Prevalence of Verotoxigenic Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Fecal and Ear Samples from Slaughtered Cattle in Sweden

2009 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 1709-1712 ◽  
Author(s):  
SOFIA BOQVIST ◽  
ANNA ASPAN ◽  
ERIK ERIKSSON
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Prevalence Data ◽  
Adult Cattle ◽  
Young Stock ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Age Variations ◽  
Monitoring Study ◽  
Carcass Contamination

A national verotoxigenic Escherichia coli (VTEC) O157:H7 monitoring study was carried out among cattle at slaughter in Sweden during 2005 and 2006. Sixty (3.4%; 95% confidence interval, 3.3 to 3.5%) of 1,758 fecal samples collected and 54 (12%; 95% confidence interval, 11.9 to 12.4 %) of 446 ear samples tested positive for VTEC O157:H7. Ear samples were included to evaluate whether they could be used to assess general VTEC O157:H7 contamination at slaughter. The respective prevalences of positive fecal and ear samples were 16 and 21% for older calves, 3.5 and 10% for young stock, and 1.6 and 12% for adult cattle. There were significant differences between the age groups for the fecal samples, but not for the ear samples. It could be that ear samples are less subject to age variations due to environmental factors, or perhaps this observation was due to fewer ear samples being collected in this study. Within the age groups, the prevalence of VTEC O157:H7–positive ear samples was significantly higher than that of fecal samples for young stock and adult cattle. Furthermore, the prevalence of positive ear samples fluctuated more widely throughout the year than that of positive fecal samples. The fecal prevalence data can be used as baseline data against which future intervention strategies can be evaluated, and the ear samples can be used as an indicator of environmental contamination. The results of the ear samples are too limited to determine if they can be used to detect hide contamination and risk of carcass contamination.

SOURCES OF SALMONELLAE CONTAMINATION OF MEAT FOLLOWING APPROVED LIVESTOCK SLAUGHTERING PROCEDURES. II

1973 ◽  
Vol 36 (12) ◽  
pp. 635-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. Childers ◽  
E. E. Keahey ◽  
P. G. Vincent
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Average Level ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Equipment Contamination ◽  
Beef Products ◽  
Plastic Bag ◽  
Carcass Contamination

Samples were taken from 218 animals of 3 species slaughtered at 3 plants to determine the spread of bacterial contamination during slaughter. Salmonellae and Escherichia coli were cultured from swabs taken of the equipment during slaughter, from various carcass sites, and from fecal samples. The study indicated that some equipment contamination occurred during slaughter and that carcass washing did not remove contaminants but simply washed them lower on the carcass. Rumen/cecum samples were most effective for isolation of salmonellae from the gastrointestinal tract. The average level of salmonellae contamination of the carcass for all species was 10% and of the processed product, 2%. There were no salmonellae isolated from cattle carcasses. Isolation of the bung (rectum) with a plastic bag did not reduce contamination but sterilization of the bung dropper's knife between carcasses reduced the incidence by an average of greater than 50%. Salmonellae were isolated from boneless mutton but not from raw or cooked pork and beef products. Isolations from the hide were closely related with carcass contamination. Enrichment and non-enrichment media isolations of salmonellae were closely related.

An Investigation of Escherichia coli O157 Contamination of Cattle during Slaughter at an Abattoir

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
NARELLE FEGAN ◽  
GLEN HIGGS ◽  
PAUL VANDERLINDE ◽  
PATRICIA DESMARCHELIER
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Immunomagnetic Separation ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Carcass Contamination

