scholarly journals Réponses physiologiques par poste de jeu des footballeurs d’élite lors d’un match éprouvant dans un environnement chaud et humide

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1273-1281
Author(s):  
J.M. Bazaba Kayilou ◽  
Alain Boussana ◽  
Judith F. Ahounou Aikpe ◽  
Pierre H. Dansou ◽  
Joachim D. Gbenou
Keyword(s):  
Water Loss ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Football Player ◽  
Atmospheric Temperature ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
Total Distance ◽  
Humid Environment ◽  
Dépense Énergétique ◽  
The Republic

Malgré la hausse de la température atmosphérique pendant la grande saison de pluies, la Fédération Congolaise de Football (FECOFOOT) organise les matchs à 14 heures. Dans le but d’évaluer les paramètres physiologiques des footballeurs par poste de jeu et la distance totale qu’ils parcourent au cours d’un match éprouvant de football en république du Congo. Un match test a été organisé à une température de 39 °C et une humidité relative de 60 %. La fréquence cardiaque d’effort (170,4 ± 8,73 bpm), la température corporelle centrale (37,06 ± 0,20 °C) ainsi que la quantité d’eau consommée au cours du match (2,28 ± 0,37 L) des attaquants étaient plus élevées que les autres joueurs. Par contre, la perte hydrique (3,55 ± 0,55%), la dépense énergétique (868,00 ± 99,52 kcal) et la distance totale parcourue (8,95 ± 0,47 km) des milieux de terrain étaient supérieures aux autres joueurs. Le football pratiqué dans un environnement chaud et humide entraine une contrainte physiologique élevée responsable de la contre performance des footballeurs.  Mots clés : Perte hydrique, performance, footballeur, climat chaud et humide, R. Congo.   English Title: Physiological responses by playing position of elite footballers during a challenging match in a hot and humid environment Despite the rise in atmospheric temperature during the great rainy season, the Congolese Football Federation (FECOFOOT) organizes the matches at 2 pm. For the purpose of evaluating the physiological parameters and the total distance travelled by footballers per playing position during a challenging football match in the republic of Congo. A test match was held in a hot and humid environment with a temperature of 38 °C and a relative humidity of 60%. The exertion heart rate (170.4 ± 8.73 bpm), core body temperature (37.06 ± 0.20 °C) and the amount of water consumed during the match (2.28 ± 0.37 L) of the strikers were higher than those of the other players. In contrast, water loss (3.55 ± 0.55%), energy expenditure (868.00 ± 99.52 kcal) and total distance travelled (8.95 ± 0.47 km) from midfielders were higher than other players. Football played in a hot and humid environment leads to a high physiological stress responsible for the counter-performance of footballers. Keywords: Water loss, performance, football player, hot and humid climate, R. Congo.  

scholarly journals Thermoregulatory Influence of a Cooling Vest on Hyperthermic Athletes

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca M. Lopez ◽  
Michelle A. Cleary ◽  
Leon C. Jones ◽  
Ron E. Zuri
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Cooling Rate ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Athletic Trainers ◽  
Water Immersion ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Humid Environment ◽  
Randomized Control ◽  
Ice Water ◽  
Core Body

Abstract Context: Athletic trainers must have sound evidence for the best practices in treating and preventing heat-related emergencies and potentially catastrophic events. Objective: To examine the effectiveness of a superficial cooling vest on core body temperature (Tc) and skin temperature (Tsk) in hypohydrated hyperthermic male participants. Design: A randomized control design with 2 experimental groups. Setting: Participants exercised by completing the heat-stress trial in a hot, humid environment (ambient temperature  =  33.1 ± 3.1°C, relative humidity  =  55.1 ± 8.9%, wind speed  =  2.1 ± 1.1 km/hr) until a Tc of 38.7 ± 0.3°C and a body mass loss of 3.27 ± 0.1% were achieved. Patients or Other Participants: Ten healthy males (age  =  25.6 ± 1.6 years, mass  =  80.3 ± 13.7 kg). Intervention(s): Recovery in a thermoneutral environment wearing a cooling vest or without wearing a cooling vest until Tc returned to baseline. Main Outcome Measure(s): Rectal Tc, arm Tsk, time to return to baseline Tc, and cooling rate. Results: During the heat-stress trial, Tc significantly increased (3.6%) and, at 30 minutes of recovery, Tc had decreased significantly (2.6%) for both groups. Although not significant, the time for return to baseline Tc was 22.6% faster for the vest group (43.8 ± 15.1 minutes) than for the no-vest group (56.6 ± 18.0 minutes), and the cooling rate for the vest group (0.0298 ± 0.0072°C/min) was not significantly different from the cooling rate for the no-vest group (0.0280 ± 0.0074°C/min). The Tsk during recovery was significantly higher (2.1%) in the vest group than in the no-vest group and was significantly lower (7.1%) at 30 minutes than at 0 minutes for both groups. Conclusions: We do not recommend using the cooling vest to rapidly reduce elevated Tc. Ice-water immersion should remain the standard of care for rapidly cooling severely hyperthermic individuals.

