scholarly journals Analyse phytosociologique de la végétation de la réserve naturelle forestière de Vyanda au Sud-Ouest du Burundi

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 1325-1337
Author(s):  
André Nduwimana ◽  
Richard Habonayo ◽  
Blaise Ndayizeye ◽  
Mathias Hitimana
Keyword(s):  
Anthropogenic Disturbances ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Natural Ecosystem ◽  
Human Pressure ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Floristic Inventory ◽  
Open Forest ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Natural Reserves

La réserve naturelle forestière de Vyanda subit des pressions anthropiques permanentes et risque de disparaître avant qu’elle ne soit étudiée. La présente étude a pour objectif de déterminer la composition et la diversité de la végétation de cette réserve et de motiver la prise des mesures de conservation localement adaptées. L’étude a procédé par l’inventaire de la végétation suivant la méthode du relevé phytosociologique de Braun Blanquet (1932). Des spectres bruts et pondérés des formes biologiques, des types de diaspores et des types phytogéographiques ont été établis. Les résultats de l’inventaire floristique ont fait état de 108 espèces réparties en 81 genres et 41 familles. Sur le plan des formes biologiques et des types de diaspores, les phanérophytes et les sarcochores dominent tandis que les hémicryptophytes de même que les sclérochores sont bien représentés. Sur le plan phytogéographique, l’étude a mis en évidence une forte représentativité de l’élément paléo-africain, de l’élément soudano-zambézien et de l’élément guinéo-congolais. Ces spectres attestent la spécificité de cette réserve comme forêt claire du type miombo tout en mettant en évidence l’impact des perturbations dont elle est victime. L’étude met en évidence la richesse spécifique de la réserve et démontre l’intérêt qu’il y a de prendre des mesures visant à arrêter les perturbations anthropiques et à bien gérer ce milieu naturel. Sa diversité est en effet grande comparé aux autres réserves naturelles du voisinage.   English title: Phytosociological analysis of the vegetation of the Vyanda natural forest reserve in southwestern Burundi The Vyanda natural forest reserve is under constant human pressure and is in danger of disappearing before it is studied. The objective of this study is to determine the composition and diversity of the vegetation of this reserve and to motivate the taking of locally adapted conservation measures. The study carried out a vegetation inventory using the Braun Blanquet (1932) phytosociological approach. Spectra of life forms, phytogeographical elements and diaspores morphology were established. The results of the floristic inventory revealed 108 species divided into 81 genera and 41 families. In terms of life forms and types of diaspores, phanerophytes and sarcochores dominate when hemicryptophytes as well as sclerochores are well represented. Phytogeographically, the study revealed a strong representativeness of the Paleo-African element, the Sudano-Zambezian element and the Guinean-Congolese element. These spectra attest to the specificity of Vyanda natural forest reserve as an open forest of the miombo type while highlighting the impact of the disturbances that affect it. The study highlights the specific richness of the reserve and its diversity and demonstrates an urgent need to take measures to stop anthropogenic disturbances and well managing this natural ecosystem. Its diversity is indeed great compared to other natural reserves in the region.

Perbandingan Komposisi Tumbuhan Lumut Epifit Pada Hutan Alam, Kebun Kopi dan Kebun Teh di Sepanjang Gradien Ketinggian Gunung Ungaran, Jawa Tengah

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Lilih Khotim Perwati ◽  
Rully Rahadian ◽  
Karyadi Baskoro
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Altitudinal Gradient ◽  
Life Form ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Tea Plantations ◽  
The Impact

