scholarly journals Classification of slaughtered animals and estimation of body condition scores during rainy season in Sokoto abattoir

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Shittu ◽  
MM Zaharadeen ◽  
FO Fasina ◽  
MA Umaru ◽  
A Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Small Ruminant ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Feed Resources ◽  
Ordered Logistic Regression ◽  
Large Ruminant ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Body Condition Scores

The animals slaughtered at the Sokoto City Abattoir in Northwestern Nigeria from 5th June to 6th August 2010 were classified based on body condition scores (BCS) and other variables. A total of 6215 animals (cattle, sheep, goats and camels) were slaughtered with wide disparities in body conditions. Cattle remain the predominant animal slaughtered (67.74%) with the least predominant animal being camel (5.41%). The majority (80.80%) of the large ruminant slaughtered were in borderline to optimum (3-4) body condition while the majority of small ruminant (81.73%) primarily fell into the optimum (2-3) body conditions at slaughter. Multivariable ordered logistic regression analysis revealed that BCS as an estimated outcome is based principally on seasons with the beginning of rains (June) being the most critical. Since the study was undertaken at the beginning to middle of rainy season, it is expected that the animals are just recovering from the stress of previous dry season and scarcity of feed resources, this support the result from the analysis. Additional factors may contribute to differences in BCS of slaughtered animals are not evaluated in this study due to limitation of data collection, and future useful data may be generated by implementing a more comprehensive data recording system for slaughter statistics and research at the Nigerian abattoirs.Keywords: Abattoir, Body condition score, Nigeria, Ordinal model, Rainy season, Slaughtered animals

scholarly journals PSII-24 Performance, carcass and meat quality of castrated and intact Dorper lambs slaughtered at different body condition scores

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 170-171
Author(s):  
Edson Luis de A Ribeiro ◽  
Francisco Fernandes Jr ◽  
Camila Constantino ◽  
Fernando Augusto Grandis ◽  
Natália Albieri Koritiaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Body Condition Scores

Abstract This study was conducted with the objective of evaluating the performance, carcass and meat characteristics of castrated and intact Dorper male lambs slaughtered at three different body condition scores. Thirty-five lambs, approximately 3 months old, 21.6 ± 4.0 kg of body weight and 3.1 ± 0.5 of body condition score (BCS), were used. The BCS scale used varied from 1.0 (very thin) to 5.0 (very fat). Four weeks prior to the experiment, 17 lambs were castrated. Lambs were further divided into three groups, according to the criteria for slaughter: BCS of 3.5, 4.0 and 4.5. All animals received the same diet. BCS were achieved after 27, 84 and 130 days in feedlot, respectively. There were no interactions (P > 0.05) between sexual conditions and slaughter criteria. Average daily gain of weight (ADG) was different (P < 0.05) for the three BCS (average of 0.263). However, final body weight (28.6 ± 1.7; 42.7 ± 1.8 and 56.8 ± 1.7 kg) and back fat thickness (0.5 ± 0.5; 4.2 ± 0.5 and 7.3 ± 0.5 mm) were different (P < 0.05) among BCS criteria, panelists found that meats from lambs slaughtered with greater fat content were less (P < 0.05) desirable. We can conclude by the performance and meat results that it is better to slaughter Dorper lambs with BCS with no more than 4.0, or 4.2 mm of back fat cover, and for the best acceptability of the meat the lambs should be castrated.

The effect of level of nutrition prior to mating on the reproductive performance of ewes of two welsh breeds in different levels of body condition

1991 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Gunn ◽  
T. J. Maxwell ◽  
D. A. Sim ◽  
J. R. Jones ◽  
M. E. James
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Body Condition Scores

