scholarly journals Evaluation des génotypes de mil Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. pour la résistance ou la tolérance à la mineuse de l’épi de mil, Heliocheilus albipunctella De Joannis au Niger

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 501-512
Author(s):  
Mahamane Nassirou Oumarou ◽  
Ibrahim Baoua ◽  
Abdoul Aziz Saidou ◽  
Amadou L. Laouali

La Mineuse de l’Epi de Mil (MEM), Heliocheilus albipunctella De Joannis est un ravageur endémique du mil en zone sahélienne. Elle est responsable de la perte de plus de 60% de la production de cette céréale. Pour l’identification des génotypes résistants ou tolérants à ce ravageur, des tests de criblage de 31 variétés ont été mis en place au niveau des 3 villages de la région de Maradi en 2016 et 2017 avec un dispositif de parcelles en blocs randomisés. L’analyse en composante principale a permis de dégager 3 groupes : 1) les variétés précoces et infestées par la MEM ; 2) celles tardives et moins infestées par le ravageur et 3) les génotypes tardifs à haut rendement. Le taux d’infestation des variétés est négativement corrélé au délai 50% floraison (r = -0,75) et positivement corrélé à l’importance des dégâts du ravageur notamment le nombre des mines (r = 0,97) et la longueur des mines (r = 0,98). La variété Moro avec un délai 50% floraison court de 74 jours, un épi compact et un taux d’infestation de 2,45% a été identifiée comme résistante. Les variétés CZ-SNY-03-11, Toroniou-HTC, PE00353, PE01490 et PE00077 avec des taux d’infestation variant de 0,89 à 2,76% semblent présenter une pseudo-résistance à la MEM. Ces dernières ont présenté un délai 50% floraison plus long de 87 à 100 jours qui leurs a permis d’échapper à l’infestation du ravageur. La compacité des épis et la longueur du cycle sont apparues comme des caractères fortement héritables (h² > 89). Les informations obtenues ont révélé l’existence des aptitudes à la résistance avec la variété Moro. Les activités de recherche peuvent désormais se focaliser sur la recherche des gènes responsables de cette résistance pour une amélioration génétique et dans le cadre d’une lutte intégrée contre la MEM.Mots clés : Précocité, infestation, compacité, héritabilité, pseudo-résistance. English Title: Screening of millet genotypes Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. for resistance or tolerance to the mil head miner, Heliocheilus albipunctella De Joannis in Niger The Millet Head Miner (MHM), Heliocheilus albipunctella De Joannis is an endemic pest of millet in the Sahelian zone. It is responsible for the loss of more than 60% yield of this cereal. To identify resistant or tolerant genotypes, screening tests were conducted with 31 varieties in villages of Maradi region in 2016 and 2017 with a randomized block design. Principal component analysis identified 3 groups: 1) early and MHM-infested varieties; 2) late and less infested by the pest; and 3) high yielding late genotypes. Variety infestation rate was negatively correlated with the 50% flowering (r = -0.75) and positively correlated with the importance of the pest damage including the number of mines (r = 0.97) and the length of mines (r = 0.98). The Moro variety with a 50% flowering time of 74 days, a compact panicle and an infestation rate of 2.45% was identified as resistant. Varieties CZ-SNY-03-11, Toroniou-HTC, PE00353, PE01490 and PE00077 with infestation rates ranging from 0.89 to 2.76% appear to have a pseudo-resistance to MHM. These genotypes had 50% longer flowering time of 87 to 100 days which allowed them to escape the pest infestation. The compactness of panicles and the length of the cycle appeared as strongly heritable characters (h²> 89). The information obtained revealed existence of some resistance in the Moro variety. Future activities could focus on finding the genes responsible for this resistance for genetic improvement as part of an integrated control of the MHM.Keywords: Precocity, infestation, compactness, heritability, pseudo-resistance.  

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 572-583
Author(s):  
LEANDRO DE SOUZA ROCHA ◽  
ROBERT FELIX DE SANTANA ◽  
ANA CRISTINA FERMINO SOARES ◽  
FERNANDO HADDAD