Study on the impact of differences in altitude and land use changes was conducted in natural forest, coffee and tea plantations in along altitudinal gradient of Ungaran mountain from 750 to 2040 m a.s.l. The objective of this study were to compare composition of epiphytic bryophytes species in third sites. Epiphytic bryophytes sampling were done in plots 20 x 30 cm were applied on height of tree betwen 0-2 m. A total of 103 species of epiphytics bryophytes were identified, involve 58 species of mosses (Bryophyta Division) and 45 species of liverworts (Marchantiophyta Division). The composition of bryophytes in natural forest is more diverse than in coffee and tea plantations. Lejeunaceae have the highest number of species. There are seven life forms of epiphytic bryophytes in the present study i.e. Turf, Cushion, Mats, Wefts, Dendroid, Pendant  and Fans. The most common is Mats and Turf form, while Pendant and Dendroid form only found in natural forest.   Key words: Bryophytes, epiphytes, altitude, land use changes, life form

scholarly journals The Impact of Human Pressure and Climate Change on the Habitat Availability and Protection of Cypripedium (Orchidaceae) in Northeast China

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Huanchu Liu ◽  
Hans Jacquemyn ◽  
Xingyuan He ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Yanqing Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Changbai Mountains ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Human Pressure ◽  
Terrestrial Orchids ◽  
The Future ◽  
Suitable Habitats ◽  
The Impact

Human pressure on the environment and climate change are two important factors contributing to species decline and overall loss of biodiversity. Orchids may be particularly vulnerable to human-induced losses of habitat and the pervasive impact of global climate change. In this study, we simulated the extent of the suitable habitat of three species of the terrestrial orchid genus Cypripedium in northeast China and assessed the impact of human pressure and climate change on the future distribution of these species. Cypripedium represents a genus of long-lived terrestrial orchids that contains several species with great ornamental value. Severe habitat destruction and overcollection have led to major population declines in recent decades. Our results showed that at present the most suitable habitats of the three species can be found in Da Xing’an Ling, Xiao Xing’an Ling and in the Changbai Mountains. Human activity was predicted to have the largest impact on species distributions in the Changbai Mountains. In addition, climate change was predicted to lead to a shift in distribution towards higher elevations and to an increased fragmentation of suitable habitats of the three investigated Cypripedium species in the study area. These results will be valuable for decision makers to identify areas that are likely to maintain viable Cypripedium populations in the future and to develop conservation strategies to protect the remaining populations of these enigmatic orchid species.

scholarly journals Mapping and Evaluating Human Pressure Changes in the Qilian Mountains

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2400
Author(s):  
Quntao Duan ◽  
Lihui Luo ◽  
Wenzhi Zhao ◽  
Yanli Zhuang ◽  
Fang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Human Activities ◽  
Qilian Mountains ◽  
Western China ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Human Pressure ◽  
Activity Intensity ◽  
Human Footprint ◽  
Illegal Activities ◽  
The Qilian Mountains ◽  
The Impact

Human activities have dramatically changed ecosystems. As an irreplaceable ecological barrier in western China, the Qilian Mountains (QLM) provide various ecosystem services for humans. To evaluate the changes in the intensity of human activities in the QLM and their impact on the ecosystem, the human footprint (HF) method was used to conduct a spatial dataset of human activity intensity. In our study, the NDVI was used to characterize the growth of vegetation, and six categories of human pressures were employed to create the HF map in the QLM for 2000–2015 at a 1-km scale. The results showed that the mean NDVI during the growing season showed a significant increasing trend over the entire QLM in the period 2000–2015, while the NDVI showed a significant declining trend of more than 70% concentrated in Qinghai. Human pressure throughout the QLM occurred at a low level during 2000–2015, being greater in the eastern region than the western region, while the Qinghai area had greater human pressure than the Gansu area. Due to the improvement in traffic facilities, tourism, overgrazing, and other illegal activities, grasslands, shrublands, forests, wetlands, and bare land were the vegetation types most affected by human activities (in decreasing order). As the core area of the QLM, the Qilian Mountains National Nature Reserve (NR) has effectively reduced the impact of human activities. However, due to the existence of many ecological historical debts caused by unreasonable management in the past, the national park established in 2017 is facing great challenges to achieve its goals. These data and results will provide reference and guidance for future protection and restoration of the QLM ecosystem.