ABSTRACTThe effects of high-low (HL) and low-high (LH) patterns of nutrition during the 5 weeks prior to a synchronized mating were studied on the reproductive performance of 115 Welsh Mountain and 114 Brecknock Cheviot ewes in a range of body condition at the start of treatment. For 2 months prior to treatment imposition, ewes were grazed in a systematic way at different stocking rates on different sward heights to obtain a range of body condition scores. Target score groupings were 2·00 to 2·25, 2·50 to 2·75 and 3·00 to 3·25 and although scores of 1·50 to 3·25 were obtained, most lay in the 2·00 to 2·75 range. Two treatment groups, balanced for live weight and body condition score, received high and low levels of nutrition for 16 days from mid October, achieved, respectively, by a low stocking rate on a sward with a high surface height plus ad libitum concentrate and a high stocking rate on a sward with a low surface height plus 200 g hay per head per day. Treatments were then reversed for the 17 days prior to mating. Live-weight and body condition-score changes were recorded and reproductive performance at first mating was measured from counts of corpora lutea and viable embryos at slaughter either at return to service or at 4 weeks after first mating. There were no differences due to nutritional pattern in live weight or body condition score at mating. The LH treatment significantly increased the rates of ovulation, conception, multiple ova survival and potential lambing per ewe pregnant and per ewe mated in the Welsh Mountain breed but significantly increased only the rates of ovulation and potential lambing per ewe pregnant in the Brecknock Cheviot breed compared with the HL treatment. The relatively poorer response in the latter breed was partially due to a lower ovulation rate potential coupled with non-significantly lower rates of conception and survival of single-shed ova associated with the LH treatment. Much of this relatively poorer reproductive performance in the Brecknock Cheviot breed was in ewes with body condition scores 3= 2·75. Reproductive performance increased with increasing body condition at the start of treatment over the range of scores =≤ 2·25 to 2·50 in both breeds and, while continuing to improve in scores above 2·50 in the Welsh Mountain breed, in the Brecknock Cheviot breed it started to decline. Ewes with a body condition score of 2·50 in both breeds showed the greatest response in potential lambing rate to the LH treatment.

The effect of pre- and post-partum energy and protein supply on the performance of single- and twin-suckling beef cows and their calves

1994 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 379-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. D. Sinclair ◽  
P. J. Broadbent ◽  
J. S. M. Hutchinson
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Trial Period ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Daily Milk ◽  
Body Condition Scores

AbstractChanges in live weight, body condition, milk production and composition were monitored for single- and twinsuckling cows in two experiments. In experiment 1, all cows were managed for 3 months before calving to achieve condition scores at calving 2·1 (low) and 3·1 (moderate). Subsequently, these animals were placed on a fixed level of energy intake (80 MJ metabolizable energy (ME) per day) for 16 weeks. Post-partum diets contained differing amounts of digestible undegradable protein (DUP), but similar amounts of effective rumen degradable protein (ERDP). In experiment 2, single- and twin-suckling cows were fed to achieve a condition score at calving of around 2·75. These animals were subsequently placed on two levels of energy intake (80 MJ and 130 MJ ME per day) during the first 16 weeks of lactation. The diets providing these energy intakes also contained differing amounts of DUP. Neither the level of DUP in the diet nor the level of feeding significantly altered the digestibility of the dry matter or organic matter in the dry matter of the experimental diets.Body condition at calving had little effect on daily milk yield (9·5 kg) and composition (33·5 g/kg fat; 30-0 g/kg protein) in experiment 1. Cows with higher body condition scores at calving lost 13·5 kg more live weight and 0·26 units more body condition (P < 0·05) during the 1st month post partum but remained in better condition throughout the trial period than cows with lower body condition scores. Cows on 130 MJ ME per day produced higher (P < 0·001) daily yields of milk, milk fat and protein (+2·0 kg; +151 g; +85 g) and lost 57 kg less live weight and 0·52 units less body condition (P < 0·001) than cows on 80 MJ ME per day. Elevated dietary levels of DUP promoted (P < 0·05) daily milk yields (by 1·25 kg) and reduced live-weight and body condition-score loss during the 1st month post partum in both experiments. Twin-suckling cows produced the highest average daily yields of milk throughout the 16-week trial period in both experiments but yields were not significantly higher after early lactation in experiment 1. Cow body condition score at calving and the level of DUP in the post-partum diet of cows had no effect on the post-partum performance of calves. Twin calves had slower growth rates (P < 0·001) than single calves (0·65 and 1·07 kg/day respectively) in experiment 1. However, twin calves sucking cows on 130 MJ ME per day in experiment 2 grew similarly to single sucking calves from week 8 of lactation (0·8 kg/day).

scholarly journals Predicting Ewe Body Condition Score Using Lifetime Liveweight and Liveweight Change, and Previous Body Condition Score Record

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1182
Author(s):  
Jimmy Semakula ◽  
Rene Anne Corner-Thomas ◽  
Stephen Todd Morris ◽  
Hugh Thomas Blair ◽  
Paul Richard Kenyon
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Annual Cycle ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ovis Aries ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Combined Models ◽  
Body Condition Scores