ABSTRACT The interaction Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) x nematode and the genetic variability of Foc are the main problems with potential to affect the use of resistant varieties in the management of the Panama disease. The objective of this work was to evaluate the interaction between Foc and Meloidogyne javanica on the banana of the Prata Anã, Grande Naine and BRS Princesa cultivars. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, with six treatments and ten replications, which differed in the inoculation time of each pathogen. Simultaneous inoculation with Foc and M. javanica, inoculation with Foc one week before inoculation with M. javanica, and inoculation with M. javanica one week before inoculation with Foc. In addition to the controls, Foc isolated, M. javanica isolated, and cultivars without the pathogens. The seedlings were transplanted in 3-liter pots with sterile soil infested with 40 grams of Foc inoculum at the concentration of 1x106CFU/gram and 1000 eggs and J2 of M. javanica. At the end of 56 days, the treatments with 'Grande Naine' presented the highest reproduction factors of M. javanica. In the 'Prata Anã' no interaction was observed between Foc x M. javanica. The treatments with simultaneous inoculation of the two pathogens, and with Foc a week before, in the 'BRS Princesa', presented the highest external disease indices (DI), which promoted the highest AUDPC. The highest internal DI were observed in the treatments Foc+Mj+Grande Naine, Foc+Mj+BRS Princesa, Mj+Grande Naine+Foc and Foc+BRS Princesa+Mj. The simultaneous presence of M. javanica and Foc increases the severity of the Panama disease in Grande Naine and BRS Princesa cultivars.


2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-150
Author(s):  
WELSON LIMA SIMÕES ◽  
MARCOS ANTONIO DRUMOND ◽  
ANDERSON RAMOS DE OLIVEIRA ◽  
SÉRGIO LUIZ GONÇALVES ◽  
MIGUEL JULIO MACHADO GUIMARÃES

ABSTRACT The high luminosity rates and high annual average temperatures of the Brazilian semiarid region, combined with the use of irrigation and adaptability of the sunflower crop to local climate, favor increased achene yield due to acceleration of morphophysiological processes. The objective of this work was to evaluate the morphophysiological and productive characteristics of sunflower varieties grown under drip irrigation in the Sub-Mid São Francisco River Valley. The experiment was conducted in the Experimental Field of the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa Semiarid), in Petrolina, State of Pernambuco, Brazil, in a randomized block design, with 21 sunflower varieties and four replications. The variables evaluated were flowering time, plant height, number of live leaves, stem and capitulum diameter, number of lodged and broken plants, stem curvature, relative chlorophyll index, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, average leaf temperature, 1000-achene weight and achene yield of the sunflower varieties. The treatments presented flowering time of 43 to 59 days after sowing, plant height of 1.0 to 1.4 m, capitulum diameter of 0.154 to 0.221 m, chlorophyll content of 30.8 to 33.98 Spad units and 1000-achene weight of 35.61 to 80.30 g. The sunflower varieties V7 and V8 stood out, with achene yields above 2,960 kg ha-1 and low number of lodged and broken plants, indicating a greater adaptability irrigation crops in the Sub-Mid São Francisco River Valley.


2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e50468
Author(s):  
Mirna Clarissa Rodrigues de Almeida ◽  
Mauricio Luiz de Mello Vieira Leite ◽  
Luciana Sandra Bastos de Souza ◽  
Vicente José Laamon Pinto Simões ◽  
Luiz Guilherme Medeiros Pessoa ◽  
...  

Agricultural production in semi-arid regions is limited due to water availability. In addition, the water quality available for irrigation is often compromised due to the high salt content present. Millet is a forage species considered tolerant to water deficit and moderately salt tolerant. In view of the above, the objective was to evaluate the growth of millet under water and saline stress associates. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design, in a 4x3 factorial scheme, composed of four levels of water replacement, based on crop evapotranspiration (ETc): 25%.ETc, 50%.ETc, 75%.ETc and 100%.ETc and three levels of water salinity (0.03, 2.0 and 4.0 dS m-1). With 25%.ETc independent of salinity, all morphological characteristics of millet were affected, occurring death of plants in the initial growth phase. In the absence of salt and greater availability of water, greater plant growth occurred. With respect to salinity, there was a reduction in the increment of all variables evaluated, with the highest reduction at the highest saline level (4.0 dS m-1). Water and salt stresses, when associated, reduce the growth of millet, since concentrations above 2.0 dS m-1 and less than 50%.ETc compromise its full development, providing declines in yield.


2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 685-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Tremblay ◽  
G. Bélanger ◽  
K. B. McRae ◽  
R. Michaud

