Growth and yield performances of three maize varieites as influenced by poultry manure and planting patterns

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 7-25
Author(s):  
A.K. Adebayo ◽  
O.T. Ayoola ◽  
F.B. Anjorin ◽  
T.E. Oladehinde
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Planting Pattern ◽  
Maize Varieties

The need for available space for individual plants grown in a community and good soil fertility management ensure high yield and quality of crop produce. A field experiment was carried out in the early planting season between May-September, 2015 at the Institute of Agricultural Research and Training Stations (Ibadan and Ilora) Nigeria, to determine the effects of poultry manure and planting patterns on growth, yield components and dry matter accumulation of three maize varieties. Treatments included (i) 90 x 40 cm+ 0t/ha, (ii) 90 x 40 cm+ 5 t/ha,(iii) 90 x 40 cm+10 t/ha (iv) 75 x 50 cm + 0 t/ha (v) 75 x 50 cm + 5 t/ha (vi) 75 x 50 cm + 10 t/ha planting patterns- poultry manure combinations and three maize varieties (ART98-SW8, ART98-SW-1 and SUWAN-1-SR-Y) using randomized complete block design with three replications per treatment. From the result, the combination of 90 x 40 cm planting pattern with10 t/ha of poultry manure significantly increased growth, yield components and dry matter accumulation than other treatments, exceptfor plant height where the 70 x 50 planting pattern with 10 t/ha poultry had the tallest plants. The growth and grain yield of ART98-SW-performed better than the other maize varieties. Planting maize at 90 x 40cm spacing together with the application of 10 t/ha poultry manure enhanced grain yield of maize. Keywords; Dry matter accumulation, Maize grain yield, spacing, poultry manure, maize varieties

scholarly journals Effects of Organic Fertilizer and HB101 Plant Vitalizer on the Growth and Yield of Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 357-369
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Loan ◽  
Nguyen Ngoc Hung
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Area Index

To study the effects of organic fertilizer and HB101 organic plant vitalizer on the growth and yield components of the BH9 rice variety, a field experiment with 4 x 3 factorial design was conducted at Hong Thai commune, Kien Xuong district, Thai Binh province in 2017 summer season using a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Organic fertilizer derived from chicken manure and peat was applied at 3 levels (0 ton ha-1, 4 tons ha-1, and 6 tons ha-1) while the HB101 plant vitalizer was sprayed in 4 levels (0%, 0.015%, 0.025%, and 0.035%; the amount of water to dilute HB101 was 1000 litre ha-1). The application of the organic fertilizer alone and the combination of organic fertilizer and HB101 positively increased the total tiller number, effective tiller number, leaf area index (LAI), SPAD value, dry matter accumulation, yield components, and grain yield of rice. There were also differences in the SPAD values (at flowering stage), dry matter weight (at active tillering stage), and 1000 grain weight under the influence of the HB101 solution. The combination of 6 tons ha-1 organic fertilizer and  HB101 significantly increased the grain yield as compared to the other treatments, and the highest grain yield (3.03 tons ha-1) was obtained when  organic fertilizer (6 tons ha-1) was applied in combination with HB101 plant vitalizer (0.025%).

The growth and yield of uniculm and tillered barley over a range of sowing rates

1990 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 449 ◽  
Author(s):  
GK McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Grain Yields ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Waite Agricultural Research Institute

