scholarly journals Occurrence of haemoparasites in cattle slaughtered at Jalingo abattoir, north-eastern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
I. Bitrus ◽  
H.I. Musa ◽  
I.U. Hambali ◽  
M. Konto ◽  
I. Shittu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Policy ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Livestock Productivity ◽  
And Control ◽  
Thin Blood Smears

Livestock plays a significant role in the economy of a nation but its productivity can be hampered by numerous haemoparasites thereby leading to economic losses to the livestock industry. The prevalence of haemoparasite in cattle slaughtered at Jalingo abattoir was investigated. A total of four hundred blood samples were collected at the point of slaughter, processed, and screened for haemoparasites by examining Giemsa-stained thin blood smears. An overall prevalence of 12.25% was recorded. Four haemoparasites of cattle with prevalence rates of 5.0%, 6.75%, 0.25%, and 0.25% for Anaplasma, Babesia, Microfilaria and Trypanosoma respectively were observed. The prevalence of haemoparasite in relation to sex, revealed higher infection in females (13.75%) than in males (10.0%) which were not found statistically different (P > 0.05). All breeds encountered during the study were infected with haemoparasites with the highest prevalence of 13.91 % recorded in White Fulani, Red Bororo (10.94%), and Sokoto Gudali (10.00 %), while Adamawa Gudali had the least prevalence of 0.5%. There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of haemoparasite in relation to breeds (P > 0.05). High prevalence was observed in the young (14.29%) more than the adult (11.59%) and older (12.14%). The current study has revealed the haemoparasites status in cattle slaughtered at Jalingo abattoir. Therefore, there is a need for effective preventive and control policy of these haemoparasites to enhance livestock productivity. Keywords: Abattoir, cattle, haemoparasite, prevalence, slaughter

scholarly journals Serological Investigations of Brucellosis in Cattle, Farmers and Veterinarians in the Kars District of Turkey

2008 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Otlu ◽  
M. Sahin ◽  
H. I. Atabay ◽  
A. Unver
Keyword(s):  
Control Measures ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Serological Tests ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control

The prevalence of brucellosis was investigated in cattle, farmers and veterinarians in the Kars district of Turkey between 2004 - 2006. In order to achieve this, a total of 407 serum samples of cattle from 27 herds having history of abortions were examined for Brucella antibodies by RBPT and SAT. In addition, the sera collected from 246 farmers (130 males and 116 females) and 28 veterinarians in the same district were analysed serologically by RBPT, SAT and ELISA. Of the cattle sera analysed, 134 (32.92%) and 141 (34.64%) were determined as positive by RBPT and SAT, respectively. Thirty-two (13%), 35 (14.22%) and 44 (17.88%) of the farmers' sera were found positive for brucellosis by RBPT, SAT and ELISA, respectively. There was no significant difference between sexes for Brucella seropositivity. Of the 28 sera from veterinarians, 13 (46.42%) were positive by the three serological tests. The high prevalence of brucellosis both in cattle and humans suggests that brucellosis is common in this area. Preventive and control measures should be implemented and pursued more strictly to reduce and/or eradicate brucellosis from the area.

Interferon Gamma +874A/T Polymorphism in Children with Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 4539-4539
Author(s):  
Fatih Demircioglu ◽  
Hale Ören ◽  
Sefa Kizildag ◽  
Sebnem Yilmaz ◽  
Berna Atabay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allele Frequency ◽  
Interferon Gamma ◽  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Chronic Itp ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Acute Itp ◽  
And Control

