Prevalence and diversity of Gastro-intestinal parasites in captive wild animals in Northern Nigeria.

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Kamani ◽  
E.G Msheliza ◽  
J.P Yidawi ◽  
A Sada ◽  
U.A Turaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Helminth Species ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Parasitological Survey

Copro-parasitological survey of 217 captive wild animals belonging to 17 orders from northern Nigeria was conducted.Faecal samples were collected from the wild animals in zoological gardens in four states and analysed using the flotation andsimple sedimentation techniques. Overall, parasite eggs or cysts were detected in 47% (n=102) of the animals examined.High parasite prevalence, 80%, 75%, 71%, 60 % and 50% were recorded for members of the orders Testudines,Perissodactyla, Artiodactyla, Primates and Rodentia respectively. Multiple infections involving two or three parasite taxawere recorded in some of the captive wild animals examined with a significant association (p<0.05) between the animals andnematode eggs, Taenia eggs and Eimeria oocysts. Others helminth species such as Ascaris, Hookworm, Enterobius,Entamoeba, Trichuris and Strongyloides were also detected. This calls for caution as the wild animals may serve as source ofinfection to attendants and visitors to the zoos. Keywords: parasites, zoonoses, ecology, conservation, wildlife, Nigeria

scholarly journals Cardiorespiratory and gastrointestinal parasites of dogs in north-west Italy

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 318-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Guardone ◽  
M. Magi ◽  
M. C. Prati ◽  
F. Macchioni
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Toxocara Canis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
North West ◽  
Sampling Programme ◽  
Trichuris Vulpis ◽  
Toxascaris Leonina ◽  
Eucoleus Boehmi

SummaryThe present study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of gastrointestinal and cardio-respiratory parasites in dogs in Liguria (northwest Italy) which is a region that has scarcely been studied. A total of 450 dogs (260 males and 190 females) were enrolled in the study from 2009 and 2013. All dogs lived in a rural or semi-rural environment in the provinces of Imperia (n = 352) or Savona (n = 98), Liguria. Coprological examinations showed that 197 dogs (43.8 %, CI 38.7-48.9 %) were infected by parasites. Specifically, 3.3 % of the dogs presented only cardio-respiratory species, 32.4 % only intestinal species, and 8.0 % presented a mixed infection.The most frequent intestinal parasites wereToxocara canis(20 %),Trichuris vulpis(17.8 %), Ancylostomatidae (12 %), Coccidia (2.7 %),Aonchotheca putorii(1.8 %) andToxascaris leonina(1.8 %). The cardio-respiratory species found wereEucoleus aerophilus(9.6 %),Eucoleus boehmi(1.6 %),Angiostrongylus vasorum(0.7 %), andCrenosoma vulpis(0.2 %). A total of 116 dogs (25.8 %) were parasitized by a single species, multiple infections were observed in 81 dogs (18.0 %) up to a six-order infection.This preliminary study highlighted that the prevalence of intestinal parasites in investigated area is high. Cardio respiratory parasites were detected in an area that has not been investigated before. The creation of a more extensive sampling programme of the area, on a provincial basis in order to build a more detailed map of prevalences for different species of dog parasites throughout Liguria, a more extensive sampling programme of the area needs to be created - ideally for each province.

scholarly journals Domiciliary Cockroaches as Carriers of Human Intestinal Parasites in Lagos Metropolis, Southwest Nigeria: Implications for Public Health

2018 ◽  
pp. 141-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adedotun A Adenusi ◽  
Mary I Akinyemi ◽  
Dele Akinsanya
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Housing Type ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Southwest Nigeria