The body condition score (BCS) in sheep (Ovis aries) is a widely used subjective measure of body condition. Body condition score and liveweight have been reported to be statistically and often linearly related in ewes. Therefore, it was hypothesized that current BCS could be accurately and indirectly predicted using a ewe’s lifetime liveweight, liveweight change, and previous BCS record. Ewes born between 2011 and 2012 (n = 11,798) were followed from 8 months to approximately 67 months of age in New Zealand. Individual ewe data was collected on liveweight and body condition scores at each stage of the annual cycle (pre-breeding, pregnancy diagnosis, pre-lambing, and weaning). Linear regression models were fitted to predict BCS at a given ewe age and stage of the annual cycle using a ewe’s lifetime liveweight records (liveweight alone models). Further, linear models were then fitted using previous BCS and changes in liveweight, in addition to the lifetime liveweight records (combined models). Using the combined models improved (p < 0.01) the R2 value by 39.8% (from 0.32 to 0.45) and lowered the average prediction error by 10% to 12% (from 0.29 to 0.26 body condition scores). However, a significant portion of the variability in BCS remained unaccounted for (39% to 89%) even in the combined models. The procedures found in this study, therefore, may overestimate or underestimate measures by 0.23 to 0.32 BCS, which could substantially change the status of the ewe, leading to incorrect management decisions. However, the findings do still suggest that there is potential for predicting ewe BCS from liveweight using linear regression if the key variables affecting the relationship between BCS and liveweight are accounted for.

Body Condition Score for Monitoring the Performance and Health of Small Ruminants in Field Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 5-6
Author(s):  
Uma Karki ◽  
Anand Tiwari ◽  
Kendra Norwood ◽  
Ja’Nia Johnson ◽  
Lila B Karki
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Small Ruminant ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
Fecal Egg Count ◽  
Meat Goats ◽  
Condition Score

Abstract Frequent inspection and provision for necessary care are of prime importance for sustainable production and improving the wellbeing of small ruminants. Most small-ruminant farmers are small-scale, with limited resources, and do not have facilities needed for routine evaluation and intensive care of animals. The identification of a predictive variable of animal health and wellbeing would be useful for small ruminant management in field conditions. The objective of this study was to assess the relation of body condition score to other health parameters in meat goats and hair sheep. Performance data (live weight, body condition score (BCS – 1–5: 1- very thin, 5 - obese), and FAMACHA (a 5-color chart used to monitor anemic condition in small ruminants caused by barber pole worm; score - 1–5: 1–2- not anemic, 5 - extremely anemic) of meat goats (Kiko) and hair sheep (Katahdin and Katahdin-St. Croix cross) were collected from different grazing studies conducted from 2015 to 2020 (15) and similar data plus hoof condition (1–3: 1-good, no trimming required; 2 – trimming required; 3 – trimming and additional care required) collected from farmers’ field (6; animals in a herd/flock ranged from 15 to 65) in 2020 were used in this study. Data from each study and for each animal species were analyzed separately for correlation among the performance variables in SAS 9.4, with alpha value set at 0.05. Except for few data sets, correlations between BCS and FAMACHA were negative and significant (P &lt; 0.05) with correlation coefficient (r) ranging from -0.18 to -0.64. BCS was positively correlated with live weight (P &lt; 0.05, r = 0.15–0.76) in most of the studies. In one study, which also included fecal egg count for the quantification of gastrointestinal parasites along with other animal performance variables, BCS was negatively correlated with the total fecal egg count (P &lt; 0.0001, r=-0.38). BCS showed negative correlation with hoof score in goats (P &lt; 0.001, r=-0.33). Results show that BCS can be used as a predictor for small-ruminant health, especially in field conditions where other evaluation methods are not available.

