scholarly journals Evaluation of timeliness of treatment initiation among smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Brong Ahafo Region, Ghana, 2015

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-82
Author(s):  
Charles Noora ◽  
Delia Bandoh ◽  
Robert Nuoh ◽  
Bismark Sarfo ◽  
Kofi Nyarko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Treatment Initiation ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Smear Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Brong Ahafo Region ◽  
Brong Ahafo

Background: We evaluated timeliness and factors influencing treatment initiation (TI) among smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB+) patients in Brong Ahafo Region (BAR), Ghana.Design and Setting: We conducted a cross-sectional study in health facilities (HF) in six districts in BAR, from November 2014 to May 2015. Newly diagnosed smear positive PTB patients were selected randomly proportionate to size of facility cases. Timeliness of symptoms, diagnosis, TI and factors for delay were assessed using structured questionnaire. Patient delay was defined as presentation to a health care provider after 21 days of the onset of TBrelated symptoms and TI delay as therapy initiated after 30-days of onset of TB-related symptoms. We determined median patient timeliness, HF, and TI timeliness. We identified factors associated with TI delay using logistic regression.Results: There were a total of 237 PTB+ patients; median patient timeliness of 30 days (IQR:14, 60). The median health facility timeliness was 8 days (IQR:4, 10); and the median TI timeliness was 36 days (IQR:25, 69). Majority (58.7%) of patients delayed in seeking treatment. TI delay was associated with: unemployment [aOR=7.4, 95%CI(1.9–28.8)], fear of losing job [aOR=3.4, 95%CI(1.3–8.5)], traditional healer as first port of call [aOR=10.6, 95%CI(13.0-66.8)], and initially being treated for HIV [aOR=4.9, 95%CI(1.6-14.8)].Conclusion: There were delays in treatment initiation and patient treatment seeking timeliness. One-third of patients would prefer traditional healers/self-treatment/drug store as an option. A concerted effort by stakeholders is needed toimprove behaviour change communication on good health seeking behaviour for persons living with TB to reduce delays in seeking treatment.Keywords: Pulmonary tuberculosis; timeliness, delay; Brong Ahafo Region; GhanaFunding: The study was funded by the authors

scholarly journals Risk factors for mortality among inpatients with smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidra Hameed ◽  
Faisal Faiyaz Zuberi ◽  
Sagheer Hussain ◽  
Syed Khalid Ali
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Smoking History ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Creative Commons ◽  
Smear Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Objective: To evaluate risk factors having significant effect on mortality of smear positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis (PTB) inpatients. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Ojha Institute of Chest Diseases, Dow University Hospital Ojha Campus, Karachi. One hundred and seventy (170) inpatients of smear positive PTB confirmed by Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) smear, aged between 13-80 years were enrolled by using consecutive sampling technique while patients with drug resistant Tuberculosis (TB) and extra pulmonary TB were excluded from the study. Selected patients were interviewed for collecting demographic data and risk factor data by using a standard questionnaire. Results: Out of 170 PTB inpatients, mortality was observed in 23 (13.5%) patients among which male patients were 12 (52.2%), and female were 11 (47.8%). Mortality was significantly associated with increasing age (p=0.003), socioeconomic status (p=0.019), anemia (p=0.03), Chronic Liver Disease (CLD) (p=0.005), Diabetes Mellitus (DM) (p=0.001), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) (p=0.007), Hypertension (HTN) (p=0.006), recurrent TB (p=0.001), and smoking (p=0.001). Conclusion: Increasing age, poverty, smoking history, and presence of comorbidities like DM, CLD, HIV, hypertension, and anemia are associated with higher mortality in smear positive PTB cases. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.5.919 How to cite this:Hameed S, Zuberi FF, Hussain S, Ali SK. Risk factors for mortality among inpatients with smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis. Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.5.919 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

EXPLORING KNOWLEDGE AND HEALTH-SEEKING BEHAVIOUR RELATED TO SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS AMONG THE TRIBAL POPULATION OF MADHYA PRADESH, CENTRAL INDIA

