Estimating Somatic Cells in Milk Samples by the Membrane-Filter-DNA Procedure

1977 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT D. BREMEL ◽  
L. H. SCHULTZ ◽  
F. RAYMOND GABLER ◽  
JOSEPH PETERS
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Membrane Filter ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Cell Content ◽  
Membrane Filters ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Calibration Device ◽  
Filter Test ◽  
Microscopic Count ◽  
Relationship Of

Further developments in the membrane-filter DNA procedure for determining the somatic cell content of milk samples are described. A statistical experiment has been done comparing the membrane-filter test to the direct microscopic somatic cell count. Under conditions of the assay a relationship of 0.093 absorbance unit per million cells was obtained at a wavelength of 490 nm. The membrane filter technique is more precise than the direct microscopic count and is not subject to techician bias. A method is described for standardizing the procedure between and within laboratories based on use of lyophilized bovine somatic cells trapped on membrane filters as a calibration device.

ESTIMATION OF SOMATIC CELLS IN MILK USING MEMBRANE FILTER SEPARATION AND DNA DETERMINATION WITH DIPHENYLAMINE1

1970 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 227-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Hutjens ◽  
L. H. Schultz ◽  
G. E. Ward ◽  
S. Yamdagni
Keyword(s):  
Optical Density ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Membrane Filter ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Curvilinear Relationship ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Membrane Filters ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Bulk Milk

A diphenylamine-DNA method of estimating somatic cell concentration in milk was studied in two separate trials. Trial I involved 68 bulk milk samples and a comparison of detergent and centrifuge procedures for separation of milk fat prior to estimation of somatic cells. Membrane filters of 3μ-pore size were used to concentrate cells. Color developed with diphenylamine was measured in a spectrophotometer. The detergent preparation was superior to centrifuging, as judged by correlation coefficients between the direct microscopic cell count (DMSCC) and optical density (OD) of 0.93 and 0.82, respectively, for the two methods. Coefficients of variation of duplicate optical density readings were 9.4 and 16.7 for the detergent and centrifuge methods, respectively. Regression equations revealed a linear relationship between OD and DMSCC for the detergent, but a curvilinear relationship for the centrifuge procedure. In Trial II, 40 bulk milk samples were analyzed with an improved procedure involving detergent preparation, use of membrane filters to collect cells, and modifications of reagents to increase color development with diphenylamine. Correlations of 0.94 between OD and DMSCC and 0.95 between calculated micrograms of DNA and DMSCC were obtained. The coefficient of variation on optical density values was 3.5.An estimate of 9μg of DNA per million somatic cells was calculated, assuming 100% purity of the DNA standard used. This final procedure has been described in detail.

Relationship of Somatic Cell Count and Total Sulfhydryls in Milk

1986 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANIEL R. SAMPLES ◽  
SUSAN L. DILL ◽  
RONALD L. RICHTER ◽  
CHARLES W. DILL
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Cell Concentration ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Individual milk samples from 32 cows were analyzed to determine the relationship between somatic cell concentration and total sulfhydryl concentration (cysteine plus reduced cystine). A significant relationship was detected between somatic cell count, which ranged from 1.7 × 104 to 1.0 × 107 cells/ml, and total sulfhydryls per gram of milk protein. The regression equation, total sulfhydryls/g of milk protein = 31.96 + 7.99 (log10 somatic cell count) with r2 = 0.19, was calculated. The mean total sulfhydryl concentration was 73.1 μmol/g of protein. The minimal effect of somatic cell concentration on total sulfhydryl concentration indicates that somatic cell concentration should have little influence on chemical parameters of milk protein determined by sulfhydryl analysis when proper experimental controls are used.

Enzymic methods for estimation of the somatic cell count in bovine milk: 1. Development of assay techniques and a study of their usefulness in evaluating the somatic cell content of milk

1976 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Kitchen
Keyword(s):  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Initial Rate ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Cell Content ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Fresh Milk ◽  
Assay Procedure ◽  
Incubation Periods

SummaryAssay procedures were developed for a number of enzymes in milk which apparently originate from leucocytes. The enzymes studied were acid phosphatase, N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase, β-glucuronidase, arylsulphatase, α-mannosidase, and catalase. Quarter-milk samples were analysed for enzyme activity and results compared with the electronic cell count and the Wisconsin Mastitis Test. All enzymes measured except acid phosphatase and α-mannosidase showed good correlation with the electronic cell count. Of the other 4 enzymes tested, β-glucuronidase and arylsulphatase were unsuitable as diagnostic aids owing to the lengthy incubation periods required in their assay procedures. The assay of catalase, which involved the measurement of the initial rate of release of O2 using an O2 analyser apparatus, was rapid, sensitive and reasonably reliable, if fresh milk samples were used. The assay procedure for N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase was considered to be the most reliable, simple and rapid enzymic method for estimating the number of somatic cells in milk.

scholarly journals Quality of Mountain Sheep Milk Used for the Production of Traditional Cheeses

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 299-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldona Kawęcka ◽  
Marta Pasternak ◽  
Danuta Słoniewska ◽  
Anna Miksza-Cybulska ◽  
Emilia Bagnicka
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Cell Content ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Sheep Milk ◽  
Urea Content ◽  
Traditional Cheeses ◽  
Quality Of Milk

