scholarly journals Detection of antibiotic resistance genes among multiple drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from clinical sources in selected health institutions in Kwara State.

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-48
Author(s):  
O.C. Adekunle ◽  
A. Mustapha ◽  
G. Odewale ◽  
R.O. Ojedele
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Health Institutions

Introduction: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a frequent nosocomial pathogen that causes severe diseases in many clinical and community settings. The objectives were to investigate the occurrence of multiple antibiotic resistant P. aeruginosa strains among clinical samples and to detect the presence of antibiotic resistance genes in the DNA molecules of the strains.Methods: Clinical specimens were collected aseptically from various human anatomical sites in five selected health institutions within Kwara State, Nigeria. Multiple drug resistance patterns of isolated micro-organisms to different antibiotics were determined using the Bauer Kirby disc diffusion technique. The DNA samples of the multiple resistant P. aeruginosa strains were extracted and subjected to Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for resistance gene determination.Results: A total of 145 isolates were identified as P. aeruginosa from the clinical samples. Absolute resistance to ceftazidime, gentamicin and ceftriaxone was observed while low resistance to ciprofloxacin, piperacillin and imipenem was documented. The prevalence of bla VIM , ,bla CTX-M and blaTEM were 34.4 %, 46.7 % and 16.7 % respectively.Conclusion: This study has shown that there is a high occurrence of metallo â-lactamase- producing and antibiotic-resistant strains of P. aeruginosa in clinical specimens from the studied area. Keywords: Metallo â-lactamase enzyme, P. aeruginosa, clinical samples, antibiotic-resistance genes

Detection of antibiotic resistance genes among multiple drug resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from clinical sources in selected health institutions in kwara state

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Adekunle ◽  
Abdulrasaq Mustapha ◽  
Gbolabo Odewale ◽  
Ojedele Richard
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Health Institutions

Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a frequent nosocomial pathogen that causes severe diseases in many clinical and community settings. Strains of P. aeruginosa are associated with increased morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs. The rapid emergence of antimicrobial resistance among these strains is a public health crisis. Moreover, there is paucity of data on characterization of P. aeruginosa isolates from human clinical samples in Kwara State. Objectives: The objectives are to investigate the occurrence of metallo β-lactamase enzyme, multiple antibiotic resistant P. aeruginosa among clinical samples and detection of antibiotic resistance genes among them. Methods: Two hundred and thirty-five samples comprising of 145 males and 90 females human clinical specimens were collected aseptically from five selected health institutions within Kwara state, Nigeria. The samples were cultured immediately using standard microbiological procedures. Multiple drug resistance patterns of the micro-organisms to different antibiotics were determined using the Bauer Kirby disc diffusion technique. Metallo β-lactamase production was determined using E – test strip and the DNA samples of the multiple resistant P. aeruginosa strains were extracted and subjected to Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for resistant genes determination. Data were subjected to descriptive statistics using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Results: A total of 145 isolates were identified for P. aeruginosa from the clinical samples .Thirty were positive for metallo β-lactamase production; 11 (8 %) males and 19 (13 %) females. Absolute resistance to ceftazidime (100 %), gentamicin (100 %), ceftriaxone (100 %) were observed while low resistance to ciprofloxacin (12.4 %), piperacillin (6.9 %) and imipenem (6.9 %). All isolates were sensitive to colistin. The prevalence of various encoding genes blaVIM, , blaCTX-M and blaTEM were 34.4 %, 46.7 %, 16.7 % and 37.7 % respectively. Conclusion: This study has shown that there is a high occurrence of metallo β-lactamase enzyme producing and antibioticresistant strains of P. aeruginosa in clinical specimens from the studied area. Necessary measures must therefore be implemented to stop the problems of this antibiotic resistance.

scholarly journals Role of biofilm-specific antibiotic resistance genes PA0756-0757, PA5033 and PA2070 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prasanth Manohar ◽  
Thamaraiselvan Shanthini ◽  
Reethu Ann Philip ◽  
Subramani Ramkumar ◽  
Manali Kale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Resistant Genes

AbstractTo evaluate the presence of biofilm-specific antibiotic-resistant genes, PA0756-0757, PA5033 and PA2070 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from clinical samples in Tamil Nadu. For this cross-sectional study, 24 clinical isolates (included pus, urine, wound, and blood) were collected from two diagnostic centers in Chennai from May 2015 to February 2016. Biofilm formation was assessed using microtiter dish biofilm formation assay and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBC) were determined for planktonic and biofilm cells (MBC assay). Further, PCR amplification of biofilm-specific antibiotic resistance genes PA0756-0757, PA5033 and PA2070 were performed. Biofilm formation was found to be moderate/strong in 16 strains. MBC for planktonic cells showed that 4, 7, 10 and 14 strains were susceptible to gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, meropenem and colistin respectively. In MBC assay for biofilm cells (MBC-B), all the 16 biofilm producing strains were resistant to ciprofloxacin and gentamicin whereas nine and four were resistant to meropenem, and colistin respectively. The biofilm-specific antibiotic-resistant genes PA0756-0757 was found in 10 strains, 6 strains with PA5033 and 9 strains with PA2070 that were found to be resistant phenotypically. This study highlighted the importance of biofilm-specific antibiotic resistance genes PA0756-0757, PA5033, and PA2070 in biofilm-forming P. aeruginosa.