2012 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 625-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. G. RAO ◽  
K. B. SAHA ◽  
J. BHAT ◽  
B. K. TIWARY ◽  
A. ABBAD
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Central India ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Madhya Pradesh ◽  
Tribal Population ◽  
Health Seeking Behaviour ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
Route Of Transmission

SummaryThis community-based cross-sectional study was carried out in the tribal population of randomly selected villages of Jabalpur district, Madhya Pradesh, central India. A total of 200 married men and women aged 15–49 years were interviewed to explore their knowledge, experience and health-seeking behaviour related to sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Though 91% of respondents were aware of STIs, the sexual route was mentioned by only 19% as the route of transmission. Around 18% reported a need for social isolation from persons with STIs. Though 88% of the respondents felt modern medicine was the best remedy for STIs, only a few of them used medical treatment while suffering from an STI. Twenty-seven per cent of respondents resorted to traditional healers, and 30% utilized home remedies for STI treatment. The study highlights a need for generating STI awareness amongst the tribal population of the region through a needs-based behaviour change communication (BCC) strategy.

scholarly journals Hubungan Faktor Pemungkin dengan Perilaku Pencarian Pengobatan Anak Jalanan di Kota Bekasi Tahun 2017

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-128
Author(s):  
Luna Amalia
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Street Children ◽  
Good Health ◽  
P Value ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Enabling Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Seeking Behavior ◽  
Seeking Behavior

Abstract Street children have a high risk of health problems. This study aims to determine the enabling factors (shelter membership, availability of health insurance, accessibility of health care and social support) associated with the health seeking behavior of street children in Bekasi City. The study design was crosssectional with the sample size of 130 respondents. Analysis results showed that the most of the respondents (82,7%) had poor health seeking behavior. The results of bivariate analyzed showed that the availability of health insurance was significantly associated with health seeking behavior of the street children (p value = 0,054). Street children who had health insurance had an opportunity for good health seeking behavior 2,7 times higher than those who did not have health insurance. It was suggested that data collection of health seeking behavior and the safety of self medication was important as to determine the health needs of street children. Keywords : health seeking behavior, street children Abstrak Anak jalanan memiliki risiko tinggi gangguan kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan faktor pemungkin (kepesertaan rumah singgah, ketersediaan jaminan kesehatan, aksesibilitas pelayanan kesehatan dan dukungan sosial) dengan perilaku pencarian pengobatan anak jalanan di Kota Bekasi. Desain penelitian menggunakan cross sectional dengan jumlah sampel 130 responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar responden (82,7%) melakukan perilaku pencarian pengobatan yang kurang baik. Hasil analisis bivariat menunjukkan bahwa ketersediaan jaminan kesehatan berhubungan signifikan dengan perilaku pencarian pengobatan anak jalanan (p value = 0,054). Anak jalanan yang memiliki jaminan kesehatan, memiliki peluang untuk pencarian pengobatan yang baik sebesar 2,7 kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan anak jalanan yang tidak memiliki jaminan kesehatan. Disarankan pentingnya pendataan anak jalanan dan swamedikasi yang tepat dan aman bagi anak jalanan. Kata kunci : Perilaku, pencarian pengobatan, anak jalanan