scholarly journals Inadequate management of natural ecosystem in the Brazilian Amazon region results in the emergence and reemergence of arboviruses

2001 ◽  
Vol 17 (suppl) ◽  
pp. S155-S164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro F. C. Vasconcelos ◽  
Amélia P. A. Travassos da Rosa ◽  
Sueli G. Rodrigues ◽  
Elizabeth S. Travassos da Rosa ◽  
Nicolas Dégallier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Brazilian Amazon ◽  
Host Population ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Natural Ecosystem ◽  
Brazilian Amazon Region ◽  
Mining Dam ◽  
The Impact

A total of 187 different species of arboviruses and other viruses in vertebrates were identified at the Evandro Chagas Institute (IEC) from 1954 to 1998, among more than 10,000 arbovirus strains isolated from humans, hematophagous insects, and wild and sentinel vertebrates. Despite intensive studies in the Brazilian Amazon region, especially in Pará State, very little is known about most of these viruses, except for information on date, time, source, and method of isolation, as well as their capacity to infect laboratory animals. This paper reviews ecological and epidemiological data and analyzes the impact of vector and host population changes on various viruses as a result of profound changes in the natural environment. Deforestation, mining, dam and highway construction, human colonization, and urbanization were the main manmade environmental changes associated with the emergence and/or reemergence of relevant arboviruses, including some known pathogens for humans.

scholarly journals COVID -19: INCESSANT LOCKDOWNS IMPACT ON TRIBAL COMMUNITY IN INDIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 613-619
Author(s):  
Prof.P.Manjushree ◽  
P.Geetha
Keyword(s):  
Life Forms ◽  
Tribal Community ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Mahatma Gandhi ◽  
Rural Employment ◽  
Tribal Communities ◽  
Policy Measures ◽  
Employment Guarantee ◽  
The Impact

It is a well-documented fact that COVID -19 pandemic is having a ravaging effect across the world, lives, livelihoods, lifestyles, life forms and more have been heavily impacted. To control the spread of pandemic Indian government adopted different approaches like - three weeks lockdown imposing social distancing, closure of non essential and businesses and very high restrictions on the mobility of people. All these measure had repercussions on the economy and severe impact among the tribal communities because of limited resources of livelihood, lack of access to Covid-19 testing and healthcare facilities, disruption of supply chains etc. According to government sources more than 10 crore forest dwellers depend on minor forest produce (MFPs) for earning income to meet their basic expenses. Due to the extensive lock down measures government failed to provide employment to tribal people under schemes like the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) and Pradhan Mantri Van Dhan Yojana (PMVDY). This has triggered an increase in the dependence of the tribal population on the sale of forest produce. Ministry of Tribal Affairs (MoTA) should plan more supportive policy measures to reduce the impact of the pandemic on the living conditions of the tribal community.The paper focusses on the first wave of the pandemic and its impact on tribal community. KEY WORDS: COVID -19,lock down, tribal community, impact, minor forest produce(MFPS), ministry of tribal affairs (MoTA), Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA).

scholarly journals Effect of fungus Heterobasidion Annosum (FR) bref. on fir and spruce dying in the region of the NP "Durmitor" and "Biogradska gora"

2002 ◽  
pp. 49-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milosav Andjelic
Keyword(s):  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Heterobasidion Annosum ◽  
Parasitic Fungus ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Abiotic Factor ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Virgin Forest ◽  
Long Period ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Impact