Abstract A recent study showed that expression of Toll-like receptor and interferon-gamma associated genes is significantly increased in patients with chronic ITP. Interferon-gamma is an important protein which takes place in immunoregulation. +874A/T polymorphism in the first introne of interferon gamma gene is found to be associated with the development and clinical phenotype of some autoimmune diseases such as diabetes mellitus, thyroiditis, multiple sclerosis, and SLE. The aim of our study was to investigate whether interferon gamma +874A/T polymorphism is a risk factor for the development of ITP and whether it affects the clinical course and response to the treatment. Thirty five children with acute ITP and 40 children with chronic ITP who were followed for at least 6 months were included. Control group consisted 90 healthy children. Two millilitres of blood sample was taken into sterile tubes containing 0.1% EDTA from each child and all blood samples were stored at −20 until analysis. DNA was isolated from blood samples and interferon gamma +874A/T polymorphism was studied with real-time PCR and LightCycler TM. Twenty one patients had AA, 35 patients had AT, and 19 patients had TT genotype. In the control group, 47 children had AA, 36 children had AT, and 7 children had TT genotype. There was a statistical difference between ITP and control group regarding the genotype (p=0.001). The frequency of A and T alleles in ITP group was 52% and 48%, respectively. The frequency of A and T alleles in control group was 72.7% and 27.8%, respectively. The frequency of allele distribution was statistically different between the ITP and control groups (p<0.0001). There was a statistical significant difference between acute ITP and control group regarding the frequency of AA, AT, and TT gene polymorphisms and allele frequency (p=0.002, p=0.002). Similarly, there was a statistical significant difference between chronic ITP and control group regarding the frequency of AA, AT, and TT gene polymorphisms and allele frequency (p=0.008, p=0.002). The frequency of AA, AT, and TT gene polymorphisms and allele frequency showed no statistical difference between acute and chronic ITP groups (p=0.285, p=0.896). There was no correlation between interferon gamma +874A/T polymorphism and severity of bleeding (mild, moderate and severe) (p=0.09). There was no correlation between interferon gamma +874A/T polymorphism and response to long term treatment in patients with chronic ITP (p=0.568). In conclusion, there was a significant difference between patients with ITP and children in control group regarding interferon gamma +874A/T polymorphism and in the light of recent data involving other autoimmune disorders, we think that interferon gamma +874A/T polymorphism may be a risk factor for ITP.

Bovine Anaplasmosis and Control

2021 ◽  
pp. 221-242
Author(s):  
Sebastian Kironji Waruri ◽  
James Muriuki Wanjohi ◽  
Leonard Khaluhi ◽  
Sam Ndungu Gichuhi ◽  
Erick O. Mungube
Keyword(s):  
Geographical Location ◽  
Tick Control ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
The Common ◽  
Bovine Anaplasmosis ◽  
Cattle Herds ◽  
And Control

Bovine anaplasmosis is one of the most important tick borne diseases of ruminants worldwide causing significant economic losses in the livestock industries due to the high morbidity and mortality in susceptible cattle herds. Bovine anaplasmosis, caused by Anaplasma marginale, is an infectious but non-contagious disease. The mode of transmission of bovine anaplasmosis includes mechanical (blood contaminated fomites (needles, ear tagging, dehorning and castration equipment), biological (tick bites) and transplacental (mother to fetus). Bovine Anaplasmosis occurs in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. Cattle of all ages are susceptible to infection with A. marginale, but the severity of disease increases with age. The common clinical sign of bovine anaplsmosis includes; fever, anorexia, rapid loss of body condition, severe decrease in milk production, pale and icteric mucous membranes, increased heart and respiratory rates, muscle weakness and depression. Diagnosis of bovine anaplasmosis can be made by demonstration of A. marginale on stained blood smears from clinically infected animals during the acute phase of the disease, but it is not reliable for detecting infection in pre-symptomatic or carrier animals. Instead, serological demonstration of antibodies and confirmation of antigen with molecular detection tools are used for diagnosis. Anaplasmosis can be treated by administration of oxytetracyclines, however oxytetracyclines do not clear the parasite from carrier animals. Control measures for bovine anaplasmosis vary with geographical location and include maintenance of Anaplasma free herds, vector control, administration of antibiotics and vaccination. Intensive acaridae application to control ticks has a number of limitations, therefore, immunization together with strategic tick control is recommended for exotic and crossbred cattle. Further studies on epidemiology of bovine anaplasmosis is needed

scholarly journals Phenotypic and molecular characteristics ofStaphylococcus aureusand methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureusin slaughterhouse pig-related workers and control workers in Guangdong Province, China