During silage fermentation, proteolysis reduces the nutritional value of N, particularly in alfalfa. This study evaluated the proteolysis of 27 alfalfa cultivars seeded in triplicate in 2 consecutive years. Forage from each plot was wilted to a targeted dry matter (DM) content of 250 g kg–1 and ensiled in laboratory silos. Minisilos were made with spring growth and summer regrowth in the first year of production for the first seeding, and with the first 2 yr of production for the second seeding, giving 3 harvest years altogether. Concentrations of NPN, NH3, FAA, DM, TN, and pH were measured in silages, whereas RUP concentration was evaluated in forages. Low NPN concentration indicates low proteolysis during silage fermentation. Spring growth and summer regrowth were analyzed separately by ANOVA as a completely randomized block design replicated over 3 harvest years. A principal component analysis was then performed on the ANOVA means. Silage DM was used as covariate when it was deemed appropriate. There was a significant variation among cultivars for NPN concentration in silages made of summer regrowth; it varied from 612 to 717 g kg–1 of TN. Concentration of NPN was significantly lower for cultivars WL 225, Rangelander, Iroquois, and WL 222, and higher for cultivars Oneida VR, Arrow, Vernal, Spredor 2, and Armor. Oneida VR and Rangelander had respectively high and low silage NPN concentration in both spring growth and summer regrowth. From cultivars with low silage NPN concentration, Rangelander was the only one with high forage RUP concentration in both spring growth and summer regrowth; proteins in this cultivar would be more resistant to microbial degradation during ensiling and in the rumen. Key words: Non protein nitrogen; proteolysis; alfalfa silage; cultivars


2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
GEMBONG DALMADIYO ◽  
MOCH. AMIR KARTAMIDJAJA

<p><strong>The effect of tobacco curl disease on the yield and quality of eight Virginia tobacco varieties</strong></p><p>Tobacco leaf curl disease is one of the important diseases on Virginia tobacco which especially occurs in dry condition. The use of resistant varieties is one of the most effective way to control the disease. This experiment was lo evaluate the effect of tobacco curl disease on tobacco varieties (DB 101, Coker 319, Coker 176, Coker 48, Coker 86, and Coker 371 Gold) and two promising lines (T.45/T.65 and T.45/T.69). The experiment was conducted in Pekuwon, Sumberrejo, Bojonegoro from April to October 1997. The experiment was arranged in randomized block design with three replications. The tobacco seedlings wee transplanted in 0.9 m x 0.6 m spacing and 9.0 m x 9.0 m plot size. The fertilizer dosage applied are 300 kg ZA + 108 kg SP-36 + 156 kg ZK per ha The parameters observed including percentage of diseased plant, productive leaves, as well as the yield and quality of leaves. The esults showed that Coker 371 Gold variety showed the lowest disease percentage (6.89%), decrease in productive leaves was high (71.86%), Whereas the two promising lines, were T.45/T.6S and T.45/T.69 showed that the percentage of diseased plants wee not significantly different compared with DB 101, Coker 319, and Coker 48, but the decrease in productive leaves was lower. The yield of these promising lines were 10.12-10.30 kg/81 m!, grade indexes 86.04-87.27, and crop indexes are 88.31-88.63. Coker 176 was the most susceptible variety. The percentage of diseased plant, flue- cured yield, grade index, and crop index on Coker 176 wee 42.67%, 7.77 kg/81 m!, 86.09, and 66.89, respectively.</p>


Author(s):  
Manish Yadav ◽  
N. J. Jadav ◽  
Dileep Kumar ◽  
C. H. Raval ◽  
Drashti Chaudhari ◽  
...  

The Field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of fertility management on growth, yield attributes and yield of pearlmillet in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with ten treatments and four replications during summer, 2019 at Anand, Gujarat. The experiment comprises of different nutrient management practices including 100% and 75% RDF with 15 t and 10 t FYM along with Bio NP consortia. A significant higher growth and yield parameters enhancement with the application of 100% RDF + 15 t FYM ha-1 + Bio NP Consortia was recorded in plant height, number of tillers, length of ear head, protein content and biological yield. The treatment T5 produced maximum (91.5 q ha-1) biological yield and statistically it was on par with T9 and T5. However, the lowest biomass production (73.0 q ha-1) was reported in treatment T1. Results of different nutrient management practices on days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, ear head girth and test weight were found non-significant.  Protein content of pearlmillet was increased from 7.5% to 9.06% under different nutrient management practices. 


2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mágno Sávio Ferreira VALENTE ◽  
Maria Teresa Gomes LOPES ◽  
Francisco Célio Maia CHAVES ◽  
Ariane Mendes OLIVEIRA ◽  
Diego Rodrigo Bilby de FREITAS

ABSTRACT Repeatability allows an estimation of the number of evaluations needed to optimize the selection of superior genotypes, with consequent effects on the research costs in terms of financial and human resources. The objective of this study was to estimate the coefficient of repeatability of biometric and yield traits, related to fruits and seeds of sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis), and to define the number of evaluations required for an efficient selection and evaluation of genotypes of the species. A total of 37 non-domesticated accessions were evaluated for 19 months in a randomized block design with 5 replications and 2 plants per plot. The total number of fruits, total number of seeds, total fruit weight, mean fruit weight, and number of seeds per fruit of the accessions were evaluated by monthly sampling. Additionally, seed biometry was assessed in a sample of 30 seeds per accession. Repeatability coefficients were estimated by analysis of variance, principal components and structural analysis. The principal component method based on the covariance matrix was the most appropriate for establishing repeatability estimates of sacha inchi, due to the cyclical nature of the crop. Superior genotypes of the species can be selected for yield-related traits with about 90% accuracy, from 5 harvests (months) onwards. To ensure this accuracy level, it would be necessary to evaluate a minimum of 5 and 25 fruits to determine mean fruit weight and number of seeds per fruit, respectively, and 39 seeds would be required to evaluate the biometric traits.


