Electrophysiological and Behavioral Activity of (E)-2-Hexenal in the Granary Weevil and Its Application in Food Packaging

2012 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 366-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. GERMINARA ◽  
A. CONTE ◽  
A. DE CRISTOFARO ◽  
L. LECCE ◽  
A. DI PALMA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Packaging ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Behavioral Activity ◽  
Granary Weevil ◽  
Cereal Products ◽  
Food Packages ◽  
Active Coating ◽  
Internal Side ◽  
Wheat Kernels ◽  
Control Insect

The purpose of this work was to develop a biodegradable carrier material to control insect pests in cereal products. To this aim, (E)-2-hexenal was used, being a natural compound with antimicrobial activity that is also commonly adopted as a flavoring agent. Three coating layers of polycaprolactone (PCL) were spread onto the internal side of a paperboard carton, the first being the active coating containing (E)-2-hexenal. The antennal sensitivity of Sitophilus granarius to a broad range of doses of (E)-2-hexenal was first demonstrated. Next, the ability of different concentrations of this compound to disrupt the orientation of adult S. granarius beetles to odors of intact wheat kernels was established in a two-choice pitfall bioassay. In addition, invasion tests were carried out over an 8-week period to highlight the effects of the biobased repellent packaging and their potential persistence. The results demonstrated that during the entire monitoring period, the percentage of S. granarius adults found in cartons coated with (E)-2-hexenal–loaded multilayer PCL was about 10% of the total number of insects used in the bioassay, very low compared with the respective control samples, thus assessing both the effectiveness and persistence of the repellent system developed. Although the infestation level of treated packages was reduced relative to the infestation levels in the controls, any infestation of food packages is unacceptable to consumers, so further tests are required to determine whether infestation can be completely prevented using (E)-2-hexenal.

Selection of Populations of the Granary Weevil Sitophilus granarius L. more Resistant to Methyl Bromide Fumigation

1956 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. U. Monro ◽  
E. Upitis
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Bromide ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Halogenated Hydrocarbons ◽  
Ethylene Dichloride ◽  
Sitophilus Granarius ◽  
Granary Weevil ◽  
Ethylene Dibromide ◽  
The World ◽  
Control Insect ◽  
Selection Of

Today methyl bromide is being used throughout the world to control insect pests. Intrinsically it is not among the most toxic of insect fumigants, but it has a combination of properties which gives it an unique position among gaseous insecticides. Of particular importance are its powers of penetration and its non-inflammability under normal fumigating conditions. Methyl bromide is important also as the leading fumigant in a group, the halogenated hydrocarbons, which includes other widely used fumigants such as ethylene dibromide, ethylene dichloride, and ethylene chlorobromide.

Use of Image Analysis for Non-Destructive Testing of Thermoformed Food Packages

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 596-607
Author(s):  
O. Ekşi
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Thickness Distribution ◽  
Non Destructive Testing ◽  
Destructive Testing ◽  
Food Packages ◽  
Food Package ◽  
Thickness Measurements ◽  
First Time ◽  
Non Destructive

Abstract The aim of this study is to determine the thickness distribution of a food package using a non-destructive method. Initially, thickness measurements were carried out using an experimental procedure for thermoformed samples that were used for food packaging. Additionally, in this study, image analysis was used for the first time to determine the thickness distribution of the thermoformed products non-destructively. Image analysis software was employed for the estimation of thickness distribution. Measured thickness results were compared to those estimated using image analysis. Based on the results of the current study, image analysis may be an alternative method for non-destructive testing of thermoformed food packages even in a mass production line. Image analysis can be used to determine not only thickness distribution but also the weakest regions in a food package.