The extent of contamination with Escherichia coli O157 was determined for 100 cattle during slaughter. Samples from 25 consecutively slaughtered cattle from four unrelated groups were collected from the oral cavity, hide, rumen, feces after evisceration, and pre- and postchill carcass. Ten random fecal samples were collected from the pen where each group of animals was held at the abattoir. E. coli O157 was detected using automated immunomagnetic separation (AIMS), and cell counts were determined using a combination of most probable number (MPN) and AIMS. E. coli O157 was isolated from 87 (14%) of the 606 samples collected, including 24% of 99 oral cavity samples, 44% of 100 hides, 10% of 68 fecal samples collected postevisceration, 6% of 100 prechill carcass swabs, and 15% of 40 fecal samples collected from holding pens. E. coli O157 was not isolated from rumen or postchill carcass samples. E. coli O157 was isolated from at least one sample from each group of cattle tested, and the prevalence in different groups ranged from less than 1 to 41%. The numbers of E. coli O157 differed among the animals groups. The group which contained the highest fecal (7.5 × 105 MPN/g) and hide (22 MPN/cm2) counts in any individual animal was the only group in which E. coli O157 was isolated from carcasses, suggesting a link between the numbers of E. coli O157 present and the risk of carcass contamination. Processing practices at this abattoir were adequate for minimizing contamination of carcasses, even when animals were heavily contaminated with E. coli O157.

Associations between the Presence and Magnitude of Escherichia coli O157 in Feces at Harvest and Contamination of Preintervention Beef Carcasses†

2008 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 1761-1767 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. FOX ◽  
D. G. RENTER ◽  
M. W. SANDERSON ◽  
A. L. NUTSCH ◽  
X. SHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Immunomagnetic Separation ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Midwest United States ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Beef Carcasses ◽  
Carcass Contamination

To quantify associations at slaughter between Escherichia coli O157 carcass contamination, fecal-positive animals, and high-shedding animals within truckloads of finished cattle, we sampled up to 32 cattle from each of 50 truckloads arriving at a commercial abattoir in the Midwest United States during a 5-week summer period. Carcass swab samples collected preevisceration and fecal samples collected postevisceration were matched within animals and analyzed for the presence of E. coli O157, using enrichment, immunomagnetic separation, and plating on selective media (IMS). In addition, a direct plating procedure was performed on feces to identify high-shedding animals. E. coli O157 was isolated from 39 (2.6%) of 1,503 carcass samples in 15 (30%) truckloads, and 127 (8.5%) of 1,495 fecal samples in 37 (74%) truckloads. Fifty-five (3.7%) high-shedding animals were detected from 26 (52%) truckloads. Truckload high-shedder (Spearman rank-order correlation coefficient [rs] = 0.68), IMS-positive (rs = 0.48), and combined fecal (rs =0.61) prevalence were significantly correlated with carcass prevalence. The probability of isolating E. coli O157 from a carcass was not significantly associated with the high-shedder or fecal IMS status of the animal from which the carcass was derived. However, the probability of carcass contamination was significantly associated with all truckload-level measures of fecal E. coli O157, particularly whether or not a high shedder was present within the truckload (odds ratio = 16.2; 95% confidence interval, 6.3–43.6). Our results suggest that high shedders within a truckload at slaughter could be a target for mitigation strategies to reduce the probability of preevisceration carcass contamination.

Low Prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Horses in Ohio, USA

2010 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 2089-2092 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRANDY LENGACHER ◽  
TERENCE R. KLINE ◽  
LAURA HARPSTER ◽  
MICHELE L. WILLIAMS ◽  
JEFFREY T. LeJEUNE
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Positive Sample ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Adjacent Field ◽  
Low Prevalence

Manure from draft animals deposited in fields during vegetable and fruit production may serve as a potential source of preharvest pathogen contamination of foods. To better quantify this risk, we determined the prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in horses. Between June and September 2009, freshly voided fecal samples were collected from horses stabled on 242 separate premises in Ohio, USA. Overall, the prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 was 1 of 242 (0.4% prevalence, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.01 to 2.28). E. coli O157:H7 was recovered from none of the 107 equine fecal samples (0% prevalence, 95% CI = 0.00 to 3.39) that originated from locations without ruminant presence, and only 1 of the 135 horse fecal samples (0.7% prevalence, 95% CI = 0.02 to 4.06) from sites where ruminants were also present. The lone positive sample was collected from a horse that was costabled with a goat. Subsequent sampling at that location identified indistinguishable subtypes of E. coli O157:H7 present in the cohoused goat, in the environment, insects, sheep, and other goats housed in an adjacent field. E. coli O157:H7 was not isolated from the five subsequent samples from this horse. These data indicate that E. coli O157:H7 carriage by horses is an uncommon event.

