Lack of Platelet Activation Reflected by Circulating Soluble Glycoprotein V in Pre-eclampsia

Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a human pregnancy-specific disorder of unknown aetiology. Although the quantitative relationship between platelet aggregation in PE is not clearly defined yet, we aimed to investigate the possible relationship between PE and platelet glycoprotein V (GPV), which is an integral platelet membrane protein involved in the function of the GPIb-V-IX receptor. Fifty patients with PE and 37 normotensive pregnant women (controls) were enrolled in this study. Fasting blood samples were collected and soluble GPV (sGPV) levels were determined using a commercially available enzyme immunoassay. No statistically significant difference in sGPV was found between PE patients and control subjects. There was no correlation between sGPV and platelet counts or between pregnancy duration and platelet counts. Further clinical and experimental investigations are needed to elucidate the pathological processes involved in the development of PE in complicated pregnancies.

Download Full-text

Aggregation activity of blood formed elements in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

10.14341/2072-0351-5518 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 49-53

Author(s):

Boris Il'ich Kuznik ◽

Yury Antonovich Vitkovskiy ◽

Marina Yur'evna Zakharova ◽

Natalya Nikolaevna Klyuchereva ◽

Olga Sergeevna Rodnina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Platelet Aggregation ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Erythrocyte Adhesion ◽

T1 And T2 ◽

Aggregation Activity ◽

Spontaneous Platelet Aggregation

Aims. To assess differences in blood formed elements aggregation activity in patients with type 1 (T1) and type 2 (T2) diabetes mellitus(DM). Materials and methods. We studied blood samples from 88 patients with T1 and T2 DM. Platelet aggregation activity was assessed bymeans of ?Biola? aggregometer; we also determined platelet-lymphocyte and leucocyte-erythrocyte adhesion intensity. Results. We show that spontaneous platelet aggregation is markedly increased in patients with T1DM but remains normal or slightlyelevated in case of T2DM. In blood from patients with T2DM platelet aggregation in response to ADP, epinephrine, ristomycineand contact with collagen was generally increased, whereas in T1DM we often observed its secondary reduction. Data on plateletlymphocyteadhesion in T1DM is controversial, but in T2DM this process seems to be significantly suppressed. Quantity of leucocyteerythrocyteaggregates was sharply increased in both T1DM and T2DM. Conclusion. We've determined significant difference in blood formed elements aggregation activity between patients with T1 and T2 DM.

Download Full-text

Interferon Gamma +874A/T Polymorphism in Children with Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v112.11.4539.4539 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 112 (11) ◽

pp. 4539-4539

Author(s):

Fatih Demircioglu ◽

Hale Ören ◽

Sefa Kizildag ◽

Sebnem Yilmaz ◽

Berna Atabay ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Allele Frequency ◽

Interferon Gamma ◽

Gene Polymorphisms ◽

Statistical Difference ◽

Control Group ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Chronic Itp ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Acute Itp ◽

And Control

Abstract A recent study showed that expression of Toll-like receptor and interferon-gamma associated genes is significantly increased in patients with chronic ITP. Interferon-gamma is an important protein which takes place in immunoregulation. +874A/T polymorphism in the first introne of interferon gamma gene is found to be associated with the development and clinical phenotype of some autoimmune diseases such as diabetes mellitus, thyroiditis, multiple sclerosis, and SLE. The aim of our study was to investigate whether interferon gamma +874A/T polymorphism is a risk factor for the development of ITP and whether it affects the clinical course and response to the treatment. Thirty five children with acute ITP and 40 children with chronic ITP who were followed for at least 6 months were included. Control group consisted 90 healthy children. Two millilitres of blood sample was taken into sterile tubes containing 0.1% EDTA from each child and all blood samples were stored at −20 until analysis. DNA was isolated from blood samples and interferon gamma +874A/T polymorphism was studied with real-time PCR and LightCycler TM. Twenty one patients had AA, 35 patients had AT, and 19 patients had TT genotype. In the control group, 47 children had AA, 36 children had AT, and 7 children had TT genotype. There was a statistical difference between ITP and control group regarding the genotype (p=0.001). The frequency of A and T alleles in ITP group was 52% and 48%, respectively. The frequency of A and T alleles in control group was 72.7% and 27.8%, respectively. The frequency of allele distribution was statistically different between the ITP and control groups (p<0.0001). There was a statistical significant difference between acute ITP and control group regarding the frequency of AA, AT, and TT gene polymorphisms and allele frequency (p=0.002, p=0.002). Similarly, there was a statistical significant difference between chronic ITP and control group regarding the frequency of AA, AT, and TT gene polymorphisms and allele frequency (p=0.008, p=0.002). The frequency of AA, AT, and TT gene polymorphisms and allele frequency showed no statistical difference between acute and chronic ITP groups (p=0.285, p=0.896). There was no correlation between interferon gamma +874A/T polymorphism and severity of bleeding (mild, moderate and severe) (p=0.09). There was no correlation between interferon gamma +874A/T polymorphism and response to long term treatment in patients with chronic ITP (p=0.568). In conclusion, there was a significant difference between patients with ITP and children in control group regarding interferon gamma +874A/T polymorphism and in the light of recent data involving other autoimmune disorders, we think that interferon gamma +874A/T polymorphism may be a risk factor for ITP.