scholarly journals 655. Detection of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Clinical Samples using T2 Magnetic Resonance

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S301-S301
Author(s):  
Jessica L Snyder ◽  
Brendan Manning ◽  
Robert Shivers ◽  
Daniel Gamero ◽  
Heidi Giese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Species Identification ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Resistance Testing ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Culture Independent

Abstract Background Antibiotic-resistant bacteria are spread through selective pressure from the use of broad-spectrum empirical therapies, mobile genetic elements that pass resistance genes between species, and the inability to rapidly and appropriately respond to their presence. Resistance gene identification is often performed with post culture molecular diagnostic tests. The T2Resistance Panel, which detects methicillin resistance genes mecA/C; vancomycin resistance genes vanA/B; carbapenemases blaKPC, blaOXA-48,blaNDM, blaVIM, and blaIMP; AmpC β-lactamases blaCMY and blaDHA; and extended-spectrum β-lactamases blaCTX-M directly from patient blood samples, is based on T2 magnetic resonance (T2MR), an FDA-cleared technology with demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity for culture-independent bacterial and fungal species identification. Here we report the clinical performance of T2MR detection of resistance genes directly from patient blood samples. Methods Patients with a clinical diagnosis of sepsis and an order for blood culture (BC) were enrolled in the study at two sites. BCs were managed using standard procedures and MALDI-TOF for species identification. Resistance testing with the T2MR assay was performed on a direct patient draw and compared with diagnostic test results from concurrent BC specimen and BC specimen taken at other points in time. The potential impact on therapy was evaluated through patient chart review. Results T2MR detected the same resistance genes as detected by post culture diagnostics in 100% of samples from concurrent blood draws. Discordant results occurred when T2MR was taken ≥48 hours after BC for patients on antimicrobial therapy. The average time to positive result was 5.9 hours with T2MR vs. 30.6 hours with post-culture molecular testing. Conclusion The T2Resistance Panel detected antibiotic resistance genes in clinical samples and displayed agreement with post culture genetic testing. T2MR results were achieved faster than culture-dependent diagnostic testing results and may allow for an earlier change from empiric to directed therapy. The use of culture-independent diagnostics like T2MR could enable a quicker response to antibiotic-resistant organisms for individual patients and developing outbreaks. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Plasmid profiling of multiple antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from soil of the industrial area in Chittagong, Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asma Talukder ◽  
Md. Mijanur Rahman ◽  
Mohammed Mehadi Hassan Chowdhury ◽  
Tanha Amina Mobashshera ◽  
Nazneen Naher Islam
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
High Threshold ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Progressive Development ◽  
Industrial Soil ◽  
Plasmid Profiling

Abstract Background Multiple antibiotic-resistant (MAR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) plays a significant role in triggering nosocomial infection in clinical settings. While P. aeruginosa isolated from the environment is often regarded as non-pathogenic, the progressive development of antibiotic resistance necessitates exploring the MAR patterns and transposable genetic elements like plasmid in the isolates. Results Using ecfX gene-based PCR, 32 P. aeruginosa isolates among 48 soil samples collected from the industrial region have been confirmed. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern of those isolates revealed that 5 (15.63%) of them were resistant to a range of antibiotics, and they were categorized as MAR isolates. Nevertheless, all MAR isolates were found resistant to piperacillin and gentamicin, but none of them to ceftazidime, aztreonam, and ciprofloxacin. Moreover, the isolates were also showed resistance to amikacin (60%), tobramycin (80%), netilmicin (80%), imipenem (60%), doripenem (40%), meropenem (60%), and cefixime (40%). Furthermore, 60% of MAR isolates possessed double plasmids of 1000–2000 bp sizes which indicates the distribution of antibiotic resistance genes in MAR P. aeruginosa might be correlated with the presence of those plasmids. The MAR index’s high threshold values (> 0.20) implied that the isolates were from high-risk environmental sites where the presence of numerous antibiotic residues happened. Conclusions These findings highlighted the presence of multiple antibiotic resistance in P. aeruginosa of the industrial soil and a considerable prospect of transferring antibiotic resistance genes in the microbial community by plasmids. We recommend taking immediate stringent measures to prohibit the unnecessary and overuse of antibiotics in agricultural, industrial, or other purposes.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance in Bacillus-based Biopesticide Products

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mo Kaze ◽  
Mark Sistrom ◽  
Lauren Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Microbiological Techniques ◽  
High Concentrations