Background: Domiciliary cockroaches are obnoxious pests of significant medical importance. We investigated the prevalence of human intestinal parasites in cockroaches and its attendant public health importance. Methods: Overall, 749 cockroaches (Periplaneta americana, 509, Blattella germanica, 240) caught by trapping from 120 households comprising 3 different housing types in Somolu, Lagos metropolis, southwest Nigeria, in 2015 were screened for human intestinal parasites using standard parasitological techniques. Results: The prevalence of human intestinal parasites in cockroaches was 96.4%. There was no statistically signifi­cant difference (P> 0.05) in parasite prevalences between P. americana (95.7%) and B. germanica (97.9%). Parasite species identified and their prevalence were as follows: Entamoeba histolytica/dispar (44.1%), E. coli (37.8%), Gi­ardia lamblia (18.7%), Cryptosporidium sp. (13.8%), Ascaris lumbricoides (61.3%), Trichuris trichiura (55.8%), hookworms (11.6%), Strongyloides stercoralis (11.7%), Taenia/Echinococcus spp. (10.5%), Enterobius vermicularis (17.2%) and Hymenolepis nana (11.6%). Parasite prevalence and burdens varied with housing type; the prevalence was significantly higher statistically (P< 0.05) in cockroaches from low-cost bungalow, LCB (100%) and low-cost, 2-storey, LC2-S (100%) houses than in medium-cost flats, MCF (81.3%). Parasite burdens were also significantly higher statistically (P< 0.05) in cockroaches from LCB or LC2-S than in cockroaches from MCF. Parasite preva­lences between cockroach gut and body surfaces were not statistically significant (P> 0.05) but mean parasite bur­dens in gut were significantly higher statistically (P< 0.05) than on body surfaces. Conclusion: Cockroaches types carry transmissive stages of human intestinal parasites and may act as reservoirs and potential mechanical vectors for disease transmission.

scholarly journals Development of Conventional Multiplex PCR: A Rapid Technique for Simultaneous Detection of Soil-Transmitted Helminths

Pathogens ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivornpun Sanprasert ◽  
Ruthairat Kerdkaew ◽  
Siriporn Srirungruang ◽  
Sarit Charuchaibovorn ◽  
Kobpat Phadungsaksawasdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiplex Pcr ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Soil Transmitted Helminths ◽  
Stool Samples

Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) are the most common intestinal parasites infecting humans worldwide. STH infections are a major cause of morbidity and disability. Accurate diagnostic tools are pivotal for assessing the exact prevalence of parasitic infections. Microscopic examination and culture techniques have been used to observe the presence of eggs or larvae of parasites in stool samples, but they are time-consuming and have low sensitivity. Therefore, accurate, simple, and inexpensive diagnostic techniques are still required for simultaneous detection of STH infections. Although molecular-based techniques, such as real-time PCR and multiplex real-time PCR, have been developed, they are not suitable for routine diagnosis due to the requirement for expensive reagents and instruments. In this study, we established a conventional multiplex PCR for simultaneous rapid detection of Ascaris lumbricoides, Necator americanus, and Strongyloides stercoralis in stool samples. Our results show that the multiplex PCR could detect the DNA of STHs at a very low target gene concentrations (lower than 1 pg) with no cross-amplification. Multiplex PCR had five times higher sensitivity than the formalin–ethyl acetate concentration technique (FECT) in the detection of multiple infections, and two times higher for detection of S. stercoralis. However, multiplex PCR was comparable to FECT in the detection of A. lumbricoides and N. americanus. In conclusion, this method could be used as an alternative method for the detection of STHs, especially for S. stercoralis.

scholarly journals Natural infection by endoparasites among free-living wild animals

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 302-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciane Holsback ◽  
Mauro José Lahm Cardoso ◽  
Rafael Fagnani ◽  
Thaís Helena Constantino Patelli
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Natural Infection ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Toxocara Cati ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Wild Mammals ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Rehabilitation Centers

The objective of this study was to investigate the frequency of occurrence and variety of intestinal parasites among free-living wild animals. Fecal samples from wild mammals and birds at rehabilitation centers in the states of Mato Grosso do Sul and São Paulo were analyzed by sedimentation and flotation-centrifugation methods. Parasite eggs, oocysts, cysts and/or trophozoites were found in 71% of the samples. Cryptosporidiumsp. oocysts were detected in fecal samples from oncillas (Leopardus tigrinus) and scaly-headed parrots (Pionus maximiliani). Giardia cysts were identified in the feces of a gray brocket (Mazama gouazoubira). Among the most common parasites found, there were eggs from Toxocara cati,Toxascaris leonina and Ancylostoma tubaeforme, and from Cestoda. Several Enterobiussp. eggs were found in the feces of red howler monkeys (Alouatta seniculus). It can be concluded from this study that despite the small number of samples, the diversity of parasites found was noteworthy. Additional information about parasite endofauna in wild animals is needed, since their presence might suggest that there could be proximity to and interactions with domestic animals and/or humans. In addition, further studies on parasites from free-living wild animals are of prime importance for understanding the intensity of anthropic changes in wild environments.

