Fate of Enteropathogens Inoculated onto Chopped Ham1

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 624-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. STILES ◽  
L.-K. NG
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Enteropathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Specific Pathogen ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Group D ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Holding Temperature

A survey of 36 pairs of new (< 10 days from manufacture) and old (pull date) samples of vacuum-packaged, sliced chopped ham were analyzed for total microbial load, specific pathogen count and pH. Results indicated a wide range of microbial loads, absence of pathogenic bacteria at the levels tested, and presumptive group D streptococci generally < 100/g except for 22% of new samples and 44% of old samples, which had presumptive group D counts > 100 but < 106/g. The survey results also indicated marked differences in pH between products from different manufacturers. Product from two manufacturers was selected for inoculation studies. Chopped ham sandwiches were inoculated with a mixture of five enteropathogenic bacteria and held at 30, 21 and 4 C for up to 24 h. Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus, but not Clostridium petfringens, grew in low competition product under the severely abusive holding temperature of 30 C in < 24 h, at 21 C in > 24 h. Product from one manufacturer inhibited the gram negative pathogens. Results indicated that chopped ham in sandwiches required almost unrealistic mishandling to develop a food poisoning potential by enterotoxigenic bacteria, but infective pathogens survived well.

HIGH VAGINAL SWABS;

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (04) ◽  
pp. 622-626
Author(s):  
Shamas Pervaiz ◽  
Faiza Sarwar ◽  
Abdul Rauf ◽  
Muhammad Saifullah
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Vaginal Discharge ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Sensitivity Testing ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Health Care Center ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Vaginal Swabs

Normal vaginal flora contains a wide range of microorganisms. Hydrogen peroxideproduced by Lactobacillus strains plays a vital role in maintaining the microenvironment of thevagina and in the inhibition of overgrowth of potentially pathogenic bacteria. Bacterial vaginosisBV is the main reason of vaginal discharge. Many gram positive and gram negative rods i.e.E.coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas spp. are major contributors inbacterial vaginosis. Aim: The present study was conducted to elucidate the frequency of variousgram-negative rods in high vaginal swabs and sensitivity pattern of bacteria to antibiotics thatare currently used. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Department of Obstetricsand Gynecology of Benazir Bhutto Hospital Rawalpindi, a tertiary health care center for thepeople of Rawalpindi. Period: January 2015 to May 2016. Material and Methods: A total of220 High vaginal swabs (HVS) were collected both from indoor and outdoor patients presentingwith symptoms of vaginal discharge aged between 20 to 65 years. Swabs were inoculated onblood, Chocolate and MacConkey’s agar. After overnight incubation plates were examined forgrowth, colonial morphology, final confirmation was done on the basis of biochemical testingand API 20-E system (BioMerieux, France) up to species level. Antibiotic sensitivity testing wasdone by (modified Kirby-Bauer’s) disc diffusion method using amikacin, ampicillin, amoxicillinclavulanic acid, imipenem, ceftazidime, tigecycline, ciprofloxacin, sulzone and cefixime. Afterovernight incubation plates were examined to read the susceptibility zone. Results: Out of 220HVS samples, 100 samples showed bacterial growth and confirmed as Gram negative bacilli.Age wise distribution of infection showed highest rates b/w age 20-30 was 36% followed by 31-40 (23%), 41-50 (25%) and 11% above 50 years of age. Bacteria isolated from HVS were E.coli(53%), Klebsiella (22%), Pseudomonas (12%), citrobacter (6%), Proteus (5%) and Acinetobacter(2%) respectively. Highly sensitive antibiotics against bacteria were imipenem (96%), sulzone(90%) and Ciprofloxacin (88%), whereas least affective antibiotics against gram negative rodswere penicillins (ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid), amikacin due to indiscriminate use ofantibiotics. Conclusion: High prevalence of gynecological infections demands that the patientswho have vaginosis must be investigated regularly and carefully through culture and identificationof causative bacteria. Emergence of antibiotic resistance must be controlled in order to avoidimproper use, frequent abuse, insufficient dosages, trouble-free availability of antibiotics andtreatment schedule must be designed subsequent to proper laboratory investigations.

Food Poisoning Potential of Artificially Contaminated Vacuum Packaged Sliced Ham in Sandwiches1

1981 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 430-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMES E. STEELE ◽  
MICHAEL E. STILES
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Microbial Competition ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Enteropathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Test Conditions ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Ham sandwiches inoculated with a mixture of five enteropathogenic bacteria, Bacillus cereus, Clostridium perfringens. Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus, were held at 30, 21 and 4 C for up to 24 h. Food poisoning potential was judged by the growth and survival of the inoculated pathogens. Major differences were observed between new and old (30 days of storage at 4 C) ham samples. On new ham, all enteropathogens were able to grow except C. perfringens, whereas on old ham, with high microbial competition. the pathogens survived but did not grow. Severe storage temperature abuse was necessary to develop a food poisoning potential in new ham samples. The safety of old ham was attributed to the competitive microflora that grew in the ham during storage at 4 C for 30 days. Infective pathogens, E. coli and S. typhimurium, either survived or increased in numbers under all test conditions. The safety of vacuum packaged sliced ham for use in sandwiches, in its present market form, was indicated by these studies.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Potential of Rhizospheric Bacteria Streptobacillus sp.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Kishor Prasad ◽  
Riddha Dey ◽  
Richa Raghuwanshi
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Good Source ◽  
Rhizospheric Bacteria ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Agar Well Diffusion Method

