scholarly journals Haematological changes associated with porcine haemoparasitic infections in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-226
Author(s):  
O.O. Olaosebikan ◽  
O.O. Alaka ◽  
A.A. Ajadi
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Brucei ◽  
Severe Anaemia ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Significant Finding ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Blood Indices ◽  
Persistent Infections ◽  
Normocytic Normochromic Anaemia ◽  
Haematological Changes

The study was carried out between January and July 2016. Blood samples were obtained from 153 pigs by venipuncture and jugular severance at slaughter. The blood samples were examined for all known hemoparasites detectable by light microscopic examination. Haematimetric indices, complete blood cell count and leukocyte differentials were determined. The level of parasitaemia and changes in blood indices were subjected to statistical analysis across seasons. Trypanosoma brucei and Eperythrozoon suis were the only hemoparasites detected in the blood of pigs during the period of sampling. The prevalence of haemoparasitic infections in sampled pigs was 5.23%. T. brucei contributed 3.9% while E. suis contributed 1.31% to the prevalence. Anaemia (PCV<32) was a consistent and significant finding in all parasitemic samples. Eperythrozoon suis caused more severe anaemia (20±9.89) when compared with Trypanosoma brucei (27±3.03). The anaemia caused by E. suis was mostly microcytic normochromic while T. brucei mostly caused normocytic normochromic anaemia. Mild leucopenia was observed in eperythrozoonosis while a moderate lymphocytosis was observed in T. brucei infections. It was observed that in spite of intense chemoprophylaxis and other control measures employed, we still have persistent infections with Eperythrozoon sp and Trypanosomes in our pig population. Further studies should be carried out to detect the possibility of drug resistance by some of these circulating hemoparasites in the pig industry. Attempts should also be made to control the vectors of these parasites which are usually abundant during the rainy season and may be responsible for the higher prevalence recorded during this period.Keywords: Porcine, Infection, Haemoparasites, Haematological changes, Nigeria

scholarly journals Haematological changes in Wistar rats experimentally infected with Trypanosoma congolense and Trypanosoma brucei brucei obtained from North-west Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-80
Author(s):  
A.O. Fajinmi ◽  
O.O. Faleke ◽  
A.A. Magaji ◽  
U.M. Chafe ◽  
M.A. Kassim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Trypanosoma Brucei ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Trypanosoma Congolense ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Trypanosoma Brucei Brucei ◽  
Group A ◽  
Haematological Changes ◽  
Group D

This study determined haematological changes in Wistar rats experimentally infected with local strains of Trypanosoma congolense and Trypanosoma brucei brucei. Forty-five Wistar rats between 10 – 12 weeks old weighing between 210 – 240 g were used. The Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups (A, B, C and D), with the infected groups (B, C and D) having 10 rats each, while the uninfected control group (A) had 15 rats. Group A rats were not infected and served as the control, group B were infected with Trypanosoma congolense, group C were infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei and group D were co-infected with Trypanosoma congolense and Trypanosoma brucei brucei. Infection was achieved using 0.1mL of blood containing approximately 1 × 103 trypanosomes intraperitoneally into each Wistar rat in the infected groups. Clinical signs were observed. The changes in the blood cells were assayed in the groups post-infection. Duncan’s Least Square Deviation showed significantly (p<0.05) higher parasitaemia in infected groups. However, group D showed a higher significant (p<0.05) difference in parasitaemia when compared to groups B and C. The pattern of mean parasitaemia for the infected groups, revealed a positive correlation with days of post-infection (p<0.05) before the decline. The packed cell volume, total red blood cell count and haemoglobin concentration were significantly (p<0.05) lower in infected groups B, C and D. The total white blood cell count, platelet counts and differential leucocyte count were significantly (p<0.05) lower in infected groups when compared to the uninfected group. These findings suggest that co-infection with Trypanosoma congolense and Trypanosoma brucei brucei obtained from Wurno and Ngaski in Sokoto and Kebbi States respectively produced a more damaging effect on haematological parameters.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with infection by Neospora caninum of dairy cattle in the state of Alagoas, Brazil

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (10) ◽  
pp. 1009-1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria E. Sousa ◽  
J.N. Porto Wagnner ◽  
Pedro P.F. Albuquerque ◽  
Orestes L. Souza Neto ◽  
Eduardo B. Faria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Indirect Immunofluorescence ◽  
Neospora Caninum ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Serological Investigation

