Prevalence of Some Human Enteroparasites in Commonly Consumed Raw Vegetables in Tabuk, Saudi Arabia

2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 655-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
REFAAT M. GABRE ◽  
ABDELAZIM SHAKIR
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Food Preparation ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Retail Markets ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Helminth Eggs ◽  
Fresh Vegetables ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Eggs And Larvae

ABSTRACT The problem of parasitic contamination of food, especially fresh vegetables, is not limited to personal hygiene during food preparation but is also widely dependent on the source of the food and the handling it undergoes before it gets to the consumer. The objective of the present study was to evaluate parasitic contamination in eight common raw vegetables in Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A total of 400 samples of raw vegetables obtained from wholesale and retail markets were examined for helminth eggs and larvae and for cysts of different parasites, using standard methods. The prevalence of the parasites was 20.65% in cucumber, 15.76% in cabbage, 14.67% in pea, 14.13% in cress, 13.04% in lettuce, 10.33% in carrot, 8.70% in green onion, and 2.72% in tomato. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference (P < 0.05) for Entamoeba spp. cysts, Ascaris lumbricoides eggs, Entamoeba coli cysts, and unknown isolated parasite cysts. Parasites are common in vegetables that are frequently eaten raw and, for this reason, may pose a health risk for consumers in Tabuk.

scholarly journals Detection of Clostridium difficile Infection in Al-Quwayiyah General Hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
pp. 94-102
Author(s):  
Enas Sh. Khater ◽  
Abd Alazim A. Al- Faki
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Proton Pump ◽  
Peptic Ulcers ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Statistical Significant Difference ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Stool Samples

Clostridium difficile infections (CDIs) is considered healthcare-associated infections which cause watery diarrhea to long stayed hospitalized patients and cause increased mortality rate. Aim: Detection of the prevalence and risk factors of C. difficile in Al Quwayiyah General hospital, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and compairing between GeneXpert® PCR assay and Quikchek complete-enzyme imunoassay QCC, (QCC-EIA) in detection of C. difficile infection and toxicity Materials and Methods: A cross sectional and prospective study was performed for one year started from June 2019 to June 2020. The data collected include demographic, laboratory and clinical data. A total of 104 stool samples were collected from patients presented with diarrhea. GeneXpert® PCR assay and Quikchek complete-enzyme imunoassay QCC (QCC-EIA) were conducted to each stool sample. Results: Only 15(14.4%) of the 104 studied patients had CDI while 89 (85.6%) were non CDI patients, 13 (86.7%) of the CDI patients were males and 2 (13.3%) were females with mean age for CDI cases 61 (±19.9), while non CDI cases involved 55(61.8%) were males and 34 (38.2%) were females with mean age for cases of non CDI, 60 (±18.7) years. Of the CDI and non CDI cases respectively 12 (80%) and 14(15.7%) had fever, 5 (27%) and 6 (6.7%) had vomitting and 7 (46.7%) and 12 (13.5%) of cases had abdominal pain. There was statistical significant difference between patients with fever while no statistical significant difference regarding vomitting and abdominal pain. There was statistical significant difference between patients with peptic ulcers, patients received proton pump inhibitors and patients received broad-spectrum antibiotics, while There was no statistical significant difference between cardiac disease, cerebrovascular disease, diabetes, pulmonary disease, hepatic disease and Renal disease. Gene expert PCR detected 15/104(14.4%) as positive CDI while QCC-EIA detected 21/104 (20.5%) as positive CDI. On comparison between gene expert PCR technique and QCC-EIA the sensitivity of QCC-EIA was 100%, while the specificity was 91%. The Positive Predictive Value was 74%, while the Negative Predictive Value was 100%. Conclusion: The C. difficile infection prevalence rate in the hospital was 14.4%. There was statistical significant difference between patients with peptic ulcers, patients received proton pump inhibitors and patients received broad-spectrum antibiotics. The QCC-EIA can be used as a screening test for the detection of C. difficile toxin in stool samples but should be confirmed with a PCR assay or another confirmatory test Due to its decreased specificity.