Rhizospheric bacteria exhibiting antagonistic effects are a good source for the production of antibiotics. The antibiotics produced are naturally bactericidal or bacteriostatic in nature. In the present investigation, thirty-five rhizospheric bacteria were isolated from different soil samples. Agar well diffusion method, streak agar method, disc diffusion method and biochemical tests were performed to screen the ten antibiotic-producing bacteria. Among them, strain JRR34 selected on the basis of primary antagonistic activity was identified as Streptobacillus sp. Media optimisation was done to ensure maximum production of secondary metabolites. Streptobacillus sp. JRR34 showed good inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. The ethyl crude extract of Streptobacillus sp. JRR34 rhizobacteria possessing good antagonistic activity against a wide range of pathogenic bacteria can be a vital source of novel antibiotics.

scholarly journals The Effect of Trigonella Foenum_Graecum Seed Extracts on Some Bacteria Species and Their Role in Prolonging the Shelf Life of Meat

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-27
Author(s):  
Ajeena S. J. ◽  
Hsahn L. K. ◽  
Hakeem I. M. ◽  
Ali T. I.
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Control Sample ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Minced Beef ◽  
Oil Extract ◽  
Mold And Yeast ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Seed Extracts

nhibitory action of the aqueous (WE), acetone (AE), methyl (ME), and volatile oil (OE) Of Trigonella Foenum_Graecum seeds against some pathogenic bacteria was evaluated. Different concentration (20, 50, 80) mgml of the extract were used against gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas spp.) and gram positive (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria. The result obtained from this study varied according to the type of extract, microorganism and the concentration used. Volatile oil extract had shown efficiency inhibiting both gram negative and positive bacteria in all concentration. So acetone, methyl and aqueous extract had shown efficiency inhibiting both gram negative and positive bacteria in 80 mgml concentration. While the last extracts had no efficiency inhibiting against study bacteria in 20mgml concentration, and they no effected at the negative bacteria in 50mgml concentrations, so the aqueous extract had no effect against positive bacteria in the same last concentration. The volatile oil extract seed was considered to be the most efficient against all tested bacteria comparing with other. Thus it was applied on preserving cooled minced beef by using different concentrations (0, 5, 15, 25, 50, 100) mgkg of meat. As a result showed low in the number of total bacteria count, total coli form count and total mold and yeast count c by using highest concentration of extracts during the storage at(2±7)oc comparing with control sample.

scholarly journals A Novel msDNA (Multicopy Single-Stranded DNA) Strain Present inYersinia frederikseniiATCC 33641 Contig01029 Enteropathogenic Bacteria with the Genomic Analysis of It's Retron

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasel Das ◽  
Tadashi Shimamoto ◽  
Md. Arifuzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Codon Usage ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Single Stranded Dna ◽  
Transposase Gene ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Enteropathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bioinformatics Tools ◽  
Foreign Dna

Retron is a retroelement that encodes msDNA (multicopy single-stranded DNA) which was significantly found mainly in Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria. We screenedYersinia frederikseniiATCC 33641 contig01029 for the presence of retroelement by using bioinformatics tools and characterized a novel retron-Yf79 on the chromosome that encodes msDNA-Yf79. In this study, we perceived that, the codon usage of retron-Yf79 were noteworthy different from those of theY. frederikseniigenome. It demonstrates that, the retron-Yf79 was a foreign DNA element and integrated into this organism genome during their evolution. In addition to this, we have observed a transposase gene which is located just downstream of retron-Yf79. So, the enzyme might be responsible for the transposition of this novel retron element.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF SOME IMPORTANT SPICES

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
Ranganathan Kapilan
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Wide Range

Wide range of plant extracts are used for medicinal purposes as they are very cheap, efficient, harmless and do not cause any side effects. Spices are parts of different plants and they add special aroma and taste to the food preparations. The aim of the study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of some important naturally grown spices against gram positive and gram negative pathogenic bacteria. Antibacterial activity of the spices was tested against gram positive bacteria Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus and gram negative bacteria Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using aqueous, ethanolic, methanolic and liquid nutrient extracts. Among all the extracts tested alcoholic extracts of Cardamom (Elettaria cardamom), clove (Eugenia caryophyllus) and lemongrass (Cymbopogoncitratus) showed maximum antimicrobial activity against gram negative bacteria while alcoholic extract of Cardamom (Elettaria cardamom) and lemongrass (Cymbopogoncitratus) showed maximum activity against gram positive bacteria. All the spices tested in this study proved that they have antibacterial activity and the maximum activity index (1.39) was exhibited by the ethanol extract of cardamom against E.coli.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Studies of Novel Series of 2,4-Bis(hydrazino)-6-substituted-1,3,5-triazine and Their Schiff Base Derivatives