scholarly journals Compliance to Directly Observed Treatment Short Course (DOTS) Chemotherapy among the Patient of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Banke District of Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-20
Author(s):  
Ram Bahadur Nepali ◽  
Damaru Prasad Paneru
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Treatment Compliance ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sputum Smear ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Regular Treatment ◽  
Drinking Habits ◽  
Smear Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Tubercular infection is still a pervasive public health problem in Nepal despite the massive efforts of National Health Service stakeholders. High bacterial infectivity, transmissibility, increasing drug resistance and non compliance to the therapy have been adding up challenges to prevention and control of tuberculosis. This study was conducted to observe the treatment compliance pattern among new pulmonary sputum smear positive cases of tuberculosis. A cross sectional study was carried out in the year 2009. The 114 new smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients registered in the six selected DOTS centres of the Banke Disrtict were randomly selected. Participants were selected from each DOTS centre by probability proportionate sampling methods. Data were analyzed by SPSS (11.0 Version) and P< 0.05 was considered as significant. Overall compliance to DOTS was 86.80 percent; of these, 57.00 percent showed excellent and regular compliance followed by nearly 30 percent good compliance. And 13.20 percent participants were non complaint to DOTS therapy. Positive Family behaviors were positively associated with compliance while alcohol consumption was found to be negatively associated with compliance however; age, sex and income were found to be non significant factors for compliance. Feeling of getting cure even before the course of DOTS therapy (feeling better after 2-3 months regular treatment) and drinking habits were found to be the major causes of non compliance. Supportive family behaviors and avoidance of alcohol consumption may promote the compliance. Excellent treatment compliance in the face of many odds is highly encouraging and the pattern can be useful in treatment despite little non compliances; furthermore compliance can be enhanced by acting on these causes of non compliances. Key words: Pulmonary, Tuberculosis, DOTS, Banke, Nepal

scholarly journals Sexual History Taking Competency: A Survey among the Clinicians in Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dysfunction ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Sexual History ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
Sexual History Taking ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Medical University

Introduction: Sexuality is a hidden topic and not talked much in countries like Bangladesh with strong cultural & religious myths and having health seeking behavior of availing traditional healers and lack of specialized service center. Objective: It was aimed to see how often the clinicians ask about sexual issues in their clinical practice; the level of comfortability in inquiring about sex related problems and the opinion regarding sexual health services. Methods: A descriptive, observational, cross sectional analysis was carried out on willing clinicians who attended seminars on sexual dysfunction in Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University. The data were collected by predesigned selfreporting questionnaire from clinicians attending in 3 different occasions at the same venue from 560 respondents as 125 in first round, 166 in second round and 269 in the third round. Nonprobability purposive consecutive sampling technique was chosen and data were analyzed by Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) 16.0 and Microsoft Excel 2007 version software. Results: At first round 53.6% were comfortable and 35% were uncomfortable asking sexual history with 26% facing discomfort asking, 12% uncomfortable with extreme age, and 12% with fear of offending the patients. In second round 42% clinicians were uncomfortable asking sexual history. In 3rd round survey, 37% of the respondents were uncomfortable to ask sexual history. Majority of the respondents (95%) agreed specialized set up should be established for patients with sexual dysfunction. Conclusion: Its first ever survey on clinicians of different discipline who are interested to deal with patients with sexual dysfunction with outcome recommendation of specialized set up for patients with sexual dysfunction.

scholarly journals Renal Dysfunction among Ghanaians Living with Clinically Diagnosed Hypertension in the Asutifi-South District: A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study at the St. Elizabeth Hospital, Hwidiem

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvester Yao Lokpo ◽  
James Osei-Yeboah ◽  
William K. B. A. Owiredu ◽  
Francis Abeku Ussher ◽  
Verner Ndudiri Orish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Impairment ◽  
Renal Dysfunction ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Disease Epidemiology ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Brong Ahafo Region ◽  
Brong Ahafo