The Increasing Need to Control Insect Pests of Oilseed Rape in England

Bee World ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 163-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Free ◽  
A. W. Ferguson ◽  
Susan Winfield
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Control Insect

scholarly journals STUDY ON FIBER FURNISHES AND FIBER MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF COMMONLY USED INDIAN FOOD PACKAGING PAPERS AND PAPERBOARDS

2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 125-131
Author(s):  
SWATI SOOD ◽  
CHHAYA SHARMA
Keyword(s):  
Fiber Length ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Food Packages ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fiber Components ◽  
Indian Food ◽  
Dry Fruit

Maintaining the quality of their final paper-based food packaging products at a high and constant level is a key issue for food packaging manufacturers to meet the customer demands. In the present study, in order to analyze the present status of quality of paper-based food packages in India, the fiber furnishes of different common paper- and paperboard-based food packages were studied by the Graff “C” staining test and their fiber morphological properties – by MorFi analysis. The staining test results showed that all the samples contained fiber furnish made either by the chemical or by the mechanical pulping process. Tea bags, dry fruit boxes and egg trays were made of 4 different fiber components, while sugar sachets and juice boxes contained 3 fiber components. It was also observed that all the samples contained hardwood and softwood chemical fibers. MorFi analysis determined the morphological properties of the fibers, including the mean fiber length and width, coarseness, kink angle, kinked fibers %, curl % and fines elements % in total analyzed fibers. The results thus obtained confirmed that both these techniques are very reliable and feasible tools to study the quality of paper-based food packages.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Insects in Traditionally Stored Rice at Farmhouses in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
pp. 34-44
Keyword(s):  
Storage Time ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Sitophilus Oryzae ◽  
Small Farmers ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Rice Moth ◽  
Plastic Bag ◽  
Meal Worm ◽  
Storage Structures ◽  
Control Insect

A survey was conducted to investigate rice storage practices at the farmer’s level and the prevalence of insects’ status through a pretested questionnaire in Mymensingh and Jashore districts, Bangladesh. For seed purposes, large, medium, and small farmers store about 40, 10, and 5 kg, respectively in the Aman season for 7 months whereas in the Boro season large and medium farmers keep about 80 and 20 kg for 5 months. Average storage time was the highest (7 months) for Boro and Aman rice by large and small farmers, respectively for consumption. Eleven storage items namely, Dole, Motka, Tin, Plastic Drum, Gunny Bag, Bamboo Gola, Dhari, Bamboo Auri, Berh, Steel Drum, and Plastic Bag were found. About 57 and 74% of farmers stored rice, among them 47 and 58% used traditional Dole in Jashore and Mymensingh, respectively. Tin and Berh (1%) were the least used storage structures. About 11 and 17%; 3 and 4% of farmers used neem leaf and chemicals especially phostoxin in storage as an insect repellent in these areas, respectively. The use of Plastic Bags increased sharply due to lightweight, availability, and low price, whereas Bamboo Gola, Berh, Motka users decreased remarkably. Relative abundance of the insect species was: Rice Moth Sitotroga cerealla, Rice Weevil Sitophilus oryzae, Red Flour Beetle Tribolium castoreum, and Lesser Meal Worm Alphitobious diaperinus. Maximum insect infestation was found in stored paddy in Dole followed by Motka, and Plastic Bag; and the least amount was observed in Plastic Drum in both regions. Three fourth of the respondents took no measures to control insect pests in stored rice.

Organochlorine and Organophosphorus Residues in Fat of Bovine and Porcine Carcasses Marketed in Ontario, Canada from 1969 to 1981

1983 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 893-900 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. FRANK ◽  
H. E. BRAUN ◽  
G. FLEMING
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Industrial Chemicals ◽  
Organophosphorus Insecticides ◽  
Organochlorine Insecticides ◽  
Maximum Residue Levels ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Residue Levels ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Control Insect