2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Suriani . ◽  
Nurasiah Djaenuddin ◽  
A.Haris Talanca

Correlation of stomata density to rust severity on some accessions of maize germplasm. Rust is an important disease on maize. Control of rust using resistant varieties is recommended because it is more practical and environmental friendly. This research aims to study on the correlation of stomata density to rust severity on the several maize germplasm accessions. The research was conducted in Bontobili Farm Experimental Station and ICERI Pathology Laboratory, held from March to August 2017; it used Randomized Block Design with 2 replicates. As much as 30 corn germplasm accessions and 2 varieties for comparison (Bima 10 and Anoman) were planted by spacing 20 x 70 cm. The inoculation of Puccinia sp. was allowed to occur naturally. Printing of stomata was conducted with painted the lower part of corn leaf with nail polish transparent. After drying, it was pasted with clear isolation and then it was pulled and saved on glass object. Observed parameters were rust severity on the age of 50, 60, 70 days after planting and density of stomata. Results of the experiment showed that disease severity of germplasm accession number 2, 218 and 243 were not significant with comparison (tolerant variety). Germplasm with accession number 234 was categorized tolerant to rust. The rust infection rate on all accession were categorized by mild to moderate. Density of stomata of each maize germplasm accession was significantly correlated with rust severity, the increase of stomata density could increase of rust severity at 0.73%.


In this chapter, the authors explore Fluoride (F) in groundwater as a major issue of water pollution. Geo-statistical analysis of groundwater quality in Newai Tehsil (India) has been done in order to identify the possible spatial distribution of water quality parameters and to assess the spatial dependence of water properties with the help of principal component analysis (PCA) structure. Two types of maps (spatial map and principal component map) of groundwater quality have been developed. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different Fluoride (F) concentration combined with Pseudomonas fluorescens (P.F) on Prosopis juliflora plant. The field design was used as completely randomized block design with three replicates. The study revealed that parameters were found to be positively and highly correlated with principal component. Low and high values (with their acceptable limit) have also been displayed over each spatial map. Plants treated with P. fluorescens showed the highest F uptake in root, shoot, and leaves tissues were 33.14, 19.41, and 15.15 mg kg-1 after 120 days, respectively. Both total bioaccumulation factor (BF) and translocation factor (TF) were obtained above one (i.e., 1.06 and 1.04). This confirmed the high accumulation and translocation of F in plant tissues. The F uptake efficiency of plant was enhanced to 67.7%, and plant biomass was increased to 57.03%. The present study will be beneficial for researchers working towards further improvement of F phytoremediation technology.


Author(s):  
B. Rajasekhar Reddy ◽  
Maneesh Pandey ◽  
J. Singh ◽  
P.M. Singh ◽  
N. Rai

Background: Principal component analysis and Finlay-Wilkinson stability analysis were carried out at research farm of ICAR-Indian Institute of Vegetable Research, Varanasi to identify diverse french bean genotypes for green pod yield and suitable genotypes for stable yield and yield related parameters.Methods: All the 24 genotypes were laid out in randomized block design with two replications during winter, 2017 and 2018. Principal component analysis and stability analysis was done to identify the diverse and stable genotypes.Result: Eight principal components were observed and the maximum variability was concentrated in the first three principal components PC1, PC2 and PC3 which contributed to 68.61% variance. Cluster analysis from principal component scores formed three clusters with a maximum of seventeen genotypes in cluster I followed by six genotypes in cluster II and one genotype in cluster III. High heritability was observed for 10 pod weight, number of pods per cluster and number of seeds per pod and moderate heritability was observed for yield per plant. Finlay-Wilkinson stability analysis identified the stable genotypes viz., FMGCV 1378, FMGCV 0958, Arka Suvidha, Valentino, Banoa and VRFBB-14-2 for green pod yield per plant, Cartagenta for pod length (cm) and Paulista, Slender Pack, Arka Suvidha, Valentino, FMGCV 0958, Banoa, FORC 6V 1136, VRFBB-14-1, VRFBB-14-2 for number of pods per plant.


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