scholarly journals Seasonal variation of some atmospheric parameters in fresh water swamp and Sudan Savanna areas of Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 740-750
Author(s):  
F.O. Aweda ◽  
J.O. Agbolade ◽  
J.A. Oyewole ◽  
M. Sanni
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Atmospheric Parameters ◽  
Freshwater Swamp ◽  
Significant Negative Relationship ◽  
Sudan Savanna

The year in year out variation in atmospheric parameters, solar radiation, and meteorological variables such as ambient temperature, relative humidity RH, wind speed etc, are posies that can be and are used to describe the atmospheric conditions. Ten years of data obtained from the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NiMet) was analysed. Results showed that solar radiation rises from January to get to its peak in April which is maintained till August before it begins to fall again with the Sudan savanna area (Maiduguri) having a value of (15.70 MJm-2month-1) and freshwater swamp area (Ikeja) having the value of (10.16 MJm-2month-1). The extraterrestrial radiations calculated for the two stations are 333.53 (MJm-2month-1) and 195.53 (MJm-2month-1) respectively. However, the relative humidity of Ikeja (84.54%) is higher as compared to that of Maiduguri (42.23%). The minimum temperature ranges observed for the two stations varies from (22 - 24)0C and (12 - 26)°C, while the maximum temperature was as high as 33°C and 40°C obtained in April for Ikeja and Maiduguri, respectively. Similarly, the average wind speed is higher for Ikeja (4.97m/s) than for Maiduguri (4.62m/s). The result of the statistical correlation reveals that, in Maiduguri, solar radiation was found to have a significant negative relationship with relative humidity (r = -.256, p<0.01) and a significant positive relationship with minimum and maximum temperature (p<0.05). This means that minimum and maximum temperatures increase as solar radiation increases (p<0.05). Relative humidity decreases as solar radiation increases. In Ikeja, solar radiation was found to have a significant negative relationship with relative humidity (r =-.350, p<0.01) and wind speed (r = -146, p<0.05) and significant positive relationship with minimum temperature (r =.410, p<0.05) and maximum temperature (r =.575, p<0.01). In conclusion, the variables like relative humidity, minimum temperature and wind speed are higher in the freshwater swamp area of Nigeria as compared to the Sudan savanna area, while the solar radiation, extraterrestrial radiation and maximum temperature are generally higher in the Sudan savanna area of Nigeria.

scholarly journals Future climate uncertainty and spatial variability over Tamilnadu State, India

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-185
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Projection Data ◽  
Climate Uncertainty

<div> <p>The present study analyses future climate uncertainty for the 21st century over Tamilnadu state for six weather parameters: solar radiation, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and rainfall. The climate projection data was dynamically downscaled using high resolution regional climate models, PRECIS and RegCM4 at 0.22&deg;x0.22&deg; resolution. PRECIS RCM was driven by HadCM3Q ensembles (HQ0, HQ1, HQ3, HQ16) lateral boundary conditions (LBCs) and RegCM4 driven by ECHAM5 LBCs for 130 years (1971-2100). The deviations in weather variables between 2091-2100 decade and the base years (1971-2000) were calculated for all grids of Tamilnadu for ascertaining the uncertainty. These deviations indicated that all model members projected no appreciable difference in relative humidity, wind speed and solar radiation. The temperature (maximum and minimum) however showed a definite increasing trend with 1.8 to 4.0&deg;C and 2.0 to 4.8&deg;C, respectively. The model members for rainfall exhibited a high uncertainty as they projected high negative and positive deviations (-379 to 854 mm). The spatial representation of maximum and minimum temperature indicated a definite rhythm of increment from coastal area to inland. However, variability in projected rainfall was noticed.</p> </div> <p>&nbsp;</p>

Surveillance of pea leaf miner (P. horticola) infesting pea (Pisum sativum) in relation with abiotic factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram Keval ◽  
H.S. Vanajakshi ◽  
Sunil Verma ◽  
Babli Bagri
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Seasonal Incidence ◽  
Sunshine Hours

To study the seasonal incidence of insect pests of pea (P. sativum) the investigation was carried out during Rabi session of 2016-17 and 2017-18, at Agricultural Research Farm, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi. The incidence of pests infesting pea was recorded from 50th SMW to 11th SMW. During the observation it was found that P. horticola showed its appearance in the field from 1st to 11th SMW with peak population (71% leaf infestation) in 7th SMW. When population was correlated with abiotic factors it was found that there was positive association with maximum temperature (r = 0.759**), minimum temperature (r = 0.672**), wind speed (r = 0.449).and sunshine hours (r =0.583*) whereas a negative relationship was maintained with morning relative humidity (r =-0.496) and evening relative humidity (r=-0.515), during 2016- 17. Similarly, during 2017-18 there was a positive association with maximum temperature (r = 0.360), minimum temperature (r =0.431), wind speed (r = 0.544*) and sunshine hours(r=0.493) whereas a negative relationship was maintained with morning relative humidity (r =-0.277) and evening relative humidity (r=-0.365).