Download Full-text

Thrombocytopenia associated with pregnancy in a patient with type IIB von Willebrand's disease

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v69.3.786.bloodjournal693786 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 69 (3) ◽

pp. 786-789 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

ME Rick ◽

SB Williams ◽

RA Sacher ◽

LP McKeown

Keyword(s):

Platelet Aggregation ◽

Platelet Rich Plasma ◽

Platelet Glycoprotein ◽

Von Willebrand's Disease ◽

Von Willebrand’S Disease ◽

Platelet Counts ◽

Endogenous Production ◽

Platelet Aggregate ◽

Spontaneous Platelet Aggregation ◽

Von Willebrand

Thrombocytopenia may accompany variant (type IIB) von Willebrand's disease (vWD) and is thought to result from binding of the abnormal von Willebrand factor (vWF) to the patient's platelets with subsequent platelet aggregate formation and clearance. We have studied a patient with type IIB vWD who became thrombocytopenic during two pregnancies. During the third trimester of pregnancy, her platelet counts dropped to 20,000 to 30,000/microL, and an increase in the intermediate-sized vWF multimers was seen on agarose gel electrophoresis. During this time her platelet-rich plasma showed spontaneous platelet aggregation, and her plasma caused spontaneous aggregation of normal washed platelets. Antibody to platelet glycoprotein Ib completely blocked the spontaneous platelet aggregation, while antibody to platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa did not block the response at the concentrations used. Inhibitors of platelet function that elevate platelet cyclic AMP also blocked the response, but aspirin had no effect on the spontaneous platelet aggregation. The patient illustrates that the platelet counts in one individual can vary greatly in type IIB vWD and that the thrombocytopenia that occurs can appear under physiologic conditions that stimulate the endogenous production of the patient's abnormal vWF. The mechanisms leading to spontaneous platelet aggregation and thrombocytopenia appear to be similar to those described for other patients with type IIB vWD.

Download Full-text

Occurrence of haemoparasites in cattle slaughtered at Jalingo abattoir, north-eastern Nigeria

Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.4314/sokjvs.v19i1.3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 21-25

Author(s):

I. Bitrus ◽

H.I. Musa ◽

I.U. Hambali ◽

M. Konto ◽

I. Shittu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Control Policy ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Blood Smears ◽

Significant Difference ◽

High Prevalence ◽

North Eastern ◽

Livestock Productivity ◽

And Control ◽

Thin Blood Smears

Livestock plays a significant role in the economy of a nation but its productivity can be hampered by numerous haemoparasites thereby leading to economic losses to the livestock industry. The prevalence of haemoparasite in cattle slaughtered at Jalingo abattoir was investigated. A total of four hundred blood samples were collected at the point of slaughter, processed, and screened for haemoparasites by examining Giemsa-stained thin blood smears. An overall prevalence of 12.25% was recorded. Four haemoparasites of cattle with prevalence rates of 5.0%, 6.75%, 0.25%, and 0.25% for Anaplasma, Babesia, Microfilaria and Trypanosoma respectively were observed. The prevalence of haemoparasite in relation to sex, revealed higher infection in females (13.75%) than in males (10.0%) which were not found statistically different (P > 0.05). All breeds encountered during the study were infected with haemoparasites with the highest prevalence of 13.91 % recorded in White Fulani, Red Bororo (10.94%), and Sokoto Gudali (10.00 %), while Adamawa Gudali had the least prevalence of 0.5%. There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of haemoparasite in relation to breeds (P > 0.05). High prevalence was observed in the young (14.29%) more than the adult (11.59%) and older (12.14%). The current study has revealed the haemoparasites status in cattle slaughtered at Jalingo abattoir. Therefore, there is a need for effective preventive and control policy of these haemoparasites to enhance livestock productivity. Keywords: Abattoir, cattle, haemoparasite, prevalence, slaughter

Download Full-text

Automated Optical Counting of Blood Platelets

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v38.4.422.422 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 38 (4) ◽

pp. 422-430 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

GEOFFREY M. BRITTIN ◽

SHIRLEY A. DEW ◽

ELVI K. FEWELL

Keyword(s):

Whole Blood ◽

Blood Platelets ◽

Venous Blood ◽

Human Platelets ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Platelet Counts ◽