Fecal Shedding of Escherichia coli O157, Salmonella, and Campylobacter in Swiss Cattle at Slaughter

2004 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 679-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. AL-SAIGH ◽  
C. ZWEIFEL ◽  
J. BLANCO ◽  
J. E. BLANCO ◽  
M. BLANCO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Fecal Shedding ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Healthy Cattle ◽  
Carcass Contamination

Fecal samples from 2,930 slaughtered healthy cattle were examined with the following goals: (i) to monitor the shedding of Escherichia coli O157, Salmonella, and Campylobacter in cattle; and (ii) to further characterize the isolated strains. The percentage of the 2,930 samples that tested positive for E. coli O157 by PCR was 1.6%. Thirty-eight strains from different animals that agglutinated with Wellcolex E. coli O157 were isolated. Of the six sorbitol-negative strains, five tested positive for stx2 genes (two times for stx2c and three times for stx2), and one strain tested positive for stx1 and stx2c genes. All sorbitol-negative strains belonged to the serotypes O157:H− and O157:H7 and harbored the eae type γ1 and ehxA genes. The 32 sorbitol-positive strains tested negative for stx genes and belonged to the serotypes O157:H2, O157:H7, O157:H8, O157: H12, O157:H19, O157:H25, O157:H27, O157:H38, O157:H43, O157:H45, and O157:H−. All O157:H45 strains harbored the eae subtype α1 and therefore seem to be atypical enteropathogenic E. coli strains. Whereas none of 1,000 examined samples was positive for Salmonella, 95 of 935 (10.2%) samples were positive for Campylobacter, and all strains were identified as C. jejuni. Sixteen Campylobacter strains were resistant to tetracycline, five were resistant to nalidixic acid/ciprofloxacin, four were resistant to streptomycin, and one was resistant to nalidixic acid/ciprofloxacin and streptomycin. Fecal shedding of zoonotic pathogens in slaughter animals is strongly correlated with the hazard of carcass contamination. Therefore, the maintenance of slaughter hygiene is of crucial importance.

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Isolated from Feedlot Lambs†

2009 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 1713-1717 ◽  
Author(s):  
TOM S. EDRINGTON ◽  
MELISSA LONG ◽  
TIM T. ROSS ◽  
JACK D. THOMAS ◽  
TODD R. CALLAWAY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Feedlot Lambs ◽  
Plant Processing ◽  
Carcass Contamination

The present study examined the incidence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella in feedlot lambs. Fifty-six feedlot lambs from eight sheep farming operations were grouped in a single drylot pen, fed, and managed as is typical in the southwestern United States. Fecal samples were collected on days 0, 46, 87, and 122 of the feeding period via rectal palpation. Wool samples (ventral midline) were collected one time only at the feedlot, immediately prior to shipping to the processing plant, and carcass swabs were collected following slaughter. All samples were cultured for E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella, and fecal coliforms, and select isolates were examined for antimicrobial susceptibility. Overall, the percentages of fecal and wool samples positive for E. coli O157:H7 averaged 9 and 18%, respectively. One carcass swab was E. coli O157:H7 positive. Of the 155 fecal samples collected, 11 (7%) were Salmonella positive. Salmonella was detected in nearly 50% of the wool samples collected prior to slaughter, while none of the carcasses were Salmonella positive 24 h postslaughter. All isolates (E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella, and fecal coliforms) were susceptible to ceftiofur, enrofloxacin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. One E. coli O157:H7 isolate cultured from a carcass swab was resistant to seven antibiotics, and seven wool E. coli O157: H7 isolates were multidrug resistant. Results of this research demonstrate that feedlot sheep are naturally colonized with E. coli O157:H7 and Salmonella and wool can be a source of carcass contamination; however, in-plant processing procedures and intervention strategies were largely effective in preventing carcass contamination.

scholarly journals Genomic evolution of antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pimlapas Leekitcharoenphon ◽  
Markus Hans Kristofer Johansson ◽  
Patrick Munk ◽  
Burkhard Malorny ◽  
Magdalena Skarżyńska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Mobile Genetic Elements ◽  
Whole Genome ◽  
Sequencing Analysis ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Genetic Elements