The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of anti-Neospora caninum antibodies in cattle from milk producing farms of the microregion of Batalha, state of Alagoas, Brazil, as well as to identify the risk factors associated with the infection. Blood samples were collected from 1,004 cattle of 17 farms for the serological investigation regarding the presence of anti-N. caninum antibodies by the Indirect Immunofluorescence Reaction Technique (IMRT). From the total amount of samples analyzed, 77/1,004 (7.67%) were positive and 927/1,004 (92.33%) were negative. The logistical regression identified that cattle from farms without consortium breeding have an infection risk 6.33 (p<0.001; C.I. 2.89-13.10) times higher than cattle from farms with that type of breeding. Cattle from farms where the aborted fetuses are not adequately buried have an infection risk 3.04 (p<0.001; C.I. 1.64-5.63) times higher than cattle from farms with adequate destination of these fetuses. Infection by N. caninum occurs in cattle of the investigated region. The factors identified in our study can be used as risk indicators, so that control measures could be implemented to avoid infection by N. caninum in the herds of this region.

scholarly journals Metabolic evaluation of Crioulo horses participating in competitions of 750 km

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 1471-1477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorena Alvariza Amaral ◽  
Millie Marchiori ◽  
Charles Ferreira Martins ◽  
Marcio Nunes Correa ◽  
Carlos Eduardo Wayne Nogueira
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Ionized Calcium ◽  
Metabolic Responses ◽  
Total Calcium ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Metabolic Evaluation ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean

The Crioulo breed of horses performs in one of the most physically demanding equestrian competitions, the Marcha de Resistência, which is a contest in which the horses run 750 km in 15 days. The study's aim was to characterize the metabolic responses during this period. We evaluated eleven Crioulo horses in the competition, specifically, two males and nine females. Blood samples were collected 24 hours before the contest and on the 4th, 9th, 11th, 14th and 15th days of competition. We evaluated CK, AST, LDH, glucose, lactate, urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, chloride, magnesium, total calcium, ionized calcium, total protein, hematocrit and the white blood cell count. At the end of the competition, the mean values of serum AST were 1151±358 IU/ L the mean LDH values were 7418±1695 IU/L and CK was 13,867±3998UI /L. There was a significant increase in urea, creatinine and lactate (p<0.0001). A decrease in the mean values of chloride, sodium, potassium, and total and ionized calcium was observed (p≤0.0002). An evaluation of the total leukocytes and segmented neutrophils (p≤0.0002) revealed their increased values, and decreased values were observed for hematocrit, plasma protein and total lymphocytes (p≤0.0003). The values of glucose, on average, remained constant. Based on these data, we conclude that the Marcha de Resistência competition necessitated a high muscular demand and the depletion of energy and electrolytes, suggesting an inflammatory process in the animals evaluated.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Myeloproliferative Disorders in A Group of Iraqi Patients And Its Relation To Blood Indices Parameters

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (A) ◽  
pp. 660-665
Author(s):  
Marwa Abdulnabi ◽  
Enass Abdul Kareem Dagher Al-Saadi
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Myeloproliferative Neoplasms ◽  
Myeloproliferative Disorders ◽  
Myelogenous Leukemia ◽  
High Exposure ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Blood Indices ◽  
Male To Female

AIM: The aim of this study was to measure the prevalence of myeloproliferative disorders in a sample of Iraqi patients and to measure the changes in patients’ blood parameters. BACKGROUND: Myeloproliferative disorders are a group of neoplasms affecting the bone marrow progenitor cells characterized by excess cells with a risk of transforming to acute leukemia. There is a gap in knowledge about the prevalence of Iraqi population. Thus, we investigated the prevalence and distribution of different types of myeloproliferative disorders in a sample of Iraqi patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study is done at the National Center of Hematology from November 2019 till March 2020 on 75 patients who were diagnosed by a specialist hematopathologist to have one subtype of myeloproliferative disorders (MPDs). Blood samples were taken from them and analyzed to get complete blood count, blood film, bone marrow aspirate, and biopsy that were analyzed for each patient. Blood samples were taken from them and analyzed in terms of blood indices, which include red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. RESULTS: The 75 patients were found to be comprising 35 chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) patients (46.7%), myelofibrosis 22 patients (29.3%), essential thrombocythemia (ET) 9 patients (12%), and polycythemia vera (PV) 9 patients (12%). In terms of male/female ratios, they were as follows: Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) male-to-female ratio is 1.2, CML= 0.94, myelofibrosis= 2.14 and ET= 0.5 and PV male-to-female ratio is 2. CONCLUSIONS : MPN male-to-female ratio in Iraq, which is 1.2, CML is the most common subtype. Regarding myelofibrosis, in our study, the male-to-female ratio is 2.14, which is much higher other countries. This could be attributed to high exposure to benzene and toluene which are well known to be causative agents for myelofibrosis. Regarding ET or PV, the male-to-female ratios were compatible with other countries.