Several adverse factors of abiotic and biotic nature affect the vitality and decline of spruce and fir in the region of NP "Durmitor" and NP "Biogradska Gora". The most significant adverse abiotic factor is air pollution. Among the adverse biotic factors, the most significant is by all means the parasitic fungus Heterobasidion annosum. The damage caused by this fungus is especially severe in spruce and fir stands in the region of the NP "Durmitor". The infection intensity is approximately the same in both species. The damage caused by H. annosum is greater in the forests of NP "Durmitor", than in the forests of NP "Biogradska Gora". This can be explained by the fact that spruce and fir stands on Durmitor were felled without maintaining the forest order. In the virgin forest reserve NP "Biogradska Gora" in the past there were no fellings, i.e. the impact of anthropogenic factors was excluded. Fungus H. annosum cannot be eliminated form spruce and fir stands on Durmitor, but the treatment of stumps (immediately after the sanitation felling) with "Penofil" or "Borax" can check the velocity of its spread. In this way, the forest is given an opportunity to form more resistant populations through a long period by natural selection .

scholarly journals Effects of Baekje Weir Operation on the Stream–Aquifer Interaction in the Geum River Basin, South Korea

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 2984
Author(s):  
Hyeonju Lee ◽  
Min-Ho Koo ◽  
Byong Wook Cho ◽  
Yong Hwa Oh ◽  
Yongje Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Groundwater Flow ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Flow System ◽  
Natural Ecosystem ◽  
Visual Modflow ◽  
Ecosystem Recovery ◽  
Groundwater Use ◽  
Groundwater Flow System ◽  
The Impact

Hydraulic structures have a significant impact on riverine environment, leading to changes in stream–aquifer interactions. In South Korea, 16 weirs were constructed in four major rivers, in 2012, to secure sufficient water resources, and some weirs operated periodically for natural ecosystem recovery from 2017. The changed groundwater flow system due to weir operation affected the groundwater level and quality, which also affected groundwater use. In this study, we analyzed the changes in the groundwater flow system near the Geum River during the Baekje weir operation using Visual MODFLOW Classic. Groundwater data from 34 observational wells were evaluated to analyze the impact of weir operation on stream–aquifer interactions. Accordingly, the groundwater discharge rates increased from 0.23 to 0.45 cm/day following the decrease in river levels owing to weir opening, while the hydrological condition changed from gaining to losing streams following weir closure. The variation in groundwater flow affected the groundwater quality during weir operation, changing the groundwater temperature and electrical conductivity (EC). Our results suggest that stream–aquifer interactions are significantly affected by weir operation, consequently, these repeated phenomena could influence the groundwater quality and groundwater use.

scholarly journals The Impact of Nickel Mining on Soil Properties and Growth of Two Fast-Growing Tropical Trees Species

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Ricksy Prematuri ◽  
Maman Turjaman ◽  
Takumi Sato ◽  
Keitaro Tawaraya
Keyword(s):  
Forest Soil ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Natural Forest ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Nickel Mining ◽  
The Impact

Opencast nickel mining is common in natural forests of Indonesia. However, rehabilitation of postmining degraded land is difficult. We investigated the effect of opencast nickel mining on soil chemical properties and the growth of two fast-growing tropical tree species, Falcataria moluccana and Albizia saman. Soil was collected from post-nickel mining land and a nearby natural forest. Soil pH, available phosphorus (P) concentration, total carbon (TC) and total nitrogen (TN) concentration, C/N ratio, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and exchangeable K, Na, Mg, Ca, Fe, and Ni concentrations were determined. Falcataria moluccana and A. saman were then grown in the collected soils for 15 weeks in a greenhouse. Shoot height and shoot and root dry weights of the seedlings were measured. The post--nickel mining soils TN, TC, available P, CEC, and exchangeable Ca and Na concentrations decreased by 98%, 93%, 11%, 62%, 85%, and 74%, respectively, in comparison with the natural forest soils. The pH of postmining soil was higher than natural forest soil. Shoot dry weight of F. moluccana seedlings grown in postmining soil was significantly ( P < 0.05 ) lower than that of seedlings grown in natural forest soil. However, there was no difference in shoot dry weight between A. saman seedlings grown in natural forest soil and postmining soil, as well as root dry weights of both species. The results indicate that opencast nickel mining decreased soil fertility, which subsequently inhibited the growth of F. moluccana and A. saman seedlings.

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