scholarly journals Long term monthly and inter-seasonal weather variability analysis for the lower Shivalik foothills of Punjab

MAUSAM ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-180
Author(s):  
NAVNEET KAUR ◽  
M.J. SINGH ◽  
SUKHJEET KAUR
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Linear Regression Method ◽  
Post Monsoon ◽  
Sunshine Hours ◽  
Annual Minimum Temperature ◽  
Weather Parameters

This paper aims to study the long-term trends in different weather parameters, i.e., temperature, rainfall, rainy days, sunshine hours, evaporation, relative humidity and temperature over Lower Shivalik foothills of Punjab. The daily weather data of about 35 years from agrometeorological observatory of Regional Research Station Ballowal Saunkhri representing Lower Shivalik foothills had been used for trend analysis for kharif (May - October), rabi (November - April), winter (January - February), pre-monsoon (March - May), monsoon (June - September) and post monsoon (October - December) season. The linear regression method has been used to estimate the magnitude of change per year and its coefficient of determination, whose statistical significance was checked by the F test. The annual maximum temperature, morning and evening relative humidity has increased whereas rainfall, evaporation sunshine hours and wind speed has decreased significantly at this region. No significant change in annual minimum temperature and diurnal range has been observed. Monthly maximum temperature revealed significant increase except January, June and December, whereas, monthly minimum temperature increased significantly for February, March and October and decreased for June. Among different seasons, maximum temperature increased significantly for all seasons except winter season, whereas, minimum temperature increased significantly for kharif and post monsoon season only. The evaporation, sunshine hours and wind speed have also decreased and relative humidity decreased significantly at this region. Significant reduction in kharif, monsoon and post monsoon rainfall has been observed at Lower Shivalik foothills. As the region lacks assured irrigation facilities so decreasing rainfall and change in the other weather parameters will have profound effects on the agriculture in this region so there is need to develop climate resilient agricultural technologies.

Weather Forecasting in Coastal Districts of Odisha and Andhra Pradesh by Using Time Series Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Naresh Patnaik ◽  
F Baliarsingh
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Climatic Parameters ◽  
Series Analysis ◽  
Annual Maximum Temperature

Climate change in world is always one of the most important topics in Water Resources. Now the issue is so predominant that it is gradually restricting out social life, peace and harmony. Climate change is a change in the statistical distribution of weather pattern of an area, when such changes occur for a long period of time. Weather is the state of atmosphere at a particular place and time. Climate is the long term statistical expression of short term weather. This study presents a comprehensive assessment of the future climate pattern/weather prediction by taking different climatic parameters such as temperature, precipitation, solar radiation, wind speed and relative humidity by using time series analysis. The study area of research work covers the coastal districts of Odisha and some parts of Andhra Pradesh. The climatic parameters are collected over last 20 years (1993-2013) from the selected 10 stations and the prediction is made using Time Series Analysis (ARIMA Model). The annual maximum temperature, solar radiation of all districts indicates a statistically significant increase in trend, whereas in the case of wind speed and relative humidity indicates significant deceasing trend. The annual rain fall shows an increasing trend of 2.69 mm/year in all station except Srikakulam, Khordha, Jagatsinghpur and Balasore which shows a decreasing trend of 1.94, 1.29, 0.56 and 1.18 mm/year respectively. As a whole the annual maximum temperature and solar radiation shows an increase trend of 0.16 ⁰C and 0.073 MJ/m² per year respectively. Further the wind speed and relative humidity of all stations indicates a decreasing trend of 0.056 m/s and 0.003(Units in fraction) per year respectively.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Evapotranspiration Variation and its Relationship with other Climatic Parameters in Asaba and Uyo

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Okwunna M Umego ◽  
Temitayo A Ewemoje ◽  
Oluwaseun A Ilesanmi
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Reference Evapotranspiration ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Small Variation ◽  
Climatic Variables ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Climatic Parameters ◽  
Sunshine Hours