scholarly journals Evaluation of anaemia

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 4481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suchita V. Ingale ◽  
Milind P. Ullewar ◽  
Vikas C. Ingale ◽  
Jayshree J. Upadhye
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Severe Anaemia ◽  
Peripheral Smear ◽  
Pathology Laboratory ◽  
Mild Anemia ◽  
Normocytic Normochromic Anaemia ◽  
Moderate Anemia ◽  
Mild Anaemia

Background: Often, the first test used to diagnose anemia is a complete blood count (CBC). It determines the number, size, volume, and hemoglobin content of red blood cells. Peripheral smear is done for typing of anaemia. Such evaluation is necessary for proper treatment.Methods: A retrospective study was done in 300 anaemic patients at Shakuntala pathology laboratory, Nagpur. Patients were randomly selected including males and females. CBC and peripheral smear were analyzed.Results: Out of total 300 patients evaluated, the prevalence of anaemia was quite significant in females 225 (75%) than males 75 (25%). 66 females (22%) had mild anemia while 129 females (43%) had moderate anemia and 30 females (10%) had severe anaemia 36 males (12%) had mild anaemia, 30 males (10%) had moderate anaemia while 9 males (3%) had severe anaemia. In morphology of red blood cells, normocytic normochromic anaemia was seen in 132 (44%) females and in 45 (15%) of males. Microcytic hypochromic anaemia was seen in 90 (30%) females and 27 (9%) males. Macrocytic anaemia was seen in 3 (1%) females and 3 (1%) males.Conclusions: Prevalence of anaemia is quite high in females than males. Also, the severity of anaemia is more in females than males. So, heath programmes should be directed more towards females since adolescent age.

Haematological Profiles of Pigs on Different Farms Reflect Their Health Status

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Golinar Oven ◽  
Alenka Nemec Svete ◽  
Melita Hajdinjak ◽  
Jan Plut ◽  
Marina Stukelj
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
White Blood Cell ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Corpuscular Haemoglobin ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin

Abstract BackgroundHaematological examination is an important diagnostic tool in the assessment of pig health status. The present study aimed to assess haematological parameters in pigs of different age categories from six farrow-to-finish farms differing in herd health status. The following pig categories were included: 5 age groups of growers (5, 7, 9–10, 11 and 12–13 weeks-old), fatteners and breeding pregnant sows. Individual blood samples for determining complete blood count and white blood cell differential count were taken and group samples of oral fluid and faeces were collected from each animal category in each of the six farms and tested for the detection of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 (PCV2), Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Virus (PRRSV), and Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) using PCR, RT-PCR, and qRT-PCR protocols. Individual blood samples were analysed using an automated laser-based haematology analyser. The following haematological parameters were reported: white blood cell count (WBC), red blood cell count (RBC), haemoglobin concentration (Hb), haematocrit (Hct), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), platelet count (PLT), and percentage and number of neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, and "large unstained cells" - LUCs. ResultsOn farms free of PRRSV, PCV2 and HEV, age had significant effect on the following parameters: WBC, Hb, MCH, MCHC, PLT, percentage of neutrophils, lymphocytes and eosinophils and absolute numbers of neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, basophils and LUCs. On farms with PRRS, PCV2 and/or HEV, age significantly affected all observed blood parameters except the percentage of LUCs. The percentages of lymphocytes, MCV and Hct were significantly lower by PRRSV while WBC, PLT, percentage and absolute number of neutrophils, basophils and LUCs increased. Significantly lower percentages of lymphocytes and increased percentages and absolute numbers of neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils were caused by PCV2 presence. Significantly lower percentage of lymphocytes and MCV and increased RBC, Hb, percentage and number of basophils and percentage of neutrophils were caused by HEV. Conclusions Alterations of haematological parameters reflected the health status of pigs of different categories on infected and on non-infected farms. Age-related changes in haematological parameters occurred in clinically healthy and in infected pigs.