scholarly journals Evaluating Course Syllabus: Basis for Reframing into a Learner-Centered Syllabus for Outcome-Based Nursing Education

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 222
Author(s):  
Hamdan Albaqawi ◽  
Farhan Alshammari ◽  
Eddieson Pasay-an ◽  
Mansour Alyami ◽  
Sandro Villareal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Nursing Education ◽  
Classroom Environment ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Learning Goals ◽  
Learning Assessment ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Learner Centered ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Course Syllabus

The shift from customary content-based pedagogical to learnercentered practice is imperative in the 21st century. This research aims to evaluate the course syllabus developed by the faculty members and if the syllabus meets the criteria for the learner-centered syllabus. The study employed a quantitative –comparative design to properly represent the phenomenon. The study was conducted at the selected universities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Overall, the respondents of the study consist of 100 faculty members and the 50 students from the participating universities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The researchers adapted the learning-focused syllabus instrument to gather the data. Results show that the faculty members rated the learning goals and objectives to moderate (1.58), while students rated it low (1.42). Likewise, the learning assessment revealed a moderate result (1.76) for faculty members and low (1.38) for the students; the learning activities have moderate (1.69) result for the faculty and low (1.36) for the students. As regards scheduling, faculty members and students reported moderate results having a 2.06 and 2.09 respectively. The classroom environment revealed moderate results both the faculty members (1.62) and the students (1.52). Statistically, there is no significant difference on the category of syllabi when faculty respondents were grouped according to years of teaching (0.699.05). The findings show that the course syllabus evaluated is in a transitional phase towards learner-centered. As such, the progress of the syllabus is potential to meet the criteria for an outcomebased nursing education. However, the varying results as reported suggest reconciliation of the views of the faculty members and the students.

scholarly journals The Effect of Pre-Quarantine Physical Activity on Anxiety and Depressive Symptoms during the COVID-19 Lockdown in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 7771
Author(s):  
Abdulazeem S. Alotaibi ◽  
Boukhemis Boukelia
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Significant Difference

The outbreak of COVID-19 and the changes to normal societal function and in particular quarantine has increased mental distress in many nations. A survey of 22,112 COVID-19-negative quarantined participants in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (age: 18–40 years, 42.6%; 40–60 years, 53.3%; over 60 years, 4.1%; mass, 78.9 ± 14.8 kg; stature, 167 ± 8.7 cm) were assessed for depressive symptoms using the online Beck Depression Inventory self-report questionnaire. The relationship between pre-quarantine physical activity and mental health and wellbeing during lockdown has been investigated. A significant difference in body mass index (BMI) between active and inactive participants (p = 0.03) was observed; with females also recording a 3% higher BMI than males. All participants showed a decrease in mental health compared to pre-quarantine. However, pre-quarantine inactivity was found to result in a greater negative impact on mental health and well-being than those active pre-quarantine (p < 0.01). The sedentary population had a 4-fold greater incidence of mild-depression than the active population. This suggests that activity level plays an important role in shielding people from anxiety and stress, whilst it builds mental strength in individuals that can be called upon in trying and difficult situations. Nevertheless, pre-quarantine activity levels did not lead to any significant change in levels of extreme depression in the sample population.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from the Isolated Wound Culture in the Northwest Region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Al Balawi ◽  
Palanisamy Amirthalingam ◽  
Abdullah Abdul Khalig Alyoussef ◽  
Osama Salih Mohammed ◽  
Hyder Oman Mirghani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Fusidic Acid ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Surgical Department ◽  
Significant Difference