AbstractThe aim of the research was to assess the quality of milk from mountain sheep used for the production of traditional cheeses, taking into account the influence of the breed, the month of milking, and the content of somatic cells. Milk for the study was obtained from sheep of three mountain breeds: Podhale Zackel (PZ), Polish Mountain Sheep (PMS), and Coloured Mountain Sheep (CMS). The sheep were grazed in mountain pastures after lamb weaning, in the period from May to October in the traditional system. No influence of the breed on the examined parameters was found, except for urea content. Mountain sheep milk was characterized by a content of 19.68% solids, 8.48% fat, 6.63% protein, in which almost 76% was formed by casein (4.99%), and the average lactose content was 4.15%. Other milk parameters also did not differ between breeds: density was 1034.04 g/L, acidity 11.34°SH, and mean somatic cell content was 982.13∙103∙ml−1 (log10SCC = 5.68). The highest urea content was recorded in the milk of Coloured Mountain Sheep (280.69 mg/L) and the lowest urea content was recorded in the milk of Zackel sheep (200.97 mg/L). The month of milking influenced the content of most milk components, but no changes in SCC content during lactation were found. Significant correlations between fat content and other milk parameters were recorded. In the case of urea content, negative, statistically significant correlations with the majority of examined parameters were found.

scholarly journals Somatic cell count during first and second lactation in ewes

10.5219/1059 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 396-401
Author(s):  
Vladimír Tančin ◽  
Kristína Tvarožková ◽  
Michal Uhrinčať ◽  
Lucia Mačuhová ◽  
Martina Vršková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Milk Samples

The aim of this study was to describe the frequency of distribution of ewes in SCC groups on the basis SCS (somatic cells score) per lactation and estimate changes of SCC from 1st lactation on 2nd lactation. The experiment was carried at seven farms in 1st observed period (2016 and 2017) and at eight farms in 2nd observed one (2017 and 2018). Within each of periods the same animals were sampled on their 1st and following 2nd lactation in next year of study, only. Totally 1199 milk samples from 159 ewes and 1653 milk samples from 219 ewes were collected during 1st period and 2nd period, respectively. Milk sampling were taken monthly from April to August in both periods. For evaluation only ewes with minimum three sampling per year (minimum six samples per animal) were included in the study within both periods. The ewes were divided into the five SCC groups on basis of their SCS per lactation: G1 = SCC

Proteolysis and texture of hard ewes' milk cheese during ripening as affected by somatic cell counts

2007 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Revilla ◽  
Jose Manuel Rodríguez-Nogales ◽  
Ana M Vivar-Quintana
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Shear Force ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Cell Content ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Ripening Time ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Maximum Shear Force ◽  
Sensory Qualities

Ewes' milk samples with low (<500000 ml−1), medium (1000000–1500000 ml−1) and high (>2500000 ml−1) somatic cell counts (SCC) were used to manufacture hard ewes' cheese using the Zamorano cheese manufacturing protocol. Cheeses that had been ripened for 1, 2 and 3 months were used to obtain isoelectric ovine casein that was analysed by capillary electrophoresis. The texture of the cheeses during ripening was determined instrumentally using the Warner-Bratzler maximum shear force and assessed for sensory qualities by consumers using hedonic tests. The study revealed that the pH value and the lactose content of the milk were affected by high SCC and that the coagulation properties were dependent on the somatic cell content. The protein and moisture contents of the cheeses were unaffected by SCC but a significant increase of pH with ripening time were observed in high-SCC cheeses. The results also pointed to a significant increase in proteolysis related to SCC levels, showing that intact casein, both αs1 and β-casein, decreased as the SCC of milk increased, and that the proteolytic fragments, mainly I-αs1, increased with SCC levels. Significant differences in texture were found among the samples, the cheeses made with high levels of SCC being significantly less compact at each ripening time. The differences in texture were detected by the consumers, who reported defects in cheeses made with high levels of SCC. Indeed, high SCC cheeses were significantly less well accepted.

scholarly journals PSVIII-36 Late-Breaking Abstract: Somatic cells count in dairy farms of Northern Kazakhstan

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 345-346
Author(s):  
Daulet Aitmukhanbetov ◽  
Aizhan Abylgazinova ◽  
Zhumadiya Tleulenov ◽  
Aliya Serikbaeva
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Cell Content ◽  
The Republic

Abstract According to requirements of the Safety of Milk and Dairy Products in our republic somatic cells count should be less than 750,000 cells / mL. Achieving this level is possible with the implementation of somatic cell programs based on the experience of laboratories in Western Europe and Northern America (G.M. Jones). Somatic cells in milk are counted in the United States and Canada as part of the National Dairy Herd Improvement (DHI) program. The result was a significant improvement of the dairy herd by mastitis level (Barkema H.W., Schukken Y.H., Lam T.J., Beiboer M.L., Wilmink H. et al. 1998). Average somatic cell content was less than 200 thousand cells/mL. The purpose was to determine somatic cells count in the herds of Republic of Kazakhstan and to test the SCC program. Research work was carried out under project “Improving the breeding methods efficiency.” The chemical composition and somatic cell count were carried out on a CombiFossFT + infrared analyzer. The results of counting somatic cells in milk of dairy cows in the farms of the northern region, the Republic of Kazakhstan, showed that the quality of milk in most dairy farms meets the requirements of the technical regulation on the quality and safety of milk (table 1). According to the table, it can be said that livestock of dairy cattle by 16% or more are affected by clinical and subclinical mastitis. Moreover, each farm receives less than 6% or more of milk. To increase the efficiency of dairy cattle breeding in the Republic of Kazakhstan, it is necessary to introduce a program for somatic cell counting into the practice of dairy laboratories.