Parasitic infections detected by FLOTAC in zoo mammals from Warsaw, Poland

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianpaolo Maesano ◽  
Michele Capasso ◽  
Davide Ianniello ◽  
Giuseppe Cringoli ◽  
Laura Rinaldi
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Zoological Garden ◽  
Toxocara Cati ◽  
Enterobius Vermicularis ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Eimeria Spp ◽  
Intestinal Parasitism ◽  
Specific Control

AbstractThe aim of this study was to estimate the occurrence of intestinal parasites in groups of mammals kept in the Warsaw zoological garden (Poland). 71 pools of fecal samples were analyzed using the FLOTAC techniques. 48% of animals were positive and 47% of positivities showed multiple infections. Toxocara cati (71.4%) was found in felines; marsupials were infected with Coccidia (90%). Giardia spp. (24.0%), Blastocystis spp. (12.3%), Iodamoeba spp. (10.0%), Enterobius vermicularis (6.0%) and Entamoeba coli (3.3%) were found in primates. Gastrointestinal strongyles (60.5%) were prevalent in ruminants which resulted positive also to Coccidia (Eimeria spp. = 50.0%), Trichuris spp. (25.0%) and Nematodirus (14.0%). Strongyles (34.0%) were the most frequent parasites in monogastric herbivores, followed by Parascaris equorum (17.0%). None of the animals showed any symptom associated with gastrointestinal parasitic infections. According to our results the need to prevent, diagnose, control, and treat intestinal parasitism trough specific control programs is mandatory for animal welfare in order to limit the spread of parasitic infections in animals and humans.

The occurrence of zoonotic parasites in rural dog populations from northern Portugal

2013 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.S. Cardoso ◽  
I.M.H. Costa ◽  
C. Figueiredo ◽  
A. Castro ◽  
M.A.P. Conceição
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Rural Region ◽  
Northern Portugal ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Factor Evaluation ◽  
Zoonotic Parasites

AbstractA survey of intestinal parasites in dogs was carried out in a rural region around Cantanhede, in northern Portugal, where 301 dog faecal samples were collected from small-ruminant farms. Saturated salt flotation and formol–ether sedimentation techniques were used. An enquiry was conducted in 234 farms and a risk factor evaluation for zoonotic helminths was determined among the 195 farmers who owned dogs. The overall parasite prevalence in faecal samples of dogs was 58.8%, with specific prevalences for Ancylostomidae being 40.9% followed by species of Trichuris (29.9%), Toxocara (8%), Isospora (4%), Capillaria (0.7%) and Spirometra (0.3%). Taeniidae eggs were present in five samples (1.7%) which were analysed with the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique and revealed to be from Taenia sp., and not Echinococcusgranulosus. This rural region has a traditional small-farm system, in which farm products are mainly for in-house consumption and home slaughtering is a current practice (57%). Analysis showed home slaughtering to be a statistically significant risk factor for the presence of Ancylostomidae (P= 0.007) and Toxocara sp. (P= 0.049). Owning cattle was found to be a significant risk factor for Taenia sp. (P= 0.031).

scholarly journals PSVIII-21 Parasite prevalence and fecal egg counts on organic pig farms

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 221-221
Author(s):  
Yuzhi Li ◽  
Alexander Hernandez ◽  
Rick Carr ◽  
Shelby Dukes ◽  
Maria Lou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Herd Size ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Pig Farms ◽  
Production Stages