scholarly journals Over time Decay of Cortisol Metabolites in Faecal Pellets of Koalas in Central Queensland

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3376
Author(s):  
Flavia Santamaria ◽  
Rolf Schlagloth ◽  
Rupert Palme ◽  
Joerg Henning
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Faecal Pellets ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Cortisol Metabolites

Faecal material can be a valuable source of information for a range of animal health aspects and can be used to measure faecal cortisol metabolites (FCMs). FCM values can relate to physiological stress responses. However, freshly defecated pellets are not always available and environmental conditions, such as temperature and humidity, might affect faecal pellet consistency and FCM levels. Therefore, the impact of environmental conditions on FCMs needs to be evaluated. We collected 107 pellets from two female and two male koalas, exposed them to three types of treatments, and analysed FCMs in these samples with three enzyme immunoassays (EIAs). After analysis, the original FCM values were mathematically corrected for water loss. Results show that the FCMs were more stable when measured using tetrahydrocorticosterone (50c) and 5α-pregnane-3β,11β,21-triol-20-one (37e) EIAs, and were less stable when measured with the cortisol EIA. With 50c, the FCM values did not vary significantly over time either before or after the adjustment with water in the environment treatment group. For samples kept under constant low (25 °C) and high (35 °C) temperatures, the 50c FCM values did not vary significantly over time, after adjustments were made for water loss. Thus, this study highlights the importance of considering the suitability of faecal field samples for FCM analysis. Because water loss was the main driver of FCM changes, we strongly recommend collecting koala pellets that are freshly defecated, despite the effort and time it might take to collect such pellets.

scholarly journals Metabolic constraints on long-distance migration in birds

1996 ◽  
Vol 199 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Klaassen
Keyword(s):  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Large Species ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Flight Behaviour ◽  
Flight Range ◽  
Ecological Barriers ◽  
Balance Problems

The flight range of migrating birds depends crucially on the amount of fuel stored by the bird prior to migration or taken up en route at stop-over sites. However, an increase in body mass is associated with an increase in energetic costs, counteracting the benefit of fuel stores. Water imbalance, occurring when water loss exceeds metabolic water production, may constitute another less well recognised problem limiting flight range. The main route of water loss during flight is via the lungs; the rate of loss depends on ambient temperature, relative humidity and ventilatory flow and increases with altitude. Metabolite production results in an increased plasma osmolality, also endangering the proper functioning of the organism during flight. Energetic constraints and water-balance problems may interact in determining several aspects of flight behaviour, such as altitude of flight, mode of flight, lap distance and stop-over duration. To circumvent energetic and water-balance problems, a bird could migrate in short hops instead of long leaps if crossing of large ecological barriers can be avoided. However, although necessitating larger fuel stores and being more expensive, migration by long leaps may sometimes be faster than by short hops. Time constraints are also an important factor in explaining why soaring, which conserves energy and water, occurs exclusively in very large species: small birds can soar at low speeds only. Good navigational skills involving accurate orientation and assessment of altitude and air and ground speed assist in avoiding physiological stress during migration.

scholarly journals HENRY'S "HAND OF GOD"

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-56
Author(s):  
Željko Kaluđerović ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Football Player ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Fair Play ◽  
Ontological Status ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
The World ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Rules Of The Game ◽  
International Fair