This study was carried out to assess the variations of Reference Evapotranspiration (ETO also denoted with RET) calculated using FAO-56 Penman Monteith model of two locations Asaba and Uyo and evaluate its relationships with the variations of other climatic parameters. Meteorological data of forty one years (1975-2015) and thirty five years (1981-2015) period for Asaba and Uyo, respectively gotten from Nigeria Meteorological Agency, Abuja were used. It was observed that the variations of Evapotranspiration (ET) in both locations were in line with two seasons (rainy and dry) normally experienced in Nigeria having its highest value in March (4.8 mm/day) for Asaba and for Uyo in February (4.5 mm/day); and its lowest value in August (3.1 mm/day) for Asaba and in July (2.9 mm/day) for Uyo. ET variation when compared with other climatic variables in both locations was observed to have the same trend with maximum temperature, solar radiation and sunshine hours. It also has the same variation with minimum temperature though with slight deviation. It was observed that ET variation is inversely proportional to the variation relative humidity. Wind speed displayed relatively small variation in its trend over the study period and is not in line with the variations of ET.Keywords— Evapotranspiration, Climatic Variables, FAO Penman-Monteith Model, Variations

Trends in major climatic parameters and sensitivity of evapotranspiration to climatic parameters in the eastern Himalayan region of Sikkim, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 491-502
Author(s):  
G. T. Patle ◽  
D. Sengdo ◽  
M. Tapak
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Reference Evapotranspiration ◽  
Himalayan Region ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Climatic Parameters ◽  
Eastern Himalayan Region

Abstract In this study, temporal trends in daily time series data of key climatic parameters were analyzed using Mann–Kendall and Sen's slope estimator. Sensitivity analysis of each climatic parameter on reference evapotranspiration (ETo) was performed to estimate the sensitivity coefficients and to evaluate the impact of global warming on ETo in the eastern Himalayan region of Sikkim, India. Results of trend analysis showed a significant increasing trend for minimum temperature and mean temperature. Mean relative humidity and sunshine duration showed decreasing trends. Reference evapotranspiration also showed a significant decreasing trend by 0.008 mm year–1 in Sikkim state of India. Sensitivity analysis revealed that the seasonal and annual ETo were most sensitive to maximum temperature followed by sunshine hours whereas wind speed, minimum temperature and relative humidity had a fluctuating effect on mean ETo. The sensitivity coefficient indicated that ETo changes positively with maximum and minimum temperature, sunshine hour, and wind speed, while it changes negatively with relative humidity. Analysis indicated that increase in relative humidity would decrease the ETo in the study area. The findings of this study would be useful for sustainable water resources planning and management of agriculture in hilly regions of the state and for development of adaptation strategies in adverse climatic conditions.

scholarly journals Seasonal Variation and Characterization of the Micrometeorology in Linpan Settlements in the Chengdu Plain, China: Microclimatic Effects of Linpan Size and Tree Distribution

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Zong ◽  
De-hua Pu ◽  
Mei-lin Liu
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Radiation Flux ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Tree Distribution ◽  
Chengdu Plain ◽  
Solar Radiation Flux

Linpan settlements (abbreviated as Linpan) are the most important traditional type of rural settlement in the Chengdu Plain, and they are an important part of the agroforestry ecological system in southwest China. In this study, we measured the micrometeorological parameters (air temperature, solar radiation, relative humidity, and wind speed) in 12 Linpans for two years to determine the seasonal micrometeorology variations; then, we explored the impacts of Linpan size and tree distribution on the Linpan micrometeorology. The results show that the Linpans undergo seasonal cooling (from 0.6 to 1.3°C), humidification (from 0.9% to 4.1%), reduction in solar radiation flux (from 92.1 to 496.0 W/m2), and changes in wind speed (by 0.4 to 0.5 m/s) compared to the surrounding environment. Both solar radiation flux and wind speed showed the following decreasing trend with respect to sampling positions in the Linpan: outside > edge > center. The Linpan size did not affect the solar radiation flux or wind speed over the four seasons. The main factor affecting solar radiation flux and wind speed was the horizontal tree distribution not the Linpan size. However, the Linpan size was significantly correlated with the air temperature in summer and winter. Large Linpans (>5 × 103 m2) showed better ability to control the temperature to within a comfortable range in extremely hot and cold seasons. The Linpan size also showed a negative relationship with the relative humidity, but only in winter. Among the tree distribution patterns, a scattered distribution was optimal to achieve a comfortable micrometeorology over the course of the year. In addition, we suggest some ways to adapt the Linpan micrometeorology, which could be used to protect traditional Linpans, as well as for ecological restoration.