Large Numbers ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Electronic Method ◽

Electronic Counting

Abstract We have evaluated the use of an optical particle counter to perform automated platelet counts on whole blood. The erythrocytes were lysed by dilution of whole blood with 2 M urea and the remaining platelets and leukocytes were enumerated by a darkfield microscope optical system that detects light diffracted by them. A suspension of fixed human platelets available commercially was highly satisfactory for standardization. The method gave accurate and reproducible platelet counts, comparable with those of electronic particle counting on venous blood and substantially more reliable platelet counts on thrombocytopenic and finger-puncture blood samples. We believe that errors resulting from the electronic method were caused by technical difficulties of sample handling and not to an intrinsic error in electronic counting. By using the automated optical method we found no significant difference between the platelet counts of capillary and venous blood, although capillary platelet counts had twice the variability of venous counts. The optical technique has important advantages over electronic platelet counting, and its superiority appears to be due to the ability to count platelets in diluted whole blood rather than in plasma. It should prove especially useful in performing the large numbers of platelet counts on thrombocytopenic and finger-puncture blood samples that are increasingly important for management of patients receiving chemotherapy.

Download Full-text

Assessment of platelet biology in equine patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome

Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation ◽

10.1177/1040638720983791 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 104063872098379

Author(s):

Carolin Ehrmann ◽

Julia Engel ◽

Andreas Moritz ◽

Katja Roscher

Keyword(s):

Platelet Count ◽

Platelet Aggregation ◽

Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome ◽

Inflammatory Response ◽

Systemic Inflammatory Response ◽

Controlled Study ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Platelet Counts ◽

Impedance Aggregometry ◽

Edta Blood

In addition to maintaining hemostasis, platelets have an important role in modulating innate and adaptive immune responses. A low platelet count has been found to be a negative prognostic factor for survival in humans and horses with critical illnesses, such as sepsis or systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Decreased platelet aggregation, caused by in vivo activation, has been found in human patients with severe sepsis. In our prospective controlled study, we assessed platelet biology in blood samples from 20 equine SIRS cases and 120 healthy control horses. Platelet variables such as platelet count, large platelet count, clumps, plateletcrit, mean platelet volume, and mean platelet component concentration were analyzed by laser flow cytometry (Advia 2120) from K3EDTA blood and from citrate blood. Hirudin blood samples were analyzed by impedance aggregometry (Multiplate analyzer; Roche) for platelet aggregation, including spontaneous aggregation and aggregation by 4 different agonists: adenosine diphosphate (ADPtest), ADP + prostaglandin E1 (ADPtestHS), arachidonic acid (ASPItest), and collagen (COLtest). SIRS cases had significantly lower platelet counts in K3EDTA blood ( p < 0.0001) compared to control horses. There were no significant differences in aggregation values between SIRS cases and controls. Non-surviving SIRS horses did not have statistically significant lower platelet counts or lower aggregation values for COLtest, ADPtest, or ADPtestHS compared to surviving SIRS horses, although 5 non-survivors were thrombocytopenic.

Download Full-text

Blood platelet counts, morphology and morphometry in lions, Panthera leo

Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research ◽

10.4102/ojvr.v76i3.36 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 76 (3) ◽

Author(s):

L. Du Plessis

Keyword(s):

Blood Platelet ◽

Ultrastructural Level ◽

Panthera Leo ◽

Limited Information ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Platelet Counts ◽

Significant Difference ◽

In The Wild ◽

Morphology And Morphometry ◽

Free Ranging

Due to logistical problems in obtaining sufficient blood samples from apparently healthy animals in the wild in order to establish normal haematological reference values, only limited information regarding the blood platelet count and morphology of free-living lions (Panthera leo) is available. This study provides information on platelet counts and describes their morphology with particular reference to size in two normal, healthy and free-ranging lion populations. Blood samples were collected from a total of 16 lions. Platelet counts, determined manually, ranged between 218 and 358 x 109/ℓ. Light microscopy showed mostly activated platelets of various sizes with prominent granules. At the ultrastructural level the platelets revealed typical mammalian platelet morphology. However, morphometricanalysis revealed a significant difference (P < 0.001) in platelet size between the two groups of animals. Basic haematological information obtained in this study may be helpful in future comparative studies between animals of the same species as well as in other felids.