Collaborative Study of the Coulter Counter-Chemical Method for Counting Somatic Cells in Raw Milk1

1977 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 456-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. GINN ◽  
D. R. THOMPSON ◽  
V. S. PACKARD
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Chemical Method ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Counting Procedure ◽  
Electronic Counting

Variation between laboratories for Electronic Somatic Cell Counting by the chemical method (ESCC) was evaluated by a collaborative study. Eight laboratories counted somatic cells in 12 milk samples (six replicated samples) by the ESCC method. The somatic cell count for the same milk samples was also evaluated by the Direct Microscopic Somatic Cell Counting procedure (DMSCC) as a comparison for the level of error. The standard deviation of the variation of logarithms of ESCC counts between laboratories was 0.04368. The standard deviation for the variation of logarithms of DMSCC counts between technicians was 0.08617. The corresponding value for the DMSCC analysis of the last set of federal split milk samples was 0.141. An earlier study of electronic counting by the centrifuge method showed a standard deviation of 0.0711.

scholarly journals Monitoring research of somatic cells count in goat milk in the eastern region of Ukraine

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 1101
Author(s):  
T. I. FOTINA ◽  
H. A. FOTINA ◽  
V. I. LADYKA ◽  
L. M. LADYKA ◽  
N. M. ZAZHARSKA
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Clear Pattern ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Average Sample

The aim of research was to analyze the contents of somatic cells (SC) in goat milk in the East of Ukraine, level of SC translocation in the process of milking, speed of SC evacuation in their secret, to conduct monitoring and ranging on the level of SC goat milk of herds in the Eastern region during 2015 seasonally. Somatic cell count was studied on a large number of animals in different zones of the East of Ukraine (1800 milk samples). Somatic cell count in goat milk of the Eastern region of Ukraine appears up to 800×10³ cells/ml at 65-71% of studied milk samples by the method of laser-running cytometry with the account of only those cells having DNA in the nucleus. While analyze of SC subpopulations in goat milk it is shown that at increase to 2 million cells/ml and more the concentration of neutrophils and lymphocytes does not change and the number of macrophages and eosinophils (р≤0,05) rises from 1,5 to 4 times accordingly. It is marked that SC contents in goat milk in the morning and evening yield of milk is different. In evening yield of milk, the somatic cell count is up to 30 % higher than in the morning one. A clear pattern of distribution of somatic cells in milk portions during milking was not detected. Average sample of yield is required to determine the somatic cell count in the milk of goats. Six of the eight goats over six months of lactation were given milk with a fairly constant somatic cell count. Low and fairly constant somatic cells content (15 to 63 × 103 cells / ml) is observed in the milk of primiparous goats.

scholarly journals Cytological quality of milk of primiparous cows kept in cubicles bedded with separated manure

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
Stanisław Winnicki ◽  
Zbigniew Sobek ◽  
Ryszard Kujawiak ◽  
Jerzy Jugowar ◽  
Anna Nienartowicz-Zdrojewska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Subclinical Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Somatic Cell Counts ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Daily Milk

Abstract. A study was conducted on the effect of separated manure as bedding material on milk quality as manifested in the somatic cell count. Cows were maintained in a loose barn in cubicles bedded with fresh separated cattle manure (SCM) with 40 % solids content. Analyses were conducted on 242 primiparous Polish Black and White Holstein-Friesian cows in the course of a 305-day lactation. Mean milk yield in that period amounted to over 9000 kg per cow. Somatic cell counts, daily milk yields and chemical composition of milk were analysed. Data were obtained from analyses of 2324 milk samples. It was found that 93.3 % of samples contained less than 400 000 somatic cells per 1 mL milk. Approximately 4.3 % of milk samples contained the number of somatic cells indicating subclinical mastitis (200 000 cells mL−1), while in 2.4 % it was clinical mastitis (> 800 000 cells mL−1). The incidence rate for both forms of mastitis was similar in the beginning and at the end of lactation. Mean daily milk yield of cows producing milk classified according to quality (SCC) grades 1 (< 25 000 cells mL−1) and 2 (< 25 000; 50 000 > cells mL−1) was statistically significantly greater than the yields of other cows. For analysed milk constituents a relationship was found between SCC classes and contents of milk fat and solids. Conducted analyses showed that SCM as bedding in cow cubicles had no effect on somatic cell counts in milk of primiparous cows. The study was conducted in a single holding, in one lactation, on cows calving in 2014.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document