Background. This study aimed at evaluating the burden of renal dysfunction among people living with hypertension in the Asutifi-South District of the Brong Ahafo Region, who were attending clinic at the St. Elizabeth Hospital in Hwidiem. Methodology. A hospital-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among two hundred (200) hypertensive clients aged between 27 and 88 years who reported for clinical management from January to March, 2018. Data on sociodemography, comorbid disease status, antihypertensive medication, and their duration was obtained using a semistructured questionnaire and patient folders. Blood pressure, weight, and creatinine were measured using standard methods. Kidney function was assessed using Cockcroft Gault (CG), Four-Variable Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (4v-MDRD) and the Chronic Kidney Disease-Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) equations. The 2012 Kidney Disease Improvement Global Outcome (KDIGO) Criteria were used to categorize renal function among study participants. Results. Renal impairment was observed among 25.00%, 9.50%, and 10.50% of study participants using CG, 4v-MDRD, and CKD-EPI equations, respectively. With the exception of CKD-EPI equation, females significantly recorded higher scores compared to their male counterparts (28.95% vs 12.5%, 11.84%, vs 2.08%) using CG and 4v-MDRD, respectively. Participants aged 50 years or more recorded the highest renal impairment. Conclusion. Renal dysfunction is common among people living with hypertension in the Asutifi-South District of the Brong Ahafo Region. Femininity, older age, disease comorbidity with diabetes, Thiazide diuretic and AR Blocker usage, and increasing duration of medication accounted for higher kidney dysfunction. Regular screening and management are therefore recommended to avert progression to end-stage renal failure (ESRD).

scholarly journals Prevalence and Drug Resistance Patterns ofMycobacterium tuberculosisamong New Smear Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients in Eastern Ethiopia

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berhanu Seyoum ◽  
Meaza Demissie ◽  
Alemayehu Worku ◽  
Shiferaw Bekele ◽  
Abraham Aseffa
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Smear Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Resistance Patterns

The study aimed at determining the prevalence and drug resistance patterns ofMycobacterium tuberculosisamong new smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients visiting TB diagnosis and treatment facilities at selected health facilities in eastern Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2011 and May 2013. A total of 408 new adult pulmonary TB patients (≥ 18 years) were enrolled in this study. Three consecutive sputum samples (spot, morning, and spot) were collected from each patient and transported to the Armauer Hansen Research Institute TB laboratory located in Addis Ababa for culture on Lowenstein Jensen slant media. DST was performed on 357 (87.5%) of the patient samples for isoniazid (H), rifampicin (R), ethambutol (E), and streptomycin (S) using the standard proportion method. The rate of resistance to any one drug was 23%. Any resistance to H, S, R, and E was 14%, 11.5%, 2.8%, and 0.3%, respectively. The highest proportion of monoresistance was observed against H (9.5%). MDRTB was detected in 1.1% of the patients. Any drug resistance was associated with HIV infection (COR = 3.7, 95% CI 1.905–7.222) (P= 0.000). Although the prevalence of MDRTB is relatively low in the study area, high prevalence of H resistance is a serious concern demanding close monitoring. Expanding diagnostic capacity for mycobacterial culture and DST is a vital step in this regard.

scholarly journals Analysis on Factors Related with Treatment Behavior of Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patient

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-89
Author(s):  
Nita Yunianti Ratnasari ◽  
Susana Nurtanti
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Tuberculosis Patient ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Patient Treatment ◽  
District Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tuberculosis Patients ◽  
Pulmonary Tb

The total number of pulmonary tuberculosis cases found in Wonogiri district up to Trimester III in 2017 was 602 new cases. Adherence to patient treatment is one of the decisive factors in the success of therapy, but adherence to treatment by pulmonary TB patients is often low. This study aims to evaluate the compliance of treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Selogiri District Health Center Wonogiri regency. The design of this study used cross-sectional descriptive analysis with data collector in the form of questionnaire as primary data and patient treatment card (Form TB 01) as secondary data. Population of all pulmonary TB patients treated at Selogiri Public Health Center, registered from January 2016 to December 2017. Sampling by total sampling technique. Result of research from 23 total respondents during treatment showed that the number of respondents who adhere to TB treatment was smaller than the non-compliant respondent, that is 10 respondents (43,47%) obedient while respondent did not obey 13 (56,52%). The conclusion of this study there is no relationship between sociodemographic factors, knowledge, drug side effects, history of other diseases, availability of transportation and the role of families and officers with compliance to treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Selogiri Health Center. This study shows the high rate of non-adherence treatment of lung TB patients.

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