Abstract Swine parasites present challenges for organic pig farmers and represent suboptimal animal health because the use of synthetic anthelmintics is not allowed. The objective of this study was to investigate prevalence and fecal egg counts (FEC) of three intestinal parasites (Ascaris, Trichuris, and Oesophagostomum) on organic pig farms in the United States. Nine farms across 4 states were investigated. Pigs on all farms were raised within no-confinement facilities, had access to the outdoors or pasture except for one farm that housed sows in a hoop barn, and no use of synthetic anthelmintics from birth to market weight for growing/finishing pigs and from the third trimester of gestation for sows. Herd size varied from 12 to 416 (median=50) pigs. Four to 16 fecal samples were collected in each pen or pasture. A total of 186 samples were analyzed for FEC using the concentrated McMaster technique to yield eggs per gram (epg) of fecal samples. Pigs were categorized as breeders (gestating sows of all parity and boars), growing pigs (2 to 5 months old), or finishing pigs (5 months old to market weight). Results indicate that 56%, 89%, and 44% farms were infected with Oesophagostomum, Ascaris, and Trichuris, respectively. Overall, breeders on infected farms had higher (P=0.01) FEC of Oesophagostomum (1,115 epg ± 1,647 SD) than growing (60 epg ± 9.5 SD) and finishing pigs (237 epg ± 234 SD). Growing and finishing pigs had higher (P&lt; 0.001) FEC of Ascaris (1,733 epg ± 1,208 SD for growing pigs; 1,162 epg ± 630 SD for finishing pigs) than breeders (5 epg ± 2.5 SD). Trichuris FEC was relatively low (&lt; 80 epg for pigs in all production stages) compared to other parasites. Results suggest that swine parasite infection is common on organic/alternative farms and strategies to control parasites need to be developed.

scholarly journals Intestinal Parasites in Free-Living Puma concolor

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Aurélio Cunha Del Vechio ◽  
Edson Gerônimo ◽  
Enzo Emmerich Paula De Castro ◽  
Luciana Vieira Pinto Ribeiro ◽  
Rita De Cássia Lima Ribeiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Puma Concolor ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Science Museum ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Toxocara Cati ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
In Captivity

Background: Studies on intestinal parasites in cougars Puma concolor are scarce, and most of the available information on the species has been derived from individuals in captivity. One of the greatest threats to the survival of wild cats is habitat loss caused by urban sprawl, agricultural matrix, and linear developments such as highways and railways, which expose animals to direct contact with humans and to a high risk of death. Given the lack of scientific data the objective of this study was to report on the occurrence of intestinal parasites in a cougar (P. concolor) specimen from the northwestern region of Paraná State, Brazil.Case: The carcass of a free-living cougar (P. concolor) individual was sent to the Interdisciplinary Science Museum (Museu Interdisciplinar de Ciências – MIC) of Paranaense University (Universidade Paranaense - UNIPAR); an individual was killed during a collision with an unidentified vehicle on highway PR-486, in the municipality of Mariluz (PR, Brazil). The geographical coordinates of the location where the animal was found are: 23°59′29″S, 53°8′47″W. This region is characterized by semi-deciduous seasonal forest remnants. After being identified on site and collected by the inspectors of the Paraná Environmental Institute (Instituto Ambiental do Paraná - IAP), the cadaver was donated to the MIC (by the IAP) for a necropsy to elucidate the cause of death. In this context, the cadaver was sent to the Animal Pathology section of the Department of Veterinary Medicine at UNIPAR. The animal was necropsied by performing the standard necropsy technique for carnivores: opening the intestine through the mesentery and exposing the mucosa from the duodenum to the colon. The necropsy showed that the cause of death was hypovolemic shock due to trauma. During necropsy, parasites in the intestinal lumen were visible to the naked eye. Parasites and feces were collected and stored in sterile flasks containing 10% formaldehyde and saline. The parasites were subjected to Faust and Hoffman techniques, micrometry, and morphological analysis, resulting in the identification of the roundworm Toxocara cati and the tapeworm Spirometra decipiens.Discussion: Identifying the roadkill species along highways is of paramount importance, since they are living very close to man and, consequently, reservoirs and disseminators of different infectious and parasitic zoonoses may be possible. Infection by protozoa and helminths in animals usually occurs by ingesting the infective form present in food or water. Toxocara cati and the tapeworm Spirometra decipiens were only reported in captivity before. Research on parasites in free-living wild animals is not common in the scientific literature and this is due to the difficulty of capturing this animal category as they live in difficult to access places such as forests and forests, therefore, research projects in partnership with museums are extremely important for the recognition of wild animal species that circulate in the region, in addition to the parasitic identification of these animals for future sanitary measures and for the preservation of the animal species in the environment. The Parasitological studies of wild animals are highly relevant for expanding this knowledge, especially considering the possible transfer risk of specific parasitic diseases to other animals, as well as to humans.