The growth and yield of two lines of uniculm barley, WID-103 and WID-105, were compared over a range of sowing rates (50-400 kg/ha) with the commercial varieties Galleon and Schooner. The experiments were conducted at Strathalbyn, S.A., in 1986, 1987 and 1988 and at the Waite Agricultural Research Institute in 1987. A third tillered variety, Clipper, was included in the comparison in 1988. Over the three years plant populations measured early in the season ranged from 39/m2 to 709/m2, and grain yields from 97 to 41 1 g/m2. Dry matter production at ear emergence increased with greater plant density, and both the tillered varieties and the uniculm lines showed similar responses to higher sowing rates. At maturity, dry matter production of the tillered barleys was greater than or equal to that of the uniculms and the harvest indices (HIs) of the two types were similar. Consequently, grain yields of the tillered types were greater than or equal to the yields of the uniculms. Over the four experiments the tillered varieties had a 6% higher yield. The number of ears/m2 was the yield component most affected by plant density in both the tillered and uniculm barleys. The uniculm lines had more spikelets/ear, but tended to set fewer grains/spikelet and produce smaller kernels. The experiments failed to demonstrate any advantage of the uniculm habit to the grain yield of barley. These results differ from previous experiments that showed that a uniculm line, WID-101, had a higher yield than the tillered variety Clipper. It is suggested that the uniculm habit per se was not the cause of this higher yield, but its higher HI resulted in it outyielding Clipper. Current varieties, however, have HIs similar to the uniculm lines and yield equally to or more than the uniculm barleys examined. To further improve the grain yield of uniculm barley, greater dry matter production is necessary as the HIs of these lines are already high.

scholarly journals Grain Yield and Yield Components of Quality Protein Maize Genotypes as Influenced by Irrigation and Plant Population in the Nigerian Savannah

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 166 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. Sani ◽  
I. U. Abubakar ◽  
A. M. Falaki ◽  
H. Mani ◽  
M. M. Jaliya
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Quality Protein Maize ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Yield And Yield Components

An experiment was conducted to assess the yield and yield components of QPM genotypes to plant population under irrigated conditions in a semi arid ecology of Northern Nigeria. Field trials were conducted at the Irrigation Research Station, Institute for Agricultural Research, Kadawa (11° 39'N, 08° 20'E) and 500 m above sea level) during dry seasons 2007, 2008 and 2009 to study the effect of (Zea mays L.) genotypes (TZE-W Pop X 1368, EV-DT W99 STR and DMR-ESRW), four plant population (33333, 44444, 55555 and 66666 plants ha-1) and three irrigation scheduling (40, 60 and 80 centibars soil moisture tension) on the growth and yield of quality protein maize. A split plot design was used with combinations of genotypes and irrigation regimes assigned to the main plot and plant population assigned to the sub-plot. The treatments were replicated three times. The study revealed that genotype EV-DT W99 STR had significantly higher weight of ears per plant, cob length, cob diameter, number of rows per cob, 100 grain weight, grain yield, shelling percentage and harvest index than the other two genotypes used in the trial. Irrigating at 40 and 60 centibars significantly increased weight of ears per plant, while delayed irrigation significantly depressed total dry matter production. Based on the results obtained in this study, it can be concluded that the use of genotype EV-DT W99 STR, at 60 centibars irrigation scheduling and population of 55,555 plants ha-1 had resulted in good agro-physiological characters of QPM at Kadawa.

Growth and yield of determinate and indeterminate cowpeas in dryland agriculture

1980 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Chaturvedi ◽  
P. K. Aggarwal ◽  
S. K. Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Growth Habit ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Peak Period ◽  
Legume Crop ◽  
Pod Development ◽  
The Tropics

SummaryCowpea is an important food legume crop of arid and semi-arid regions of the tropics. In such climates whether a determinate or indeterminate type of growth habit would be more useful is not clear. In the present study a determinate and indeterminate cultivar of cowpea were grown at two population densities under rainfed conditions for 2 years. Grain yield was higher in the indeterminate variety for both years. At higher density more dry matter was produced but it had no effect on grain yield. Nitrogen analysis showed that it moved from leaves to developing pods. However, a large amount of nitrogen was still left in vegetative parts in contrast to cereals. Pod development was completed in 19 days and the rate of dry-matter accumulation during the peak period of growth was as high as 120 mg/day per fruit. It was difficult for the plant to cope with this high demand for photosynthates. It is suggested that more pods can develop on a plant provided the growth rate of individual pods is slower and extended to a longer period.

scholarly journals CORRELATIONS AMONG GRAIN YIELD, YIELD AND WEED ATTRIBUTES OF MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.) AS INFLUENCED BY WEED CONTROL METHOD AND POULTRY MANURE RATE IN KANO STATE NIGERIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-284
Author(s):  
Dr. Muhammad Sani Garko ◽  
K. D. Dawaki ◽  
M. A. Yawale ◽  
I. B. Mohammed ◽  
A. Y. Yaroson
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Direct Contribution ◽  
100 Seed Weight