Effect of twin-bearing ewe body condition score and late pregnancy nutrition on lamb performance

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 483 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Kenyon ◽  
R. E. Hickson ◽  
P. G. Hutton ◽  
S. T. Morris ◽  
K. J. Stafford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Body Condition Scores

This study aimed to investigate the effects of ewe body condition score and nutrition on twin-bearing ewes and their offspring. At maximum Day 112 of pregnancy (range 96–112 days), 185 twin-bearing ewes were allocated to either a ‘Medium’ or ‘ad libitum’ (Adlib) feeding treatment for the following 25 days (P112–P136). Each feeding treatment included ewes of body condition score: 2.0 (CS2.0, Medium n = 32, Adlib n = 28), CS2.5 (Medium n = 31, Adlib n = 33) or CS3.0 (Medium n = 30, Adlib n = 31). After P136 ewes were offered Adlib feeding conditions. Medium treatment ewes were lighter (P < 0.05) than Adlib ewes at P136 and P142 and displayed lower (P < 0.05) body condition score at P136 and back-fat depths at P142. CS2.0 ewes had lower (P < 0.05) liveweights and body condition score at P112, P136 and P142 than CS2.5 ewes, which in turn had lower (P < 0.05) liveweight and body condition scores than CS3.0 ewes. Ewe feeding treatment had no effect (P > 0.05) on lamb liveweight or apparent colostrum intake. Ewe body condition score had no effect (P > 0.05) on lamb birthweight or apparent colostrum intake. Lambs born to CS2.0 ewes had greater (P < 0.05) survival than lambs born to CS2.5 ewes. At the end of the study lambs born to CS2.0 ewes were lighter (P < 0.05) than those born to CS2.5 and CS3.0 ewes although, there was (P > 0.05) no effect of condition score on total litter liveweight. In conclusion, these results suggest twin-bearing ewes of body condition 2.0–3.0 can be offered restricted feeding levels to at least Day 136 of pregnancy with few implications for their lambs.

scholarly journals Estimating fat reserves in Rasa Aragonesa ewes: A comparison of different methods

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 695-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Mendizabal ◽  
R. Delfa ◽  
A. Arana ◽  
P. Eguinoa ◽  
C. González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Fat Tissue ◽  
Multiple Regressions ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Fat Reserves ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Fat Thickness ◽  
Body Condition Scores

Four pre-slaughter measurements, liveweight (LW), body condition score (BCS) and fat thickness, measured by ultrasound, in the lumbar (FTL) and sternal regions (FTS), and four post-slaughter measurements, empty liveweight (ELW), hot carcass weight (HCW) and diameter of adipocytes in subcutaneous (DSC) and omental (DOM) fat depots¸ were used to predict the weight of fat in the omental (OM), mesenteric (MES), perirenal (PR), subcutaneous (SC) and intermuscular (IM) depots of ewes. Linear and multiple regressions were fitted to data from 42 adult, non-pregnant and non-lactating Rasa Aragonesa ewes, with liveweights between 29.8 and 79.2 kg and body condition scores between 0.75 and 4.5. Using a single parameter, ELW and HCW gave the most accurate predictions of the total depot fat (R2 = 0.88 and 0.90, RSD = 1.571 and 1.484 kg, respectively). Multiple regressions predicted total weight of fat depots from the pre-slaughter variables LW, BCS and FTS with an R2 value of 0.92 (RSD=1.317 kg). This result confirms the utility of using in vivo measures as fat reserve predictors in Rasa Aragonesa ewes. Key words: Fat tissue, liveweight, body condition score, adipocytes, ultrasound, ewes

scholarly journals Changes in body condition of high-yielding dairy cows

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Novakovic ◽  
Lj. Sretenovic ◽  
D. Ostojic-Andric ◽  
M.M. Petrovic ◽  
S. Aleksic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Level Structure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Body Regions ◽  
Target Values ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Body Condition Scores

Objective of the research was to investigate the level, structure and variability of realized differences between average values of body condition scores in high-yielding cows during most critical phases of production cycle. Realized differences were used as criterion for assessment of changes occuring in the cows? energy status through the level of increase or decrease of body condition. Realized average values of body condition scores, for individual and all body regions, within all studied phases of production cycle, deviated statistically very significantly (p?0,01) from target values. Differences between average values of body condition scores according to phases of production cycle, for individual and all body regions, were statistically very significant (p?0,01). Optimum body condition in dry period was realized by 48,76% cows, at calving 53,61%, in the lactation peak 24,41% and in mid lactation 21,12%. Average value of body condition scores at calving was higher by 0,18 (-0,01 to 0,72) units compared to beginning of dry period, whereas at the lactation peak it was by -1,26 (-2,75 to - 0,41) units lower compared to calving, and in mid lactation compared to lactation peak it was higher by 0,18 (-0,94 to 0,85) units. Within the distribution of achieved differences in body condition scores in the time from the beginning of dry period to calving in 346 cows or 96,11% of total number of animals (n=360) increase of body condition score was realized ranging from ? 0,25 units. Distribution of differences in body condition scores between calving and lactation peak showed that 243 cows or 71,48% of total 340 cows realized loss of body condition score of >1,00 units. Within distribution of differences in body condition scores between the lactation peak and mid lactation, 261 cows or 81,06% of total number of scored animals (n=322) increased the body condition score in value of ? 0,25 units. Study showed that, except in the dry period, changes of the body condition during other phases of production cycle weren?t within the limits of optimum values. Realized results clearly showed the possibility of incidence of various production disorders, health issues and reproduction problems. Consequences are reflected also on longevity, life production and genetic progress. Realzied differences in average values of body condition scoreswere important basis for anticipation of potential problems. In that regard, there are significant reserves in improvement of efficiency of management of body energy reserves in high yielding cows.