Human African trypanosomiasis

2020 ◽  
pp. 1451-1459
Author(s):  
Reto Brun ◽  
Johannes Blum
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Brucei ◽  
Human African Trypanosomiasis ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Tsetse Flies ◽  
African Trypanosomiasis ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Stage 1

Human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) is caused by subspecies of the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei. The disease is restricted to tropical Africa where it is transmitted by the bite of infected tsetse flies (Glossina spp.). Control programmes in the 1960s were very effective, but subsequent relaxation of control measures led to recurrence of epidemic proportions in the 1980s and 1990s. Control is now being regained. Untreated human African trypanosomiasis is almost invariably fatal. Specific treatment depends on the trypanosome subspecies and the stage of the disease. Drugs used for stage 1 include pentamidine and suramin, and for stage 2 include melarsoprol, eflornithine, and nifurtimox, but regimens are not standardized, and treatment is difficult and dangerous; all of the drugs used have many side effects, some potentially lethal.

Storage of blood samples at or above 33℃ leads to rapid appearance of appreciable systemic bias in platelet and mean corpuscular volume related parameters: an important pre-analytical factor in tropical conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 334-339
Author(s):  
Ashish Jain ◽  
Sanchit Jain ◽  
Neha Singh ◽  
Sushant Kumar Meinia ◽  
Nilotpal Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Analytical Control ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Tropical Conditions ◽  
Red Blood Cell Count ◽  
The Stability

There is scant documentation of the stability of common haematological parameters on storage of blood samples under tropical conditions. K2EDTA samples in multiple vials were taken from 20 healthy blood donors, baseline readings taken, and stored at 33°C and 37°C. Readings from the stored vials were taken after 1, 3 and 6 h. The percent change against the baseline readings at each time point for each storage temperature was calculated. Platelet counts showed an unacceptable shift within 1 h at 37°C and 3 h at 33°C; red cell volume related parameters showed an unacceptable shift within 3 h at 37°C and 6 h at 33°C. Haemoglobin, red blood cell count, white blood cell count and mean corpuscular haemoglobin remained stable for 6 h at both temperatures. The unacceptable change for many parameters on storage at ≥33°C demonstrates the importance of ensuring pre-analytical control in regions experiencing such climatic conditions.

Detection of a novel haemoplasma species in fattening pigs with skin alterations, fever and anaemia

2020 ◽  
Vol 187 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Stadler ◽  
Julia Ade ◽  
Mathias Ritzmann ◽  
Katharina Hoelzle ◽  
Ludwig E Hoelzle
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Management Procedures ◽  
Spleen Sample ◽  
Normocytic Normochromic Anaemia ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Fattening Pigs

BackgroundIn a fattening farm in Southern Germany, skin alterations (urticaria, haemorrhagic diathesis) and high fever were observed in 30% of the pigs 2 weeks after arrival. Feed intake was severely compromised in affected pigs.MethodsAfter detailed clinical observation, blood samples from affected pigs were collected for haematological, PCR and serological investigations. In addition, pathological investigations were performed on one pig.Results and conclusionAnalysis of blood parameters revealed a normocytic, normochromic anaemia. A novel porcine haemoplasma species was detected in blood samples of affected pigs and spleen sample of the necropsied pig by PCR. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rDNA showed 99% identity to a novel porcine haemoplasma (‘Candidatus (Ca.) M. haemosuis’) species which has recently been described in China. Interestingly, this is the first report of ‘Ca. M. haemosuis’ in pigs with clinical signs resembling those of Mycoplasma (M) suis and the first description of this novel haemoplasma species outside Asia. On-farm affected pigs were treated with oxytetracycline and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Clinical signs improved after implementation of treatment and optimisation of management procedures. This case might indicate that other porcine haemoplasma species than M suis can induce fever and skin alterations and may have an economic impact on affected farms.

Biochemical and haematological changes associated with short periods of work in draught oxen

1989 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Anne Pearson ◽  
R. F. Archibald
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Haematological Changes ◽  
Work Done ◽  
Friesian Cattle

ABSTRACTBlood samples were taken from three Brahman × Friesian cattle while they walked for 1 h daily on a treadmill pulling 20 or 25 kg weights suspended in a cage. Heart rate and energy expenditure during work were closely correlated. The work had no significant effect on blood levels of red cells, haemoglobin, packed cell volume, total protein, albumin, glycerol, urea, Mg, Ca, Na, K and chloride. White blood cells, glucose, lactate, free fatty acids, P-hydroxybutyrate and inorganic phosphate were affected by work although the changes were shortlived and values had returned to resting levels 75 min after work finished. The changes were similar in each animal and indicated work done by draught cattle is largely at a submaximal level. Apart from lactate no blood parameters were identified that could be usefully used to compare performance.

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