Field trials were conducted during the rainy season of 2017 at Teaching and Research Farm of Bayero University and Kano State Livestock development Centre Dangora. To determine the magnitude and nature of the association between growth characters and grain yield of maize, as well as the percentage contribution of each of this independent variable on the dependant variable (yield).The trails consist of six weed control methods, three levels of poultry manure and three varieties of maize. The experiment was laid out in a split-split plot design with variety allocated to the main plot, poultry manure to the sub-plot while weed control method to the sub-sub plot, and was replicated three times.  Grain yield correlated positively and significantly with growth and yield characters evaluated while weed dry weight and weed index were highly negatively correlated. The direct and indirect contributions results indicate that plant height had the highest direct contribution at BUK and Dangora in 2016 and Doka 2017 while plant dry matter accumulation had the highest direct contribution at Dangora in 2017. Cob diameter had the least direct effect in the study; the highest indirect effect was from cob diameter through plant height. The percentage individual contribution to grain yield showed that plant height made the highest contribution at BUK and Dangora in 2016, while cob diameter at both locations and plant dry matter at Dangora resulted in the least contribution. The combined contribution of dry matter and 100-seed weight was the highest positive contribution at BUK and that of plant height via 100-seed weight all in 2016 while cob length via 100-seed weight made the least negative contribution at BUK.

scholarly journals Growth, Yield-Related Traits and Yield of Lowland Maize (Zea mays L.) Varieties as Influenced by Inorganic NPS and N Fertilizer Rates at Babile, Eastern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Mekuannet K. Belay
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Marginal Rate ◽  
Eastern Ethiopia ◽  
Budget Analysis ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

Appropriate selection of varieties based on agroecologies and application of the right amount and type of fertilizers based on crop requirements are crucially indispensable to maximize maize production. A field experiment was conducted for two consecutive years under main cropping seasons to evaluate the effect of blended NPS and N fertilizer rates on growth, yield components, and yield of open-pollinated maize varieties at the moisture stress area, eastern Ethiopia. The experiment was comprised of two lowland maize varieties, three blended NPS (50, 100, and 150 kg), and three N levels (43.5, 87, and 130.5 kg) ha−1 using a factorial arrangement under a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results showed that the leaf area index, thousand kernel weight, and biomass and grain yields were significantly influenced by the interaction effect of variety × NPS and N in the first growing season. The number of ears per plant, ear length, ear diameter, number of kernels per ear, and biomass yield were significantly affected due to variety in the second growing season. The maximum growth parameters and yield components were recorded from Baate and 150 kg blended NPS. Grain yield and harvest index were statistically affected by interaction effects of variety × NPS and N in both years. Therefore, the highest grain yield (9.7 t·ha−1) was produced from Baate at a combined application of 150 kg NPS and 130.5 kg N·ha−1. The partial budget analysis also confirmed that the highest net benefit (2,033.4 USD) with the highest marginal rate of return (3106.9%) was obtained at Baate variety where plants were fertilized with 150 NPS and 130.5 kg N·ha−1. In conclusion, an integrated application of 150 NPS + 130.5 kg N·ha−1 to Baate variety is agronomically optimum and economically realistic fertilizer level to get a higher grain yield in the study area.

Efficacy of Post Emergence Herbicides in Groundnut

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. U. Kakade ◽  
J. P. Deshmukh ◽  
M. S. Solanke ◽  
S. S. Thakare ◽  
W. V. More
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Pod Yield