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hessa H. Al-Rasheed ◽  
Essam N. Sholkamy ◽  
Monirah Al Alshaikh ◽  
Mohammed R. H. Siddiqui ◽  
Ahmed S. Al-Obaidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schiff Base ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Studies ◽  
Schiff Base Derivatives ◽  
Wide Range

The present work represents the synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial studies of novel series of 2,4-bis(hydrazino)-6-substituted-1,3,5-triazine and their Schiff base derivatives. IR, NMR (H1 and C13), elemental analysis, and LC-MS characterized the prepared compounds. The biological activity of the target products was evaluated as well. Twenty-two of the prepared compounds were selected according to their solubility in aqueous DMSO. Only eight compounds showed good activity against the selected pathogenic bacteria and did not show antagonistic effect against fungus Candida albicans. Two compounds 4k and 5g have wide-range effect presently in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria while other compounds (4f, 4i, 4m, 5d, 6i, and 6h) showed specific effect against the Gram-negative or Gram-positive bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC, μg/mL) of 4f, 4i, 4k, and 6h compounds against Streptococcus mutans was 62.5 μg/mL, 100 μg/mL, 31.25 μg/mL, and 31.25 μg/mL, respectively. The MIC of 4m, 4k, 5d, 5g, and 6h compounds against Staphylococcus aureus was 62.5 μg/mL, 31.25 μg/mL, 31.25 μg/mL, 100 μg/mL, and 62.5 μg/mL, respectively. The MIC of 4k, 5g, and 6i compounds against Salmonella typhimurium was 31.25 μg/mL, 100 μg/mL, and 62.5 μg/mL, respectively. The MIC of 6i compound against Escherichia coli was 62.5 μg/mL.

A Study of Microbial Quality of Vacuum Packaged, Sliced Bologna1

1978 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 811-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. PARADIS ◽  
M. E. STILES
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Microbial Load ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Microbial Quality ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Contrast Group ◽  
Group D

A study of 113 samples of vacuum packaged sliced bologna offered for sale in the retail marketplace revealed a wide range of total microbial loads. The pH was not closely related with age or microbial load, within the manufacturers' expected shelf-life of the product. Approximately 55% of old samples had pH >6.0, and pH was influenced by manufacturer. Confirmed coliform bacteria were detected in 5% of samples, but Escherichia coli was absent (<3/10g). In contrast, group D streptococci were present, sometimes in large numbers, depending on manufacturer. Potentially pathogenic bacteria, including Clostridium perfringens (>10/g), coagulase positive Staphylococcus aureus (>25/g) and Salmonella (in 25 g of sample) were generally not detected. Only one sample contained >25 S. aureus/g. No relationship was observed between total microbial load and indicator organisms or pathogenic bacteria.

scholarly journals Pathogens Transmitted through Contaminated Rice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leka Lutpiatina
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Food Poisoning ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Food Handlers ◽  
Modes Of Transmission ◽  
Review Articles ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Rice can be a source of food poisoning because it can be contaminated with dangerous pathogens. Pathogens that often transmitted through rice are Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus. This chapter aims to explain the dangers of pathogens transmitted through contaminated rice, modes of transmission, contamination cases, and precautions. The method used in writing is to review articles. It is known that pathogens transmitted through contaminated rice can cause food poisoning, which occurs due to consuming rice containing pathogenic bacteria. Several cases of contamination of Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus in rice occurred in Indonesia, Pakistan, India, Malaysia, Belgium, America, Australia, Korea, Iran, China, and Nigeria. In general, prevention is by proper handling of raw materials, controlling the temperature of cooking and storing rice, and personal hygiene of food handlers.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Effect of Essential Oils (Clove Oil, Castor Oil and Ginger Oil) Against Human Pathogenic Bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 250-255
Author(s):  
Shraddha Dulal ◽  
Sujan Chaudhary ◽  
Chiranjibi Dangi ◽  
Shiv Nandan Sah
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Human Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Wide Range

Essential oils are volatile, natural, complex compounds which are produced as secondary metabolites by plants for their protection against various microorganisms as well as pests. A wide range of plants have been explored for their essential oils in the past few decades. The study was conducted to determine the antibacterial activity of essential oils against human pathogenic bacteria which were gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes) as well as gram negative (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Shigella sonnei). Five ml of three different oils, i.e. clove oil, castor oil, and ginger oil, were taken in a test tube so that each oil had four different concentrations. Four concentrations of (0, 25, 50 and 75) μL of oils were mixed with 1000, 975, 950 and 925 μL of DMSO respectively to make it a volume of 1ml. It was observed that clove oil was effective against the entire gram positive as well as gram negative bacteria that were used. The inhibition zone was greatest in the case of clove oil at 75 μL against P. aeruginosa (23 mm) and the smallest zone of inhibition was shown by castor oil against K. pneumoniae (12 mm). Other oils were sensitive as well as resistant to the bacteria. Hence, it is found that different oils have shown inhibitory activity towards different pathogens to a variable extent. However, clove oil was inhibitory to all the bacteria in all concentrations. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 9(4): 250-255  

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