Download Full-text

Assessment of Regulatory T Cells in Childhood Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura

ISRN Hematology ◽

10.1155/2013/143687 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Karina L. M. Mazzucco ◽

Lauro M. Junior ◽

Natália E. Lemos ◽

Andréa Wieck ◽

Annelise Pezzi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Treg Cells ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Control Groups ◽

Platelet Counts ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Control ◽

Control Study

This study had the objective to assess the frequency of Tregs in children newly diagnosed with ITP and ascertain whether an association exists between Tregs and platelet counts, by means of a comparison with healthy controls. This case-control study included 19 patients newly diagnosed with ITP—whose blood samples were collected at four points in time: before any therapy and 1, 3, and 6 months after diagnosis—and 19 healthy controls. Tregs (CD4+ CD25+Foxp3 T cells) were evaluated by flow cytometry. There was a statistically significant difference in platelet count between the case and control groups. There were no significant differences in Treg counts between cases and controls at any point during the course of the study and no difference in Treg counts between the chronic and nonchronic groups and no significant correlation between Tregs and platelet counts in the case and control groups. The findings of this study did not show any statistically significant correlation between Tregs and number of platelets in the case and control groups. Treg cells did not play a role in the regulation of autoimmunity in children with ITP.

Download Full-text

Thrombocytopenia associated with pregnancy in a patient with type IIB von Willebrand's disease

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v69.3.786.786 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 69 (3) ◽

pp. 786-789 ◽

Cited By ~ 70

Author(s):

ME Rick ◽

SB Williams ◽

RA Sacher ◽

LP McKeown

Keyword(s):

Platelet Aggregation ◽

Platelet Rich Plasma ◽

Platelet Glycoprotein ◽

Von Willebrand's Disease ◽

Von Willebrand’S Disease ◽

Platelet Counts ◽

Endogenous Production ◽

Platelet Aggregate ◽

Spontaneous Platelet Aggregation ◽

Von Willebrand

Abstract Thrombocytopenia may accompany variant (type IIB) von Willebrand's disease (vWD) and is thought to result from binding of the abnormal von Willebrand factor (vWF) to the patient's platelets with subsequent platelet aggregate formation and clearance. We have studied a patient with type IIB vWD who became thrombocytopenic during two pregnancies. During the third trimester of pregnancy, her platelet counts dropped to 20,000 to 30,000/microL, and an increase in the intermediate-sized vWF multimers was seen on agarose gel electrophoresis. During this time her platelet-rich plasma showed spontaneous platelet aggregation, and her plasma caused spontaneous aggregation of normal washed platelets. Antibody to platelet glycoprotein Ib completely blocked the spontaneous platelet aggregation, while antibody to platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa did not block the response at the concentrations used. Inhibitors of platelet function that elevate platelet cyclic AMP also blocked the response, but aspirin had no effect on the spontaneous platelet aggregation. The patient illustrates that the platelet counts in one individual can vary greatly in type IIB vWD and that the thrombocytopenia that occurs can appear under physiologic conditions that stimulate the endogenous production of the patient's abnormal vWF. The mechanisms leading to spontaneous platelet aggregation and thrombocytopenia appear to be similar to those described for other patients with type IIB vWD.

Download Full-text

What Happens to Adipokines and Cytokine in Overweight and Obese Girls with Central Precocious Puberty When They Exercise and Stop Exercising? A randomized Controlled Trial

10.21203/rs.3.rs-560214/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Elnaz Shokri ◽

Ali Heidarian pour ◽

Zahra Razavi

Keyword(s):

Precocious Puberty ◽

Training Session ◽

Exercise Group ◽

Trial Registration ◽

Control Group ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Combined Exercise ◽

Tnf Α ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Control

Abstract Background we investigate the levels of adiponectin, resistin, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and signs of puberty progression after 12-weeks of combined exercise and 4-weeks of detraining. Methods Thirty overweight and obese girls (age7-9) with precocious puberty who injected Differlin were randomly divided into two groups (exercise and control). At the beginning, blood samples were obtained from all subjects and serum levels of adiponectin, resistin and TNF-α were measured. Exercise group performed 60minutes of combined (aerobic and resistance) exercises 3 times a week for 12-weeks.Control group did not receive any exercise. 48 hours after the last training session and after four weeks of detraining, blood samples were collected in the second and third stage, respectively. Blood samples were collected from the control group in both steps. BMI, cholesterol, triglyceride, signs of puberty progression (bone age, uterine lengths, ovarian volumes), luteinising hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) were measured on all three occasions. Results In the exercise group, adiponectin significantly increased and resistin significantly decreased after 12-weeks. After 4-weeks of detraining, adiponectin significantly decreased and resistin significantly increased. TNF-α levels did not change significantly during the study. There was no significant difference in all of the factors in the control group. Throughout the 16-week study period, the rate of puberty and LH significantly decreased in both exercise and control groups but FSH and LH/FSH significantly decreased in exercise group, alone. Conclusion Combined exercise increased adiponectin and decreased resistin and rate of puberty. After 4-weeks of detraining, these effects diminished but did not disappear. Trial registration: Trial registration: ISRCTN, ISRCTN39938. Registered 24 may 2021 - Retrospectively registered, https://www.isrctn.com/trialist

Download Full-text