scholarly journals PSVIII-36 Late-Breaking Abstract: Somatic cells count in dairy farms of Northern Kazakhstan

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 345-346
Author(s):  
Daulet Aitmukhanbetov ◽  
Aizhan Abylgazinova ◽  
Zhumadiya Tleulenov ◽  
Aliya Serikbaeva
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Cell Content ◽  
The Republic

Abstract According to requirements of the Safety of Milk and Dairy Products in our republic somatic cells count should be less than 750,000 cells / mL. Achieving this level is possible with the implementation of somatic cell programs based on the experience of laboratories in Western Europe and Northern America (G.M. Jones). Somatic cells in milk are counted in the United States and Canada as part of the National Dairy Herd Improvement (DHI) program. The result was a significant improvement of the dairy herd by mastitis level (Barkema H.W., Schukken Y.H., Lam T.J., Beiboer M.L., Wilmink H. et al. 1998). Average somatic cell content was less than 200 thousand cells/mL. The purpose was to determine somatic cells count in the herds of Republic of Kazakhstan and to test the SCC program. Research work was carried out under project “Improving the breeding methods efficiency.” The chemical composition and somatic cell count were carried out on a CombiFossFT + infrared analyzer. The results of counting somatic cells in milk of dairy cows in the farms of the northern region, the Republic of Kazakhstan, showed that the quality of milk in most dairy farms meets the requirements of the technical regulation on the quality and safety of milk (table 1). According to the table, it can be said that livestock of dairy cattle by 16% or more are affected by clinical and subclinical mastitis. Moreover, each farm receives less than 6% or more of milk. To increase the efficiency of dairy cattle breeding in the Republic of Kazakhstan, it is necessary to introduce a program for somatic cell counting into the practice of dairy laboratories.

Optical Somatic Cell Counting and Total Protein Analysis in a Dairy Herd Improvement Program1

1977 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 671-675 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. WANG ◽  
G. H. RICHARDSON
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Potassium Dichromate ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Fresh Milk ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cheese Industry

Milk sample preparation for Optical Somatic Cell Counter II operation was simplified by using a diluter to add fixative, mix, and dilute samples. Potassium dichromate preservative tablets produced a mean increase of 7,000 in somatic cell counts in fresh milk. Samples held at 20–23 C beyond 2 days or at 4–7 C beyond 4 days showed a reduction in somatic cell count. The mean somatic cells in 3 Holstein herds tested over a 6-month period was 3.8 × 105/ml. A 22-month survey of 52.6 thousand Utah Dairy Herd Improvement samples which were shipped under ambient conditions and then held at 5 C until tested, indicated 75% below 400,000 and 2.7% above 1.6 million somatic cells/ml. Casein, noncasein protein, total protein, fat and milk weight data were also obtained on the three herds. Multiple correlations were obtained. The best correlations suggested that testing for total protein and somatic cells in a central laboratory would estimate casein and noncasein protein. Such tests are most valuable for the cheese industry.

Preparation and Use of Somatic Cell Count Samples (SCCS) for Comparison of Milk Somatic Cell Counting Methods

1987 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. LINTNER ◽  
A. L. LANGE ◽  
C. W. HEALD ◽  
R. J. EBERHART
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Coulter Counter ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Cell Content ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Counting Methods ◽  
Before And After

Somatic cell count samples (SCCS) for use in comparison of milk somatic cell counting methods were prepared from the cell sediment deposited in a creamery milk separator. Bovine milk somatic cells were resuspended from the sediment, and serial cell dilutions were prepared in bronopol-preserved milk diluent. Over a 1-year period, sets of SCCS were prepared each month and sent to milk-testing laboratories in the U.S.A., Canada and Europe, and counted by the methods in use at those Laboratories: (a) direct microscopic somatic cell count (DMSCC), (b) Fossomatic counter and (c) Coulter counter. Cell counts were normalized to eliminate the effect of month to month variation in the cell content of the SCCS. Counts obtained by the three methods were similar, although Coulter counter results tended to be lower, and significantly lower (P< 0.05) in SCCS with cell counts greater than 700,000 cells/ml than those counts by the other two methods. The effect of shipping on SCCS stability was assessed for SCCS samples sent to and returned from other laboratories, and counted by the Fossomatic method on their return. Counts were similar before and after shipping, except that results for SCCS with cell counts greater than 1,000,000 cells/ml were significantly higher (P<0.05) after their return.