scholarly journals Prevalence and associated risk factors of human intestinal parasitic infections: a population-based study in the southeast of Kerman province, southeastern Iran

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Javad Abbaszadeh Afshar ◽  
Maryam Barkhori Mehni ◽  
Mostafa Rezaeian ◽  
Mehdi Mohebali ◽  
Vali Baigi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Intestinal Protozoan ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background Determination of the prevalence and distribution pattern of intestinal parasites is a fundamental step to set up an effective control program to improve the health status. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and associated risk factors among inhabitants of Rudbar-e Jonub county, southeast of Kerman province, southeastern Iran.Methods In this cross-sectional study, 861 stool specimens were collected from inhabitants of Rudbar-e Jonub county through a multistage cluster sampling method in 2018. The collected specimens were examined by parasitological methods including, direct wet-mounting (for the fresh specimens with a watery consistency), formalin-ethyl acetate sedimentation and agar plate culture.Results The prevalence of intestinal parasites was 34.2% (95% CI 30.1 to 38.2). The prevalence of protozoan parasites 32.3% (95% CI 28.4 to 36.5) was significantly higher than helminthic parasites 3.2% (95% CI 2.1 to 4.7). Blastocystis sp. , Entamoeba coli and Giardia lamblia as protozoan parasite and Hymenolepis nana as helminthic parasite were the most common detected intestinal parasites in the study. Entamoeba histolytica/dispar , Iodamoeba bütschlii , Chilomastix mesnili , Entamoeba hartmanni , Ascaris lambercoides , and Enterobius vermicularis were other detected parasites. Multiple logistic regression revealed a significant association of intestinal parasitic infections with source of drinking water and residency status (rural/urban). Multiple infections with 2 or 3 parasitic agents constituted 22.7% of 295 infected cases.Conclusions This study revealed a high prevalence of intestinal protozoan infections among inhabitants of Rudbar-e Jonub county. Intestinal parasites especially protozoans remain a challenging public health problem wherever sanitation and health measures are limited in Iran.

scholarly journals Differential Change in the Prevalence of the Ascaris, Trichuris and Clonorchis infection Among Past East Asian Populations

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 601-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoya Zhan ◽  
Hui-Yuan Yeh ◽  
Dong Hoon Shin ◽  
Jong-Yil Chai ◽  
Min Seo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasite Prevalence ◽  
Health Campaigns ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Dietary Preferences ◽  
Asian Populations ◽  
Past 2000 Years ◽  
Public Health Campaigns ◽  
Sanitation Infrastructure

As we learn more about parasites in ancient civilizations, data becomes available that can be used to see how infection may change over time. The aim of this study is to assess how common certain intestinal parasites were in China and Korea in the past 2000 years, and make comparisons with prevalence data from the 20th century. This allows us to go on to investigate how and why changes in parasite prevalence may have occurred at different times. Here we show that Chinese liver fluke (<i>Clonorchis</i> <i>sinensis</i>) dropped markedly in prevalence in both Korea and China earlier than did roundworm (<i>Ascaris</i> <i>lumbricoides</i>) and whipworm (<i>Trichuris</i> <i>trichiura</i>). We use historical evidence to determine why this was the case, exploring the role of developing sanitation infrastructure, changing use of human feces as crop fertilizer, development of chemical fertilizers, snail control programs, changing dietary preferences, and governmental public health campaigns during the 20th century.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document