scholarly journals Meteorological Factors Affecting Pan Evaporation in the Haihe River Basin, China

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhihong Yan ◽  
Shuqian Wang ◽  
Ding Ma ◽  
Bin Liu ◽  
Hong Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Sunshine Duration ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Haihe River Basin ◽  
Pan Evaporation ◽  
Haihe River ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
The Haihe River Basin

Pan evaporation (Epan) is an important indicator of regional evaporation intensity and degree of drought. However, although more evaporation is expected under rising temperatures, the reverse trend has been observed in many parts of the world, known as the “pan evaporation paradox”. In this paper, the Haihe River Basin (HRB) is divided into six sub-regions using the Canopy and k-means (The process for partitioning an N-dimensional population into k sets on the basis of a sample is called “k-means”) to cluster 44 meteorological stations in the area. The interannual and seasonal trends and the significance of eight meteorological indicators, including average temperature, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, sunshine duration, wind speed, and Epan, were analyzed for 1961 to 2010 using the trend-free pre-whitening Mann-Kendall (TFPW-MK) test. Then, the correlation between meteorological elements and Epan was analyzed using the Spearman correlation coefficient. Results show that the average temperature, maximum temperature, and minimum temperature of the HRB increased, while precipitation, relative humidity, sunshine duration, wind speed and Epan exhibited a downward trend. The minimum temperature rose 2 and 1.5 times faster than the maximum temperature and average temperature, respectively. A significant reduction in sunshine duration was found to be the primary factor in the Epan decrease, while declining wind speed was the secondary factor.

scholarly journals Aphid incidence and its correlation with different environmental factors

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
MR Hasan ◽  
M Ahmad ◽  
MH Rahman ◽  
MA Haque
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Dew Point ◽  
Aphid Population ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Mustard Aphid ◽  
Mustard Plant ◽  
Rain Fall

The aphid incidence and its correlation with environmental factors were studied. Mustard variety "Sampad" was used as test crop. Aphid incidence varied significantly at various parts of mustard plant and time of the day. The highest number of aphid was observed in the vegetative parts of the mustard plant in the morning. High cloudiness, relative humidity and dew point favoured the aphid population and slight rain fall quickly declined the aphid population. Among the different environmental factors maximum temperature, dew point and sun shine hours were positively correlated with aphid population and minimum temperature, relative humidity and wind speed were negatively correlated with aphid population. Keywords: Mustard aphid; Incidence; Environmental factors DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v7i1.4791 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 7(1): 15-18, 2009

Assessment of Weather and Climate-Related Risks to Human Health in Different Areas of the Krasnoyarsk Region

2021 ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
DA Narutdinov ◽  
RS Rakhmanov ◽  
ES Bogomolova ◽  
SA Razgulin
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Maximum Wind ◽  
Average Wind ◽  
Weather And Climate ◽  
Effective Temperatures ◽  
Temperate Climates

Introduction: Extreme climate conditions have a negative impact on human health. Purpose: The study aimed to assess weather and climate-related risks to human health in different areas of the Krasnoyarsk Region by effective temperatures estimated during two long-term observation periods. Materials and methods: We analyzed ambient temperatures (average monthly and minimum), wind speed (average and maximum), and relative humidity in the subarctic and temperate continental zones estimated during the periods of determining climatic norms in 1961–1990 and 1991–2020. The health risk was assessed on the basis of effective temperatures. Results: In the subarctic zone, the wind strength (average and maximum values) decreased, the duration of such periods increased just like the ambient temperature while the relative humidity did not change. In temperate climates, all indicators have changed. In the subarctic zone, in the second observation period, frostbite was possible within 20–30 minutes during two months (versus 3 in the first). In the temperate climate, there was no such risk to humans. At the minimum temperature and maximum wind speed in the subarctic zone, the risk of frostbite is possible during 5 months (versus 6): after 10–15 minutes during two months and after 20–30 minutes – during three months of the year. In temperate climates, frostbite is possible within 20–30 minutes during two months (versus 3 in the first period). Conclusions: In the interval of establishing climatic norms (1991–2020), a significant increase in effective temperatures was determined: in the subarctic zone with the average wind strength and temperature in February–April and June, with maximum wind and minimum temperature – in March–July; in temperate climates, in April and June, respectively. The duration of periods of health risks posed by cold temperature exposures in the subarctic climate with average wind and temperature values equaled two months (I–II), with maximum wind speed and minimum temperatures – five months (XI–III); in the temperate climate, it was null and 2 (3) months (I, II, and XII), respectively.

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