EFFICIENCY OF APPLICATION OF INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES: EXPERIENCE OF DAIRY FARMS OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1589-1599
Author(s):  
G.U. Akimbekova ◽  
◽  
A.B. Baimukhanov ◽  
U.R. Kaskabaev ◽  
D.V. Serdobintsev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Innovative Technologies ◽  
Dairy Cattle Breeding ◽  
The Republic

The article presents the economic efficiency of the use of innovative technologies in dairy farms, in particular, the technology of keeping calves on the example of three dairy farms containing 1000 or more dairy cows (AIC “Adal” JSC, Aidarbayev farm, LLP “Agrofirm“ Dinara-Ranch “of the Almaty region), which made it possible to determine the development potential of these farms, to give an economic assessment of the level of production. The presented calculation of the economic efficiency of model farms for the dairy industry of the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Kazakhstan made it possible to ensure a reasonable transfer and adaptation of technologies for the automation of technological processes for the production of livestock products in dairy cattle breeding in Kazakhstan, which will contribute to the achievement of goals, objectives and indicators as part of the implementation of the State Program for the Development of the Agro-Industrial Complex of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2017-2021 Reducing the volume of milk production and the level of its consumption is a technological backwardness, since the share of dairy farms using modern technologies and equipment is 10-15% of their total number. In addition, the equipment of new and reconstructed dairy complexes and farms does not always correspond to modern technological requirements for keeping and feeding highly productive livestock. As a result, their biological potential is far from being fully realized, which negatively affects the provision of the population with milk and dairy products of domestic production. Taking into account the long duration of the reproduction cycle and the low rate of capital turnover in dairy cattle breeding, the introduction of innovations occurs in the sub-industry with some delay compared to other sub-sectors (pig and poultry farming). One of the tools for modernizing dairy farming in the current conditions is the introduction of modern digital, information and intelligent technologies (artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things and the industrial Internet). Their implementation can turn milk production into a high-tech business, increase labor productivity due to the emergence of super-productive animal breeds, solutions for accelerated selection; high quality feed and veterinary drugs; innovative delivery services.

scholarly journals Quality of Mountain Sheep Milk Used for the Production of Traditional Cheeses

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 299-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldona Kawęcka ◽  
Marta Pasternak ◽  
Danuta Słoniewska ◽  
Anna Miksza-Cybulska ◽  
Emilia Bagnicka
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Cell Content ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Sheep Milk ◽  
Urea Content ◽  
Traditional Cheeses ◽  
Quality Of Milk

AbstractThe aim of the research was to assess the quality of milk from mountain sheep used for the production of traditional cheeses, taking into account the influence of the breed, the month of milking, and the content of somatic cells. Milk for the study was obtained from sheep of three mountain breeds: Podhale Zackel (PZ), Polish Mountain Sheep (PMS), and Coloured Mountain Sheep (CMS). The sheep were grazed in mountain pastures after lamb weaning, in the period from May to October in the traditional system. No influence of the breed on the examined parameters was found, except for urea content. Mountain sheep milk was characterized by a content of 19.68% solids, 8.48% fat, 6.63% protein, in which almost 76% was formed by casein (4.99%), and the average lactose content was 4.15%. Other milk parameters also did not differ between breeds: density was 1034.04 g/L, acidity 11.34°SH, and mean somatic cell content was 982.13∙103∙ml−1 (log10SCC = 5.68). The highest urea content was recorded in the milk of Coloured Mountain Sheep (280.69 mg/L) and the lowest urea content was recorded in the milk of Zackel sheep (200.97 mg/L). The month of milking influenced the content of most milk components, but no changes in SCC content during lactation were found. Significant correlations between fat content and other milk parameters were recorded. In the case of urea content, negative, statistically significant correlations with the majority of examined parameters were found.