The crisis of antibiotic resistant bacterial infections is one of the most pressing public health issues. Common agricultural practices have been implicated in the generation of antibiotic resistant bacteria. Biopesticides, live bacteria used for pest control, are non-pathogenic and considered safe for consumption. Application of bacteria-based pesticides to crops in high concentrations raises the possibility of unintentional contributions to the movement and generation of antibiotic resistance genes in the environment. However, the presence of clinically relevant antibiotic resistance genes and their resistance phenotypes are currently unknown. Here we use a combination of multiple bioinformatic and microbiological techniques to define resistomes of widely used biopesticides and determine how the presence of suspected antibiotic resistance genes translates to observable resistance phenotypes in several biopesticide products. Our results demonstrate that biopesticide products are reservoirs of clinically relevant antibiotic resistance genes and bear resistance to multiple drug classes.

scholarly journals Honeybees and Tetracycline Resistance

mBio ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart B. Levy ◽  
Bonnie M. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Single Agent ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Tetracycline Resistance ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Selective Pressures ◽  
Multiple Drugs

ABSTRACT Like animals and people, insects can serve as both collectors and disseminators of antibiotic resistance genes, as exquisitely demonstrated by a recent study (B. Tian, N. H. Fadhil, J. E. Powell, W. K. Kwong, and N. A. Moran, mBio 3[6]:e00377-12, doi:10.1128/mBio.00377-12, 2012). Notably, the relatively confined ecosystem of the honeybee gut demonstrates a large propensity for harboring a diverse set of tetracycline resistance genes that reveal the environmental burden resulting from the long-time selective pressures of tetracycline use in the honeybee industry. As in humans and animals, these genes have become established in the native, nonpathogenic flora of the insect gut, adding credence to the concept that commensal floras provide large reservoirs of resistance genes that can readily move into pathogenic species. The homology of these tetracycline resistance determinants with those found in tetracycline-resistant bacteria associated with animals and humans strongly suggests a dissemination of similar or identical genes through shared ecosystems. The emergence of linked coresistances (ampicillin and tetracycline) following single-antibiotic therapy mirrors reports from other studies, namely, that long-term, single-agent therapy will result in resistance to multiple drugs. These results contrast with the marked absence of diverse, single- and multiple-drug resistance genes in wild and domestic bees that are not subjected to such selective pressures. Prospective studies that simultaneously track both resistance genes and antibiotic residues will go far in resolving some of the nagging questions that cloud our understanding of antibiotic resistance dissemination.

scholarly journals Correlation between the Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Susceptibility to Antibiotics among the Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Pathogens

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 255
Author(s):  
Salma M. Abdelaziz ◽  
Khaled M. Aboshanab ◽  
Ibrahim S. Yahia ◽  
Mahmoud A. Yassien ◽  
Nadia A. Hassouna
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
P Value ◽  
Multidrug Efflux ◽  
Multidrug Efflux Pump ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Carbapenem Resistant

In this study, the correlation between the antibiotic resistance genes and antibiotic susceptibility among the carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative pathogens (CRGNPs) recovered from patients diagnosed with acute pneumonia in Egypt was found. A total of 194 isolates including Klebsiella pneumoniae (89; 46%), Escherichia coli (47; 24%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (58; 30%) were recovered. Of these, 34 (18%) isolates were multiple drug resistant (MDR) and carbapenem resistant. For the K. pneumoniae MDR isolates (n = 22), blaNDM (14; 64%) was the most prevalent carbapenemase, followed by blaOXA-48 (11; 50%) and blaVIM (4; 18%). A significant association (p value < 0.05) was observed between the multidrug efflux pump (AcrA) and resistance to β-lactams and the aminoglycoside acetyl transferase gene (aac-6’-Ib) gene and resistance to ciprofloxacin, azithromycin and β-lactams (except for aztreonam). For P. aeruginosa, a significant association was noticed between the presence of the blaSHV gene and the multidrug efflux pump (MexA) and resistance to fluoroquinolones, amikacin, tobramycin, co-trimoxazole and β-lactams and between the aac-6’-Ib gene and resistance to aminoglycosides. All P. aeruginosa isolates (100%) harbored the MexAB-OprM multidrug efflux pump while 86% of the K. pneumoniae isolates harbored the AcrAB-TolC pump. Our results are of great medical importance for the guidance of healthcare practitioners for effective antibiotic prescription.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of Resistance in Multiple-Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli Strains of Human, Animal, and Food Origins

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (10) ◽  
pp. 3996-4001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yolanda Sáenz ◽  
Laura Briñas ◽  
Elena Domínguez ◽  
Joaquim Ruiz ◽  
Myriam Zarazaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Mechanisms Of Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Human Animal

ABSTRACT Seventeen multiple-antibiotic-resistant nonpathogenic Escherichia coli strains of human, animal, and food origins showed a wide variety of antibiotic resistance genes, many of them carried by class 1 and class 2 integrons. Amino acid changes in MarR and mutations in marO were identified for 15 and 14 E. coli strains, respectively.

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