The present study aimed to investigate the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Methicillin-resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (MRSA) in isolated wound cultures of the patients admitted in King Khalid Hospital, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A retrospective cohort study of 54 patients admitted with wound infections in the surgical department. Ethics committee approval was granted by the University of Tabuk and King Khalid Hospital, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Fifty-four adult patients (&gt;18 years old) diagnosed with moderate to severe skin and soft tissue infections were included in the study. 26 patients with isolated cultures of MRSA were compared with 28 patients with Methicillin-sensitive <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (MSSA) isolated cultures using Graph pad prism 4.0 version statistical databases. Overall, there was no significant difference in sensitivity (P = 0.2445) and resistance (P = 0.4215) between MRSA and MSSA cultures. However, it is interesting findings that Oxacillin and Fusidic acid had higher resistance in MRSA isolated cultures compared MSSA culture, on the other hand, Linezolid, Tigecycline and Nitrofurantoin shows 100% sensitivity in both MRSA and MSSA isolates. No significant difference between male and female regarding the sensitivity (P = 0.0638) and resistance (P = 0.3638). The current study emphasizes that Tigecycline, Nitrofurantoin and Fusidic acid were the best drugs in both MRSA and MSSA isolates. While, oxacillin showed 100% resistance to MRSA; but retain its efficacy on MSSA isolates.

scholarly journals Prevalence of disordered eating attitudes among adolescent girls in Arar City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Waseem Fatima ◽  
Leena M. Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Disordered Eating ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Eating Attitudes ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Eat 26 ◽  
Disordered Eating Attitudes

Eating disorders (ED) are one of the most common psychiatric problems faced by todays adolescent girls where the attitude towards weight and shape as well as their perception of body shape are disturbed. The aim of the paper is to assess the prevalence and associated factors of disordered eating attitudes among adolescent girls of Arar city, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This is a cross-sectional survey design in which 314 adolescents females (age: 15-19 years) were selected from four schools of Arar city, KSA. Subjects were asked to fill pre-tested questionnaire about socioeconomic status, eating habits and Eating attitude test 26 (EAT 26), there height and weight were measured and BMI was calculated. Disturbed eating behaviors (EAT-26>20) was found in 25.47% participants. The prevalence of disordered eating was more in overweight and obese than normal weight. Vegetarian girls had higher EAT 26 score than non - vegetarian and significant difference was found in total EAT 26 score and subgroup namely oral control and dieting score (P<0.01) but non-significant difference was found between Saudi and non-Saudi adolescent girls in different BMI ranges. Eating disorders prevalent in adolescent girls and were strongly associated with weight status and eating habits. Future prospective and experimental studies are warranted to advance our understanding of the risk factors to enable better preventive program planning.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from the Isolated Wound Culture in the Northwest Region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Al Balawi ◽  
Palanisamy Amirthalingam ◽  
Abdullah Abdul Khalig Alyoussef ◽  
Osama Salih Mohammed ◽  
Hyder Oman Mirghani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Fusidic Acid ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Surgical Department ◽  
Significant Difference

The present study aimed to investigate the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Methicillin-resistant <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (MRSA) in isolated wound cultures of the patients admitted in King Khalid Hospital, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A retrospective cohort study of 54 patients admitted with wound infections in the surgical department. Ethics committee approval was granted by the University of Tabuk and King Khalid Hospital, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Fifty-four adult patients (&gt;18 years old) diagnosed with moderate to severe skin and soft tissue infections were included in the study. 26 patients with isolated cultures of MRSA were compared with 28 patients with Methicillin-sensitive <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (MSSA) isolated cultures using Graph pad prism 4.0 version statistical databases. Overall, there was no significant difference in sensitivity (P = 0.2445) and resistance (P = 0.4215) between MRSA and MSSA cultures. However, it is interesting findings that Oxacillin and Fusidic acid had higher resistance in MRSA isolated cultures compared MSSA culture, on the other hand, Linezolid, Tigecycline and Nitrofurantoin shows 100% sensitivity in both MRSA and MSSA isolates. No significant difference between male and female regarding the sensitivity (P = 0.0638) and resistance (P = 0.3638). The current study emphasizes that Tigecycline, Nitrofurantoin and Fusidic acid were the best drugs in both MRSA and MSSA isolates. While, oxacillin showed 100% resistance to MRSA; but retain its efficacy on MSSA isolates.

scholarly journals Numerical Concepts between the Reality of Elementary Students' Understanding and their Teachers' Beliefs towards this Understanding in Saudi Arabia