scholarly journals Seasonal Effect on Milk Composition, Somatic Cell Content and Milk Coagulation Properties of Italian Holstein-Friesian Cows

2019 ◽  
pp. 998
Author(s):  
Beux, Simone ◽  
Cassandro Martino ◽  
Lima Vanderlei Aparecido de ◽  
Zielinski Acácio Antonio Ferreira, Nogueira Alessandro ◽  
Waszczynskyj Nina
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Seasonal Effect ◽  
Cell Content ◽  
Rennet Coagulation ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Milk Coagulation ◽  
Friesian Cows

This study investigated the seasonal effect on composition, somatic cell content and coagulation properties of bovine milk during two different periods of the year (summer and autumn). 592 samples of raw milk from Italian Holstein-Friesian cows from different locations in the Veneto region, Italy, were collected. The samples were submitted to the following analyses: fat, protein, casein and lactose percentages and pH by infrared spectroscopy; somatic cell counting by optical fluorescence and milk coagulation properties expressed in rennet coagulation time (RCT, min) and curd firmness or consistency 30 minutes after the addition of rennet (a30, mm) by lactodinamography. The index of the aptitude of milk to coagulate (IAC) was also determined from the lactodinamographic parameters that were obtained. To verify the environmental conditions, the temperature humidity index (THI) was calculated for each collection period. No significant difference (p <0.05) was observed between protein, casein, lactose and pH in the samples collected in the summer and the autumn. However, the results for somatic cells, RCT, a30 and IAC were significantly different, with lower results in the summer. Over all the total samples analysed, 41.2% showed a milk that did not coagulate in the 30 minutes, with a higher percentage for samples collected in the summer and during this period presented lower results to of RCT, a30 and IAC; the THI values, as expected, were higher in the summer than in the autumn. The THI presented statistically different means (p <0.05), which were 73.24 in the summer and 57.43 in the autumn. Milk with this characteristic is not suitable for cheese production; however, it is suitable to produce fluid milk, or for other derivatives where enzymatic coagulation is not part of the process.

scholarly journals Associations of risk factors with somatic cell count in bulk tank milk on organic and conventional dairy farms in the United States

2013 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 3689-3702 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.M. Cicconi-Hogan ◽  
M. Gamroth ◽  
R. Richert ◽  
P.L. Ruegg ◽  
K.E. Stiglbauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
The United States ◽  
Bulk Tank Milk ◽  
Bulk Tank

scholarly journals Animal Welfare Assessment: Can We Develop a Practical, Time-Limited Assessment Protocol for Pasture-Based Dairy Cows in New Zealand?

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1918
Author(s):  
Sujan Sapkota ◽  
Richard Laven ◽  
Kristina Müller ◽  
Nikki Kells
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Welfare Assessment ◽  
Assessment Protocol ◽  
Specific Protocol ◽  
Almost All ◽  
On Farm

Despite being a leading producer and exporter of dairy products, New Zealand has no industry-recognised welfare assessment protocol. A New Zealand-specific protocol is essential, as almost all dairy farms in New Zealand are pasture-based and housing is rarely used. Therefore, protocols developed for intensive cows are not suitable. The aim of this study was to develop a simple yet practical welfare assessment protocol that could be used to assess the welfare of a dairy herd during one visit timed to occur around milking. Six welfare assessment protocols and four studies of dairy cattle welfare assessments that had some focus on dairy cattle welfare at pasture were used, along with the New Zealand Dairy Cattle Code of Welfare, to identify potential assessments for inclusion in the protocol. Eighty-four potential assessments (20 record-based and 64 that needed assessing on-farm) were identified by this process of welfare assessments. After screening to exclude on-farm assessments that were not relevant, that had only limited practical application in pasture-based dairy cows or that required more time than available, 28 on-farm assessments remained, which were put together with the 20 record-based assessments and were tested for feasibility, practicality and time on two pasture-based dairy farms. Assessments were then identified as suitable, suitable after modification or not feasible. Suitable and modified assessments were then included in the final protocol alongside additional measures specific to New Zealand dairy farms. The final protocol included 24 on-farm assessments and eight record-based assessments. Further testing of these 32 assessments is needed on more dairy farms across New Zealand before the protocol can be used to routinely assess the welfare of dairy cows in New Zealand.