In this paper the author discusses the views and statements of the French football player Thierry Henry he gave after his illegal play during the playoff match between France and the Republic of Ireland to claim one of the final spots in the World Cup 2010 in South Africa. First, by controlling the ball with his hand before passing it on for the goal Henry has shown disregard for the constitutive rules of football. Then, by stating that he is "not a referee" he demonstrated that for some players rules are not inherent to football and that they can be relativized, given that for them winning is the goal of the highest ontological status. Furthermore, he has rejected the rules of sportsmanship, thus expressing his opinion that the opponents are just obstacles which have to be removed in order to achieve your goals. Henry's action has disrupted major moral values, such as justice, honesty, responsibility and beneficence. The rules of fair play have totally been ignored both in Henry's action and in the Football Association of France's unwillingness to comment on whether a replay should take place. They have ignored one of the basic principles stated in the "Declaration of the International Fair Play Committee", according to which, fair play is much more than playing to the rules of the game; it's about the attitude of the sportsperson. It's about respecting your opponent and preserving his or her physical and psychological integrity. Finally, the author believes that the rules, moral values and fair play in football are required for this game to become actually possible to play.

scholarly journals Subcutaneous dirofilariasis of maxillofacial localization - a rare clinical case

2018 ◽  
Vol 99 (5) ◽  
pp. 829-832
Author(s):  
S S Ksembaev ◽  
O A Ivanov ◽  
O E Torgashova ◽  
A R Khamitova
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Period ◽  
Clinical Case ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Sand Flies ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
Maxillofacial Region ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Insect Bites ◽  
Chronic Course

Dirofilariasis is a tropical helminthosis caused by nematodes - filariae. The are characterized by long incubation period, slow disease development and its long chronic course. Dirofilariasis can be catched from humans and animals, it is transmitted through insect bites (mosquitoes, gadflies, sand flies, midges). Dirofilariasis is endemic to areas with warm and humid climate. In Russia, the disease is atypical, with the absence of mature nematodes and microfilariae in the tissues. This disease is not typical for the Republic of Tatarstan and only isolated cases of parasite localization in the eyeball were previously recorded. The article presents a rare clinical case of subcutaneous localization of nematode of dirofilaria in the maxillofacial region. The patient was diagnosed with tumor-like neoplasm of the maxillofacial region, on the removal of which a live incapsulated parasite was found. The patient had no history of visiting endemic countries.

scholarly journals Evaluating the perception of thermal environment in naturally ventilated schools in a warm and humid climate in Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-25
Author(s):  
Charles Munonye ◽  
Yingchun Ji
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
High Energy ◽  
School Buildings ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
Humid Environment ◽  
Neutral Temperature

Field study was conducted in naturally ventilated primary school buildings in a warm and humid environment in Imo State, Nigeria to determine the thermal comfort perception of young children (aged 7–12 years) and to understand the thermal conditions in the classrooms. The comfort temperature was investigated in two types of classroom buildings during the rainy and dry seasons from October 2017 to May 2018. Approximately 7050 completed valid questionnaires were collected from 330 young children repeatedly surveyed twice a day. The children answered comfort questions at the same time the indoor and outdoor thermal variables were being measured. Results indicated that the combined ‘open-space’ classrooms produced a neutral temperature of 28.8°C with comfort range, 25.2–32.3°C. The neutral temperature of the combined ‘enclosed-plan’ classrooms is 28.1°C with 25.8–30.5°C as the comfort range. The differences in the comfort perceptions may be attributed to the differences in the architectural characteristics of both categories of classroom buildings. High temperature tolerance was shown by the participating children in the study area. This article, therefore, suggests that installing air conditioning in primary schools in the warm humid environment in Nigeria may not be necessary as it could lead to unnecessary energy consumption and carbon emission. Practical application: This work is part of the main research work that pioneers research on thermal comfort in public primary school classrooms in Nigeria. The findings from this study on the acceptable indoor temperatures in naturally ventilated classrooms in the warm and humid climate in Nigeria are important information for building services engineers and architects. The young children in these classrooms can accept high indoor temperatures. The intention of this information is to discourage high energy usage in heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) system in primary school buildings in the study area, while maintaining the acceptable thermal comfort levels.

Assessment of vibration exposure and physiological responses of crew members during Infantry Combat Vehicle (ICV) operation: a pilot study

2018 ◽  
Vol 165 (3) ◽  
pp. 152-158
Author(s):  
Archana A Malhari ◽  
D Bhattacharyya ◽  
K Arya ◽  
T Chatterjee ◽  
M Pal
Keyword(s):  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Vibration Exposure ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Trial Time ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Combat Vehicle