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 319
Author(s):  
Ibrahim R. Osman ◽  
Misfer S. El Souloli ◽  
Khaled H. Kashan
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Elementary School Students ◽  
Sixth Grade ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Multiple Choice Questions ◽  
School Students ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Teachers Beliefs

The aim of the study was to identify the understanding of elementary school students of numerical concepts, and the beliefs of their teachers about this understanding. To achieve this goal, the content of the mathematics sixth grade textbook was analyzed to identify the numerical concepts. Then, a conceptual diagnostic test consisting of 24 multiple-choice questions to measure the understanding of numerical concepts was designed. Another questionnaire was built to measure the teachers' beliefs about their students understanding of these concepts. The teachers' questionnaire included 24 concepts as well. The sample size was 1411 male and female students; and the sample size of teachers was 528 mathematics teachers. Both were drawn randomly from three cities in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The test of students showed that about 4.2% of the numerical concepts were highly understandable, whereas the questionnaire showed that teachers believed their students understood 17% of the concepts. Furthermore, students moderately understood about 37.5% of the concepts, while the questionnaire showed that teachers believed their students moderately undersood about 83% of the concepts. Moreover, the test showed that about 58.3% of the concepts were poorly understood, whereas the questionnaire showed that there were no concepts that would be poorly understood. The study found that there were statistically significant differences due to gender, credential, and experience; however, there was no statistically significant difference attributed to training on teachers' beliefs about students' understanding of mathematics.  

scholarly journals Leadership styles of the Nursing Directors at the Ministry of Health, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Farhan Alshammari
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Leadership Styles ◽  
Transactional Leadership ◽  
Leadership Style ◽  
Organizational Outcomes ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Laissez Faire ◽  
Nursing Directors

Background: The need to define the leadership styles of the nursing directors is imperative as it gives the organization an insight of what to achieve. This study determines the leadership styles of the nursing directors in the Ministry of Health, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This research aims to assess the association of the age, gender and year of employment of the nursing directors to their identified leadership styles. Methods: This research employed the correlational approach in probing the leadership styles of the nursing directors in the Ministry of Health, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. There were 22 nursing directors (100 % response rate) participated in the study. The researcher used the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire, Form 6-S (MLQ- 6S) by Bass and Avolio. Results: The data suggests that nursing directors employed transactional leadership style in leading their subordinates. It is found out that age has a significant difference in the transactional leadership styles (.037>.05). However, gender and year of employment revealed no significant difference to transformational leadership (.792), transactional leadership (.857), and the laissez-faire (.346). Conclusion: Demystifying the leadership styles of the nursing directors and its variables can contribute to the understanding of the leadership needs to carry out towards organizational outcomes. The study implies a clear demarcation between an expectation of the leaders and the employees of how leadership and work shall be carried out in the organization. Keywords: Laissez-Faire, Leadership Styles, Transformational, Transactional, Nursing Directors

scholarly journals Viewing Mathematics Teachers’ Professional Identity in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia through the Lens of Social Theory of Learning and Gender Schema Theory

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 4307-4318
Author(s):  
Alghamdi Hamad Abdullah J. Et al.
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Professional Identity ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Mathematics Teachers ◽  
Schema Theory ◽  
Gender Schema ◽  
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gender Schema Theory ◽  
And Gender

The purpose of the study is to explore the profile of the professional identity of Mathematics teachers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia under the influence of Social Theory of Learning and Gender Schema Theory. The descriptive approach is used in this study. The sample size of this study is 600 secondary Mathematics teachers. This study used an adapted version of the questionnaire designed by Albaqi'i (2014) to profile the Mathematics Teachers' Professional Identity (TPI) of the participants. The findings of the study showed that there is no significant difference of Mathematics TPI in gender wise, but there is significant differences of Mathematics TPI based on teaching experiences and qualifications among the Mathematics teachers in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.The finding of the profile analysis gives some implications to understand how TPI is evolved among Mathematics teachers in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia through the influences of teaching experience and professional development, which represent by their qualifications. The findings also informed that male and female Mathematics teachers did not perceive their professional identity differently, which suggest that Saudi Arabia culture permit equal participation in building their professional identity

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