Background: Groundnut encounters severe infestation of weed especially during the early stages of growth due to less crop canopy which allows higher weeds growth and thus crop becomes more susceptible to weed competition. During rainy season, effective and economical weed control is not possible through manual and mechanical weeding due to unfavorable soil conditions and also the unavailability of costly labours. Herbicides have been accepted as cost effective tool to manage weed menace in groundnut. The current study aims to study the efficancy of different post-emergence and pre-mix combination of post-emergence herbicides on weeds, growth and yield of groundnut. Methods: The field experiment was conducted at AICRP Weed Management field, Department of Agronomy, Dr. Panjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidyapeeth, Akola (M.S.) during three consecutive Kharif seasons of 2015- 2017. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with ten treatments replicated thrice. The treatments comprised of one pre emergence and five different post emergence herbicides and compared with weed free and weedy check. Result: The results revealed that weed free was found most effective to control weeds in groundnut with lowest weed count, weed dry matter of weeds and maximum gross monetary returns (Rs.117641/ha), net monetary returns (Rs.80894/ha). Among the herbicides, application of Imazethapyr + Imazomox 0.10 kg /ha POE 20 DAS produced less weed count and weed dry matter and highest weed control efficiency (80.68%) and lower weed index (6.71% ) as well as maximum growth, yield attributes and pod yield in groundnut over all the other herbicidal treatments viz. plant height (30.25), dry matter accumulation (18.11g), number of pods/plant (32.35) and pod yield (2448 kg/ha) and highest pooled B:C ratio (3.74).

scholarly journals Comparative effects of some soil amendments on the agronomic performance of maize varieties in a low fertile soil

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-195
Author(s):  
Kolawole E. LAW-OGBOMO ◽  
Remande AHMADU ◽  
Sunday A. OGEDEGBE
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Amendments ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Fertile Soil ◽  
Maize Varieties

A field study was conducted in cropping seasons to determine the comparative effects of some soil amendments on postharvest soil chemical properties and performance of maize (Zea mays L.) in humid low fertile soil. The experiment was laid out in 3 x 4 split plot arrangement, fitted into a randomized complete block design with three replications. The main plots were maize varieties (‘SUWAN-I-SR’, ‘Oba 98’ and ‘Uselu’ local maize) and the subplots were soil amendments (control, poultry manure, cattle manure and NPK). Data were collected on growth parameters (plant heights (cm), number of leaves, leaf area index and stem girth) at 50% silking stage. At harvest, data were collected on grain yield components and several soil chemical properties. The results showed that the variety had significant (p<0.05) effect on growth and yield performance of maize. Fertilizer application significantly (p<0.05) improved maize vegetative characters. The fertilized plants were higher in all the parameters accessed than the unfertilized plants. ‘SUWAN-1-SR’ had the highest grain yield (2.49 t ha-1). The highest grain yield of 2.22 and 2.11 t ha-1 were produced from plants fertilized with NPK and poultry manure, respectively. Variety significantly (p<0.05) influenced organic carbon, available P, exchangeable acidity (H+ and Al3+). Poultry and cattle manures improved soil fertility through increase in soil pH, organic carbon and exchangeable cations. Since NPK and poultry manure had the highest grain yield, poultry manure could be used as viable option for maize production in low fertile soil environment, due to low cost and for environmental cleanliness.

scholarly journals Effect of Poultry Manure Incorporated with Nitrogenous and Sulfur Fertilizer on the Growth, Yield, Chlorophyll and Nutrient Contents of Rice Var. BRRI dhan33

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-111
Author(s):  
D Sarker ◽  
S Mazumder ◽  
S Kundu ◽  
F Akter ◽  
SK Paul
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Recommended Dose