BackgroundOperation of infantry combat vehicle (ICV) influences the cardiorespiratory responses as well as the risk of vibration exposure on the crew members which adversely affect their performance and health.AimTo assess the effect of stress factors, that is, ICV’s compartmental temperature, relative humidity (RH) and vehicular vibration on the physiological parameters (heart rate (HR), respiratory frequency (RF), estimated core body temperature (ECT)) of the crew members during the ICV operation.MethodsA 1 hour run trial of the ICV operation was conducted with its crew members at their respective positions. Compartmental temperature and RH were monitored at an interval of every 15 min during the run trial. Physiological parameters were monitored continuously during the run trial. Whole body vibration (WBV) and hand-arm vibration (HAV) of the crew members were also measured during the run trial time.ResultsThe findings showed a strong positive correlation (p<0.05) between the increasing compartmental temperature and RH with its run trial time. Significant changes were observed in the physiological parameters (p<0.05) along with the increasing run trial time. Additionally, the physiological parameters showed a strong positive correlation with compartmental temperature and RH, respectively (p<0.05). Also, a significant increase (p<0.05) in the muscle strength was recorded after their exposure to ICV operation. The study also confirmed high level of WBV exposure of the crew members during the ICV operation.ConclusionIncrease in HR, RF and ECT along with increase in temperature and RH is a predictive indicator of physiological stress. Moreover, high levels of vibration exposure of various operations may bring deleterious effect on soldiers’ health as well as their performance. Proper ergonomic intervention can reduce exposure to vibration, physiological stress and increase comfort which may ultimately ensure an optimum performance of soldiers and successful completion of mission.

scholarly journals Bioeconomic Performance of Pullets and Layer Hens Fed Soybean Grains-Based Diets in Hot and Humid Climate

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
M. F. Houndonougbo ◽  
C. A. A. M. Chrysostome ◽  
F. Daga Dadjo ◽  
S. L. Adjaho
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Line Layer ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
Heavy Line ◽  
Humid Environment ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Layer Hens ◽  
Dietary Treatments

The aim of this paper was to evaluate the effects of toasted soybean grains on bioeconomic performance of pullets and layer hens in hot and humid environment. A total of 972 three-week-old Harco chicks were divided into 12 groups. At starter, pullet and laying phases, birds were fed four diets containing 0% (R0), 5% (R5), 10% (R10), and 15% (R15) of soybean grains. Results showed similar feed intake, body weight gain, laying rate, feed conversion ratio, and mortality rate between dietary treatments at each phase. The egg weight increased significantly in diet R15 (P<0.05). The use of soybean grains reduced the feed prices. Feeding cost decreased significantly (P<0.05) during growth and laying phases in soybean grains added diets. Feeds efficiency increased significantly (P<0.05) with the increase of dietary soybean grains rate. Properly toasted soybean grains can be therefore included up to 15% in heavy line layer hens’ diet in tropical conditions.

scholarly journals 135 Energy Balance and Water Loss of Two Shade Tree Species over Asphalt and Turf in Contrasting Climates

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 412E-413
Author(s):  
Roger Kjelgren ◽  
Janet Cole
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Vapor Pressure ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Longwave Radiation ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
Silver Maple ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Temperature Surface

We investigated water loss of shade trees over turf and asphalt in an arid and humid climate for Russian olive and silver maple. Total daily tree water loss, and dawn-to-dusk stomatal conductance (gs) and leaf temperature (Tl), as well as air temperature, surface temperature, and vapor pressure deficit, were measured in Logan, Utah, and Stillwater, Okla., in early and mid-summer. Midday air temperatures in mid-summer were similar at both locations, 30 to 35 °C. Comparable vapor pressure deficits (VPD, kPa) were much higher in Logan, 3.5–5.0, than Stillwater, 2–2.5. Differences in humidity and air temperature between asphalt and turf were negligible at both Stillwater and Logan. Midday surface temperatures for asphalt and turf averaged 34 and 50 °C, respectively, in Logan, but were 10 °C higher for both surfaces in Oklahoma. The effect of higher longwave radiation from hotter surfaces on stomatal conductance and water loss of trees over asphalt in Stillwater was not consistently different for either species from those over turf. However, at Logan, Tl of trees over asphalt were consistently 2 to 4 °C higher and gs was 10% to 20% lower than those over turf. Stomatal closure for trees over asphalt resulted in water loss that was the same or slightly lower as trees over turf. The effect of paved surfaces on tree water loss appears to be more pronounced in an arid than a humid climate. The combined effect of higher VPD in an arid region and greater longwave radiation from hotter paved surfaces induces stomatal closure that limits water loss, and likely photosynthesis. By contrast, in humid regions, increased tree radiation interception over asphalt does not appear to trigger stomatal closure due to lower VPD.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document