2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (9) ◽  
pp. 1843-1851 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. L. WANG ◽  
L. LI ◽  
S. M. LI ◽  
J. Y. HUANG ◽  
Y. P. FAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Guangdong Province ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
And Control

SUMMARYPig farmers and veterinarians have high prevalence of methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) due to the occupational livestock exposure, while few reported this association on slaughterhouse workers. We conducted this cross-sectional study to explore the phenotypic and molecular characteristics ofS. aureusand MRSA in slaughterhouse pig-related workers and control workers in Guangdong Province, China. Participants were interviewed and provided two nasal swabs. Swabs were tested forS. aureus, and isolates were further tested for antimicrobial susceptibility, virulence genes and multi-locus sequence typing. Compared with control workers, pig-related workers have significantly higher prevalence of MRSA carriage (adjusted odd ratio (aOR) 3·70, 95% CI 1·63–8·40). The proportions of MRSA resistant to clindamycin, erythromycin, tetracycline or chloromycetin were significantly higher in pig-related workers than in control workers. The predominant phenotypes ofS. aureuswere resistant to penicillin, clindamycin, erythromycin and tetracycline. Three MRSA CC9 isolates with livestock-associated characteristics (resistance to tetracycline and absence of immune evasion cluster (IEC) genes) were detected in pig-related workers but not in control workers. For human-associated CCs (CC7, CC59, CC6, and CC188), there was no significant difference in IEC profile or antimicrobial resistance between the groups. These findings reveal that there may be a potential risk for livestock-to-human transmission of LA-MRSA and human-to-human transmission of human-associated MRSA.

scholarly journals Lack of Platelet Activation Reflected by Circulating Soluble Glycoprotein V in Pre-eclampsia

2007 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 704-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Acar ◽  
A Sucak ◽  
Y Beyazit ◽  
G Genc ◽  
IC Haznedaroglu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Membrane Protein ◽  
Quantitative Relationship ◽  
Platelet Glycoprotein ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Unknown Aetiology ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a human pregnancy-specific disorder of unknown aetiology. Although the quantitative relationship between platelet aggregation in PE is not clearly defined yet, we aimed to investigate the possible relationship between PE and platelet glycoprotein V (GPV), which is an integral platelet membrane protein involved in the function of the GPIb-V-IX receptor. Fifty patients with PE and 37 normotensive pregnant women (controls) were enrolled in this study. Fasting blood samples were collected and soluble GPV (sGPV) levels were determined using a commercially available enzyme immunoassay. No statistically significant difference in sGPV was found between PE patients and control subjects. There was no correlation between sGPV and platelet counts or between pregnancy duration and platelet counts. Further clinical and experimental investigations are needed to elucidate the pathological processes involved in the development of PE in complicated pregnancies.

scholarly journals Prevalence of interstitial pneumonia suggestive of COVID-19 at 18F-FDG PET/CT in oncological asymptomatic patients in a high prevalence country during pandemic period: a national multi-centric retrospective study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domenico Albano ◽  
◽  
Francesco Bertagna ◽  
Pierpaolo Alongi ◽  
Sergio Baldari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interstitial Pneumonia ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct ◽  
And Control