AbstractThe emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the biggest health threats globally. In addition, the use of antimicrobial drugs in humans and livestock is considered an important driver of antimicrobial resistance. The commensal microbiota, and especially the intestinal microbiota, has been shown to have an important role in the emergence of AMR. Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) also play a central role in facilitating the acquisition and spread of AMR genes. We isolated Escherichia coli (n = 627) from fecal samples in respectively 25 poultry, 28 swine, and 15 veal calf herds from 6 European countries to investigate the phylogeny of E. coli at country, animal host and farm levels. Furthermore, we examine the evolution of AMR in E. coli genomes including an association with virulence genes, plasmids and MGEs. We compared the abundance metrics retrieved from metagenomic sequencing and whole genome sequenced of E. coli isolates from the same fecal samples and farms. The E. coli isolates in this study indicated no clonality or clustering based on country of origin and genetic markers; AMR, and MGEs. Nonetheless, mobile genetic elements play a role in the acquisition of AMR and virulence genes. Additionally, an abundance of AMR was agreeable between metagenomic and whole genome sequencing analysis for several AMR classes in poultry fecal samples suggesting that metagenomics could be used as an indicator for surveillance of AMR in E. coli isolates and vice versa.

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Salmonella and Campylobacter spp. Carcass Contamination in Turkeys Slaughtered in Quebec, Canada

2007 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 1350-1359 ◽  
Author(s):  
JULIE ARSENAULT ◽  
ANN LETELLIER ◽  
SYLVAIN QUESSY ◽  
JEAN-PIERRE MORIN ◽  
MARTINE BOULIANNE
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Low Wind Speed ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Estimate Prevalence ◽  
Carcass Contamination ◽  
Campylobacter Spp

An observational study was conducted to estimate prevalence and risk factors for carcass contamination by Salmonella and Campylobacter spp. in 60 lots of turkey slaughtered over 10 months in the province of Quebec, Canada. Carcass contamination was evaluated by the carcass rinse technique for about 30 birds per lot. Exposure to potential risk factors was evaluated with questionnaires, meteorological data, and cecal cultures. Multivariable binomial negative regression models were used for risk factor analysis. Prevalence of Salmonella-positive carcasses was 31.2% (95% confidence interval, 22.8 to 39.5%). Variables positively associated (P ≤ 0.05) with the proportion of lot-positive carcasses were ≥0.5% of carcass condemnation due to various pathologies, cecal samples positive for Salmonella, low wind speed during transportation, closure of lateral curtains of truck during transportation, and slaughtering on a weekday other than Monday. When only Salmonella-positive cecal culture lots were considered, the proportion of carcasses positive for Salmonella was significantly higher in lots exposed to a >5°C outside temperature variation during transportation, slaughtered on a weekday other than Monday, and in which ≥4% of carcasses had visible contamination. Prevalence of Campylobacter-positive carcasses was 36.9% (95% confidence interval, 27.6 to 46.3%). The proportion of positive carcasses was significantly higher in lots with Campylobacter-positive cecal cultures and lots undergoing ≥2 h of transit to slaughterhouse. For lots with Campylobacter-positive cecal cultures, variables significantly associated with an increased incidence of carcass contamination were ≥4% of carcasses with visible contamination, crating for ≥8 h before slaughtering, and no antimicrobials used during rearing.

scholarly journals Shiga Toxins, and the Genes Encoding Them, in Fecal Samples from Native Idaho Ungulates

2008 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 862-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy J. Gilbreath ◽  
Malcolm S. Shields ◽  
Rebekah L. Smith ◽  
Larry D. Farrell ◽  
Peter P. Sheridan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Shiga Toxin ◽  
Wild Ungulates ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Shiga Toxins ◽  
Toxin Genes ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Shiga Toxin Genes

ABSTRACT Cattle are a known reservoir of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli. The prevalence and stability of Shiga toxin and/or Shiga toxin genes among native wild ungulates in Idaho were investigated. The frequency of both Shiga genes and toxin was similar to that reported for Idaho cattle (∼19%).

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