Estimating Somatic Cells in Milk Samples by the Membrane-Filter-DNA Procedure

1977 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBERT D. BREMEL ◽  
L. H. SCHULTZ ◽  
F. RAYMOND GABLER ◽  
JOSEPH PETERS
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Membrane Filter ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Cell Content ◽  
Membrane Filters ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Calibration Device ◽  
Filter Test ◽  
Microscopic Count ◽  
Relationship Of

Further developments in the membrane-filter DNA procedure for determining the somatic cell content of milk samples are described. A statistical experiment has been done comparing the membrane-filter test to the direct microscopic somatic cell count. Under conditions of the assay a relationship of 0.093 absorbance unit per million cells was obtained at a wavelength of 490 nm. The membrane filter technique is more precise than the direct microscopic count and is not subject to techician bias. A method is described for standardizing the procedure between and within laboratories based on use of lyophilized bovine somatic cells trapped on membrane filters as a calibration device.

scholarly journals Prevalence of mastitis in dairy cows from smallholder farms in Zimbabwe

2013 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simbarashe Katsande ◽  
Gift Matope ◽  
Masimba Ndengu ◽  
Davies M. Pfukenyi
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Herd Level ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Physical Examinations

A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of sub-clinical and clinical mastitis and the associated factors in cows from selected smallholder dairy farms in Zimbabwe. Physical examinations were conducted on all lactating cows for evidence of signs of clinical mastitis. Composite milk samples were collected from all lactating cows for bacterial culture and somatic cell counting. Cows were categorised as clinical if they exhibited clinical features of mastitis, or sub-clinical if no apparent signs were present but they had a positive bacterial isolation and a somatic cell count of at least 300 x 103 cells/mL. Farm-level factors were obtained through a structured questionnaire. The association of mastitis and animal- and herd-level factors were analysed using logistic regression. A total of 584 animals from 73 farms were tested. Overall, 21.1%(123/584) had mastitis, 16.3%(95/584) had sub-clinical mastitis and 4.8% (28/584) had clinical mastitis. Herd-level prevalence was 49.3%. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (27.6%),  Escherichia coli (25.2%),  Staphylococcus aureus(16.3%), Klebsiella spp. (15.5%) and Streptococcus spp. (1.6%) were the most common isolates. In individual cows, pure dairy herds (OR = 6.3) and dairy crosses (OR = 3.1) were more likely to have mastitis compared to Mashona cows. Farms that used pre-milking teat dipping were associated with reduced mastitis prevalence. Further research is needed on the prevalence of mastitis and a comparison of data for both smallholder and commercial dairy farms in all regions of Zimbabwe should be undertaken.

Collaborative Study of the Coulter Counter-Chemical Method for Counting Somatic Cells in Raw Milk1

1977 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 456-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. GINN ◽  
D. R. THOMPSON ◽  
V. S. PACKARD
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Somatic Cell ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Chemical Method ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Somatic Cells ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Counting Procedure ◽  
Electronic Counting

Variation between laboratories for Electronic Somatic Cell Counting by the chemical method (ESCC) was evaluated by a collaborative study. Eight laboratories counted somatic cells in 12 milk samples (six replicated samples) by the ESCC method. The somatic cell count for the same milk samples was also evaluated by the Direct Microscopic Somatic Cell Counting procedure (DMSCC) as a comparison for the level of error. The standard deviation of the variation of logarithms of ESCC counts between laboratories was 0.04368. The standard deviation for the variation of logarithms of DMSCC counts between technicians was 0.08617. The corresponding value for the DMSCC analysis of the last set of federal split milk samples was 0.141. An earlier study of electronic counting by the centrifuge method showed a standard deviation of 0.0711.

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