Abstract Purpose To assess the presence and pattern of incidental interstitial lung alterations suspicious of COVID-19 on fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) ([18F]FDG PET/CT) in asymptomatic oncological patients during the period of active COVID-19 in a country with high prevalence of the virus. Methods This is a multi-center retrospective observational study involving 59 Italian centers. We retrospectively reviewed the prevalence of interstitial pneumonia detected during the COVID period (between March 16 and 27, 2020) and compared to a pre-COVID period (January–February 2020) and a control time (in 2019). The diagnosis of interstitial pneumonia was done considering lung alterations of CT of PET. Results Overall, [18F]FDG PET/CT was performed on 4008 patients in the COVID period, 19,267 in the pre-COVID period, and 5513 in the control period. The rate of interstitial pneumonia suspicious for COVID-19 was significantly higher during the COVID period (7.1%) compared with that found in the pre-COVID (5.35%) and control periods (5.15%) (p < 0.001). Instead, no significant difference among pre-COVID and control periods was present. The prevalence of interstitial pneumonia detected at PET/CT was directly associated with geographic virus diffusion, with the higher rate in Northern Italy. Among 284 interstitial pneumonia detected during COVID period, 169 (59%) were FDG-avid (average SUVmax of 4.1). Conclusions A significant increase of interstitial pneumonia incidentally detected with [18F]FDG PET/CT has been demonstrated during the COVID-19 pandemic. A majority of interstitial pneumonia were FDG-avid. Our results underlined the importance of paying attention to incidental CT findings of pneumonia detected at PET/CT, and these reports might help to recognize early COVID-19 cases guiding the subsequent management.

scholarly journals The Occurence of Gastrointestinal Helminths in Slaughtered Cattle in Azare,North-East Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Musa Umar ◽  
Bashir Mohammed Abubakar ◽  
Haladu Ali Gagman ◽  
Abubakar Sadiq Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Gastrointestinal Helminths ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
North East ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Fasciola Spp

A Cross-sectional Study was carried out to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal (G.I.)  helminths parasites in slaughtered cattle at Azare abattoir, Katagum Local Government Area, Bauchi State, North-Eastern Nigeria. One hundred and twenty faecal samples were examined using the floatation and sedimentation method. Out of the total samples tested, G.I. helminths infections were detected in 62samples tested, giving an overall prevalence of 51.6%. Class nematodes are the most diverse class (56.5%) and then followed by trematodes (35.5%), while cestodes are the least prevalent (8.1%). There was a statistically significant difference in P-value >0.05.  The sex revealed that males (52.6%) are more susceptible to G.I. helminths infection than females (50.0%) even though there is no statistical difference at P-value >0.05. However, the prevalence of G.I. helminths to age revealed a statistical difference at P-value >0.05, where the young have the highest prevalence of 59.5%.  The Red Bororo breeds had the highest prevalence of 75%, while the least was recorded in White Fulani and Sokoto Gudali, 40% each. There was a statistically significant difference at P-value >0.05. This study revealed that Fasciola spp (15%) is the most prevalent G.I. helminths parasites detected, followed by Oesophagostomum spp (11.7%); Haemonchus spp (9.2%); Strongyloides spp (8.3%), Schistosoma spp (3.3%); and Moniezia spp (1.67%). Our findings from the present study revealed a high prevalence of G.I. helminths species affecting cattle in Azare and Nigeria as a whole. Therefore, there is a great need for proper advocacy on the need for appropriate management, regular deworming practices, and improved cattle hygiene to boost animal production. This will help in curbing great lost to Nigeria's economy and the world in general.

scholarly journals Linguatula serrata(Porocephalida: Linguatulidae) Infection among Client-Owned Dogs in Jalingo, North Eastern Nigeria: Prevalence and Public Health Implications

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oseni Saheed Oluwasina ◽  
Onyiche Emmanuel ThankGod ◽  
Omonuwa Omojefe Augustine ◽  
Fufa Ido Gimba
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Central Africa ◽  
Linguatula Serrata ◽  
Health Implications ◽  
Preventative Measures ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
North Eastern

Pentastomiasis is a parasitic zoonosis endemic to western and central Africa. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence and public health implications of Linguatulosis in client-owned dogs in Jalingo, North Eastern Nigeria. Seven hundred and seventy seven (777) dogs brought for treatment at the hospital were subjected to buccal (sublingual) examination for pentastomiasis. Parameters such as age, sex, and breeds were determined. Also, the months of the year were taken into consideration. An overall prevalence of 37.45% was recorded. Of the 477 dogs examined in 2010, 184 were positive representing prevalence of 38.57% and in 2011 107 were positive representing prevalence of 35.67%. The infection was higher in the male than in the female which does not differ significantly (P>0.05). There was no significant difference between sexes (P>0.05). However, significant difference (P<0.05) was observed between breeds and age of dogs examined. Season did not have much influence on the prevalence of Linguatulosis. The high prevalence of Linguatulosis in dogs and other animals found in this study highlights the need of improving preventative measures to reduce the rate of infection, which may pose a hazard to human health.