scholarly journals Influence of body condition on incidence and degree of hepatic lipidosis in cows

2008 ◽  
Vol 62 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 3-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horea Samanc ◽  
Velibor Stojic ◽  
Danijela Kirovski ◽  
Milijan Jovanovic ◽  
Horia Cernescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Hepatic Lipidosis ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Average Body ◽  
Body Condition Scores

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of energy status of cows, estimated by body condition score, on the incidence and the degree of hepatic lipidosis during the early stage of lactation. Cows were divided into four groups: dry, early puerperal, early lactation and late lactation period. Each group consisted of 60 cows. Body condition was scored by the method established in Elaco Animal Health Buletin Al 8478. According to this method, body condition score is represented numerically from 1 to 5 points. Liver samples for pathohistological analyses were taken by biopsy from early lactation cows (60. day of lactation). Fat content in hepatocytes was determined morphometrically and results were compared with criteria based on total lipid and triglyceride content in liver tissue. On farm A, average body condition scores were in a range from 3.31, at sixty days of lactation, to 3.86 points in the dry period. Nevertheless, the range was wider on farm B, and was from 2.18 points at sixty days of lactation to 4.15 points at the dry period. Besides, differences in average body condition scores were higher than 1 point, and in some cases (between late lactation or dry period to sixty days of lactation) were almost 2 points. The incidence and the degree of hepatic lipidosis strongly differ between the two examined farms. On farm A the incidence of hepatic lipidosis was 18.33 percent, while on farm B that percent was much higher (43.32). A significant difference was established in the degree of hepatic lipidosis between those two farms. On farm A diffuse hepatic lipidosis was determined in 5.0 percent of cows, while on farm B that percent was 18.33. According to these results, most of the cows on farm B had uncontrolled lipomobilisation and severe fatty liver during the early lactation period, probably due to the obesity of these cows in late lactation and the dry period.

Phenotypic study of body condition scores in Canadian dairy cattle

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Moro-Méndez ◽  
R. I. Cue ◽  
H. G. Monardes
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Covariance Structure ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Body Condition Scores

The objective of this study was to characterize body condition score (BCS) in dairy cattle recorded under commercial conditions in Quebec. There were 354 958 BCS records from Holstein cows and 15 334 records from Ayrshire cows available, from first to fifth parity, recorded by producers using a scale of 1 to 5. A classification model was fitted including fixed effects of herd, year of calving, month of calving, age at calving, and days in milk (DIM); another model substituted the Wilmink function on days in milk to model lactational BCS curves. Both models used the spatial power covariance structure to account for correlation between BCS recorded on the same cow along the lactation and were fitted using the Mixed procedure of SAS software (version 9.1.3). Body condition score was significantly affected by month of calving, age at calving and DIM. Average BCS (SD) for Holstein cows from first to fifth lactation were: 2.95 (0.46), 2.90 (0.53), 2.93 (0.56), 2.94 (0.57), and 2.93 (0.57), respectively; the estimates for Ayrshire cows from first to fifth lactation were: 2.99 (0.47), 3.06 (0.54), 3.15 (0.56), 3.11 (0.57), 3.13 (0.58). Lactation curves for BCS were generated for each breed and parity. The routine collection of BCS in individual cows is recommended to ensure close monitoring of energy balance during the lactation. The BCS information analyzed in this study is suitable for modeling changes throughout the lactation with the application of the Wilmink function. Key words: Body condition score, Canadian dairy cattle

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