Between 1969 and 1981, 2482 bovine and 554 porcine carcasses were sampled at provincially inspected abattoirs across Ontario. Abdominal fats were composited into 505 bovine and 122 porcine samples for analyses of organochlorine insecticides and industrial chemicals. Mean ∑DDT residues decreased from 257 μg/kg in 1969–70 to 12 μg/kg in 1981 for bovine fats and from 356 μg/kg in 1971–72 to 5 μg/kg in 1981 for porcine fats. Similar decreases in residue levels were observed for PCB. Dieldrin, with lower initial residues (i.e. 33 μg/kg in bovine fat and 12 μg/kg in porcine), decreased an order of magnitude over this same period. All decreases fitted first order logarithmic regression equations. Chloradane and heptachlor epoxide were rarely observed in bovine or porcine fat; however, the incidence in bovine fat increased after 1973 following the removal of aldrin, dieldrin and heptachlor in 1969 for soil insect control and the subsequent increased use of chlordane. Chlordane appeared at low levels (1–2 μg/kg) in bovine fat during the mid 1970s and remained detectable through 1981. Lindane residues in both bovine and porcine fat fluctuated from year to year and appeared to vary with the need to control insect pests. While present (2 to 39 μg/kg) in the early 1970s, lindane residues disappeared by mid 1970 but reappeared in fatty tissues in 1981 (3–13 μg/kg). A limited number of samples were analyzed for organophosphorus insecticides between 1973 and 1980 and residues were occasionally found. In 1981, the analyses became routine and 3.6% of bovine samples were found to contain detectable residues of fenthion; only 2 of 197 bovine samples exceeded the maximum residue levels permitted under the Food and Drug Act.

scholarly journals Considerations for Insect Learning in Integrated Pest Management

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine M Little ◽  
Thomas W Chapman ◽  
N Kirk Hillier
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Insect Learning ◽  
Local Ecosystem ◽  
Chemical Pesticides ◽  
Control Insect

AbstractThe past 100 yr have seen dramatic philosophical shifts in our approach to controlling or managing pest species. The introduction of integrated pest management in the 1970s resulted in the incorporation of biological and behavioral approaches to preserve ecosystems and reduce reliance on synthetic chemical pesticides. Increased understanding of the local ecosystem, including its structure and the biology of its species, can improve efficacy of integrated pest management strategies. Pest management strategies incorporating insect learning paradigms to control insect pests or to use insects to control other pests can mediate risk to nontarget insects, including pollinators. Although our understanding of insect learning is in its early stages, efforts to integrate insect learning into pest management strategies have been promising. Due to considerable differences in cognitive abilities among insect species, a case-by-case assessment is needed for each potential application of insect learning within a pest management strategy.

scholarly journals Insights into the Toxicity and Degradation Mechanisms of Imidacloprid Via Physicochemical and Microbial Approaches

Toxics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Shimei Pang ◽  
Ziqiu Lin ◽  
Yuming Zhang ◽  
Wenping Zhang ◽  
Nasser Alansary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Emerging Contaminant ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Degradation Mechanisms ◽  
The World ◽  
Neonicotinoid Insecticide ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Control Insect

Imidacloprid is a neonicotinoid insecticide that has been widely used to control insect pests in agricultural fields for decades. It shows insecticidal activity mainly by blocking the normal conduction of the central nervous system in insects. However, in recent years, imidacloprid has been reported to be an emerging contaminant in all parts of the world, and has different toxic effects on a variety of non-target organisms, including human beings, due to its large-scale use. Hence, the removal of imidacloprid from the ecosystem has received widespread attention. Different remediation approaches have been studied to eliminate imidacloprid residues from the environment, such as oxidation, hydrolysis, adsorption, ultrasound, illumination, and biodegradation. In nature, microbial degradation is one of the most important processes controlling the fate of and transformation from imidacloprid use, and from an environmental point of view, it is the most promising means, as it is the most effective, least hazardous, and most environmentally friendly. To date, several imidacloprid-degrading microbes, including Bacillus, Pseudoxanthomonas, Mycobacterium, Rhizobium, Rhodococcus, and Stenotrophomonas, have been characterized for biodegradation. In addition, previous studies have found that many insects and microorganisms have developed resistance genes to and degradation enzymes of imidacloprid. Furthermore, the metabolites and degradation pathways of imidacloprid have been reported. However, reviews of the toxicity and degradation mechanisms of imidacloprid are rare. In this review, the toxicity and degradation mechanisms of imidacloprid are summarized in order to provide a theoretical and practical basis for the remediation of imidacloprid-contaminated environments.

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