scholarly journals What Happens to Adipokines and Cytokine in Overweight and Obese Girls with Central Precocious Puberty When They Exercise and Stop Exercising? A randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elnaz Shokri ◽  
Ali Heidarian pour ◽  
Zahra Razavi
Keyword(s):  
Precocious Puberty ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Trial Registration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Combined Exercise ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background we investigate the levels of adiponectin, resistin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and signs of puberty progression after 12-weeks of combined exercise and 4-weeks of detraining. Methods Thirty overweight and obese girls (age7-9) with precocious puberty who injected Differlin were randomly divided into two groups (exercise and control). At the beginning, blood samples were obtained from all subjects and serum levels of adiponectin, resistin and TNF-α were measured. Exercise group performed 60minutes of combined (aerobic and resistance) exercises 3 times a week for 12-weeks.Control group did not receive any exercise. 48 hours after the last training session and after four weeks of detraining, blood samples were collected in the second and third stage, respectively. Blood samples were collected from the control group in both steps. BMI, cholesterol, triglyceride, signs of puberty progression (bone age, uterine lengths, ovarian volumes), luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were measured on all three occasions. Results In the exercise group, adiponectin significantly increased and resistin significantly decreased after 12-weeks. After 4-weeks of detraining, adiponectin significantly decreased and resistin significantly increased. TNF-α levels did not change significantly during the study. There was no significant difference in all of the factors in the control group. Throughout the 16-week study period, the rate of puberty and LH significantly decreased in both exercise and control groups but FSH and LH/FSH significantly decreased in exercise group, alone. Conclusion Combined exercise increased adiponectin and decreased resistin and rate of puberty. After 4-weeks of detraining, these effects diminished but did not disappear. Trial registration: Trial registration: ISRCTN, ISRCTN39938. Registered 24 may 2021 - Retrospectively registered, https://www.isrctn.com/trialist

scholarly journals Effect of Licorice and Green Tea Gargle on Post-Extubation Sore Throat, Cough, and Hoarseness: A Triple-blind Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid Karimi ◽  
Nahid Rajai ◽  
Zahra Farsi ◽  
Parisa Hashemi
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Sore Throat ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Gag Reflex ◽  
And Control ◽  
Endotracheal Extubation

Abstract Background Endotracheal extubation is associated with a high prevalence of complications such as sore throat, cough, and hoarseness. This study aimed to compare the effect of green tea and licorice gargle on sore throat, cough, and hoarseness after endotracheal extubation. Method: The study was designed as a randomized, triple-blind, controlled clinical trial. 102 patients who were candidates for elective surgery in two specialized hospitals in Tehran, Iran in 2020–2021, were randomly divided into licorice, green tea, and control (placebo) groups. The scores of sore throat, cough, and hoarseness of patients were assessed one hour after endotracheal extubation. After the gag reflex returned, patients were given 100 cc of the prepared solutions to gargle for 30 seconds. The intervention was repeated two hours later. The scores of sore throat, cough, and hoarseness were assessed in the three groups, immediately after the first intervention and two hours after the second intervention. Result There was a significant difference between three groups, in posttest1 and posttest 2 in terms of three variables (P < 0.0001). In addition, both licorice and green tea interventions had a high effect size on the decrease of the studied variables and there was no significant difference between these solutions (P < 0.0167). Conclusion Both green tea and licorice solutions greatly reduced post-extubation complications. These results can be clinical evidence for the use of these two plants to prevent complications of endotracheal extubation. Trial registration: This study was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT) with the code “IRCT20190729044373N1” on 2019-12-27.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document