiTi Archwires: Histopathological, Cytotoxic, and Genotoxic Evidence

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Morán-Martínez ◽  
Roberto Beltrán del Río-Parra ◽  
Nadia Denys Betancourt-Martínez ◽  
Rubén García-Garza ◽  
Joel Jiménez-Villarreal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Blood Sample ◽  
Tio2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Niti Alloy ◽  
Renal Tissue ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
The Times ◽  
Nuclear Alterations

For the EPD, different voltages and different times were used. Male rats were used in four groups (n=3) with different treatments. The blood sample was obtained for genotoxic analysis and liver and kidney organs were removed for histopathological analysis. The amount of NPs TiO2 deposited on the samples of the arches increases gradually in the times of 15 and 30 s. At all voltages, however, at 45, 60, 75, and 90 s, there is an increase up to 25 V. Cell viability in lymphocytes treated with TiO2 NPs did not cause genotoxicity. In the histopathological findings of hepatic and renal tissue, nuclear alterations and necrosis were observed. The objective of the study was to improve the physical and biocompatibility characteristics of the NiTi arches for which the EPD is used. The technique for the deposition of TiO2 NPs was used, where this technique could be used as an economical and versatile way to perform homogeneous depositions even on surfaces with the complexity of the NiTi alloy. As for genotoxicity and cytotoxicity, we continue to have controversial results.

scholarly journals Glutathione Conjugates of Ochratoxin a as Biomarkers of Exposure / Glutationski Konjugati Okratoksina A Kao Biomarkeri Izloženosti

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Tozlovanu ◽  
Delphine Canadas ◽  
Annie Pfohl-Leszkowicz ◽  
Christine Frenette ◽  
Robert J. Paugh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Amide Bond ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Dark Agouti ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Male And Female Rats ◽  
Liver And Kidney

AbstractIn the present study the photoreactivity of the fungal carcinogen ochratoxin A (OTA) has been utilised to generate authentic samples of reduced glutathione (GSH) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) conjugates of the parent toxin. These conjugates, along with the nontoxic OTα, which is generated through hydrolysis of the amide bond of OTA by carboxypeptidase A, were utilised as biomarkers to study the metabolism of OTA in the liver and kidney of male and female Dark Agouti rats. Male rats are more susceptible than female rats to OTA carcinogenesis with the kidney being the target organ. Our studies show that the distribution of OTA in male and female rat kidney is not significantly different. However, the extent of OTA metabolism was greater in male than female rats. Much higher levels of OTα were detected in the liver compared to the kidney, and formation of OTα is a detoxification pathway for OTA. These findings suggest that differences in metabolism between male and female rats could provide an explanation for the higher sensitivity of male rats to OTA toxicity

Hypothalamic regulation of reproduction under the chronic influence of toluene and melatonin

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
G. O. Kerkeshko
Keyword(s):  
Biogenic Amines ◽  
Preoptic Area ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Simultaneous Administration ◽  
Chronic Effect ◽  
Circadian Variations ◽  
Hypothalamic Regulation ◽  
Maximal Permissible Concentration

Experiments on chronic administration of melatonin with and without chronic inhalation of toluene dosed at both maximal permissible concentration (50 mg/ml) and limited chronical range (500 mg/m3) have been carried out on female rats to discover their effects on biogenic amines system in hypothalamic structures related to gonadoliberin synthesis and secretion - preoptic area (PA) and median eminence (ME). Contents of biogenic amines in ME and especially in PA have been shown to have circadian variations with maximum in the morning in control group of rats.The chronic effect of synchronizing agent melatonin (administered dissolved in drinking water in concentration of 10 pg/m l, at night during 2 months) on neotransmitters and their circadian variations in both hypothalamic structures proved surprisingly to be much alike the effect of toluene. Both chemicals cause the disturbances of normal circadian variations o f norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonine in PA and dopamine in ME. The simultaneous administration of toluene and melatonin showed likewise no synchronizing ability of the latter under the conditions described.

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