The experiment was conducted in the farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from August to December 2012 to study the effect of various combinations of organic manure and inorganic fertilizer on the growth, yield, chlorophyll and nutrient content of rice var. BRRI dhan33. The treatment consists of T1: 100% Inorganic fertilizer (Recommended dose) + 5 ton poultry manure (PM) /ha , T2: 75 % N of recommended dose + 5 ton PM /ha, T3: 50 % N of recommended dose + 5 ton PM /ha, T4: 25 % N of recommended dose + 5 ton PM /ha, T5: 75 % S of recommended dose + 5 ton PM /ha, T6: 50 % S of recommended dose + 5 ton PM /ha, T7: 25 % S of recommended dose + 5 ton PM /ha, T8: 100% Inorganic fertilizer and T9: 5 ton PM /ha. Significant variation was found in growth and yield parameters as well as in chlorophyll content and nutrient content of aman rice. The most of the growth parameters ( plant height, leaf length and diameter, leaf number and total tiller plant-1) results were found better in 100% Inorganic fertilizer + 5 ton PM ha-1 which was statistically similar with 75 % of recommended dose of S + 5 ton PM ha-1, 75 % of recommended dose of N + 5 ton PM ha-1and followed by 50 % of recommended dose of S + 5 ton PM ha-1,respectively while the lowest from 5 ton/ha PM treatment. On the other hand, significantly higher chlorophyll “a”, “b” and total chlorophyll content were recorded in 100% Inorganic fertilizer + 5 ton PM ha-1and it was closely followed by 75 % of recommended dose of N + 5 ton PM ha-1 and lowest in 5 ton PM ha-1. Number of effective tillers plant-1, panicle length, number of rachis plant-1, filled grain plant-1 and fresh weight of plant were highest in 100% Inorganic fertilizer + 5 ton PM /ha and it was either statistically similar or closely followed by 75 % of recommended dose of S + 5 ton PM ha-1. Higher grain yield (4.18 t ha-1) was recorded in T1 which was statistically similar with T5 (4.13 t ha-1) whereas lowest grain yield (3.67 t ha-1) was from sole PM. Similarly, N content in grain and N, K content in straw were also showed similar trend. S content in grain and P, S content in straw were higher in 75 % of recommended dose of S + 5 ton PM /ha compared to other fertilizer treatments. Lowest N and S content in grain and N, P, K, S content in straw were found from the treatment using poultry manure only.Bangladesh Agron. J. 2015, 18(1): 99-111

scholarly journals Stereoscopic Planting in Ridge and Furrow Increases Grain Yield of Maize (Zea mays L.) by Reducing the Plant’s Competition for Water and Light Resources

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 20
Author(s):  
Shoutian Ma ◽  
Fujian Mei ◽  
Tongchao Wang ◽  
Zhandong Liu ◽  
Shouchen Ma
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
High Density ◽  
Light Transmittance ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Competition Intensity ◽  
Planting Pattern ◽  
Competition For Light

Increasing planting density is an important ways to increase maize yield. A hot topic of conversation in the current research is how to improve crop light efficiency and yield potential by optimizing the cultivation mode under high density planting is a hot topic in current research. Thus, in this study, a field experiment was conducted to explore the effects of stereo-planting patterns on water and the utilization light resource and maize yields. Planting patterns included the conventional flat planting pattern (as the control, CK) and the stereo-planting in ridge and furrow (T). Each planting pattern had three planting densities, i.e., 60,000 plants ha−1 (D1), 75,000 plants ha−1 (D2) and 90,000 plants ha−1 (D3). The results showed that stereo-planting affected the physiological characteristics of plants by changing the spatial distribution of soil moisture. At the silking stage (R1), photosynthetic rate (Pn) of plants on the ridge was similar to CK, and transpiration rate (Tr) was significantly lower than that of CK. Pn of maize in the furrow was significantly higher than that of CK, and Tr was similar to CK. Stereoscopic planting had different effects on intraspecific competition intensity in maize population in different growing stages. In the six-leaf stage (V6), stereo-planting increased competition intensity of maize on the ridge, but lowered that of maize in the furrow by affecting the spatial distribution of soil moisture. During the R1 stage, stereo-planting increased the light transmittance rate within the canopy and eased the plant’s competition for light by reducing plant height and leaf area of maize under three density conditions. Stereo-planting had no effect on grain yield and dry matter accumulation of ridge-planted maize in the later growing stage, but it did increased the dry matter accumulation and grain yield of furrow-planted maize due to the improvement of the light environment and photosynthetic characteristics of the population. In two test years, stereo-planting increased 5.0–11.0% average yield of maize compared to CK under three density conditions. These results indicate that stereo-planting can reduce the plant’s competition for light and water resources and improve its physiological traits of plant by optimizing its spatial distribution of soil moisture and canopy structure, thus further increasing grain yield of maize under high-density planting conditions.

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