Prevalence and Diversity of the Thermotolerant Bacterium Bacillus cytotoxicus among Dried Food Products

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 (7) ◽  
pp. 1210-1216 ◽  
Author(s):  
KLÈMA MARCEL KONÉ ◽  
ZOÉNABO DOUAMBA ◽  
MAËLLE de HALLEUX ◽  
FLABOU BOUGOUDOGO ◽  
JACQUES MAHILLON
Keyword(s):  
Food Products ◽  
Bacillus Cereus Group ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Bacterium Bacillus ◽  
Potato Flakes ◽  
Thermotolerant Bacterium ◽  
Foodborne Infection ◽  
Genetic Profiles ◽  
Reference Strains ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphism Dna

ABSTRACT Bacillus cytotoxicus, a member of the Bacillus cereus group, is a thermotolerant species originally reported from a lethal foodborne infection in France in 1998. The strain NVH391-98, isolated from this outbreak, produces cytotoxin K1, a potential cytotoxic enterotoxin. However, the habitat and diversity of B. cytotoxicus isolates so far have been poorly explored. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of this bacterium in different food products (mainly dried) and to estimate its diversity. Among the 210 samples analyzed, all potato flakes contained the bacterium at low concentrations (≤102 CFU/g). However, prepared and kept at room temperature for 2 days, the puree contained ca. 105 CFU/g B. cytotoxicus. Besides potato flakes, some samples of millet flour, salted potato chips, and soups also contained B. cytotoxicus. From these samples, 55 thermotolerant B. cytotoxicus isolates were obtained. When classified into six distinct random amplified polymorphism DNA patterns, they showed the existence of 11 distinct plasmid profiles. Although most isolates (including the reference strains NVH391-98 and NVH883-00) contained no detectable plasmid, some displayed one to three plasmids with sizes from ca. 8 to 90 kb. It also emerged from this study that a single food sample could contain B. cytotoxicus isolates with different genetic profiles. HIGHLIGHTS

GC-MS, HPLC, TLC of Dorycnium herbaceum Tincture Species and Synergistic / Antagonist Effect Testing in Combination with Antibiotics

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Maria Varut ◽  
Luciana Teodora Rotaru
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Carboxylic Acids ◽  
Therapeutic Effect ◽  
Antagonistic Effect ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Reference Strains ◽  
Antagonist Effect

The study objectives were to determine the chemical composition and the synergistic / antagonistic effect of the association between hydroalcoholic extract from the Dorycnii pentaphylli herba (DPH) and the antibiotics of choice, on five reference strains. The tincture contains flavonoids and polyphenol carboxylic acids in low concentrations. DPH has an antagonistic effect on three of the drugs tested (amoxicillin + clavulanic acid, levofloxacin, amikacin), the therapeutic effect being completely canceled and has no significant effect on two of them (ceftazidime, cefotaxime).

Comparison of Infra-Dry and AOAC Methods for Moisture in Food Products

1984 ◽  
Vol 47 (8) ◽  
pp. 611-614
Author(s):  
B. A. MINOR ◽  
K. A. SIMS ◽  
R. BASSETTE ◽  
D. Y. C. FUNG
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Good Precision ◽  
Average Percentage ◽  
Fresh Milk ◽  
Cooling Chamber ◽  
Precision And Accuracy ◽  
Potato Flakes ◽  
The Times

The Infra-Dry (IR) method was accurate, precise and faster than conventional (AOAC) procedures for moisture determinations in ten selected food products. The average percentage moisture by the IR method for 10 common food products and those by AOAC in parentheses are as follows: oatmeal 9.88 (9.87), cornmeal 10.86 (10.91), wheat flour 10.80 (10.80), grape nuts 4.73 (4.78), rice 12.39 (12.41), potato flakes 8.40 (8.36), bread crumbs 9.93 (9.99), noodles 9.58 (9.54), NFD milk 4.23 (4.24), and fresh milk 88.60 (88.71). The temperatures used for the IR method (135 to 155°C) were higher than those for the AOAC procedures (130°C for all products except NFD and fresh milk [100°C]); however, the times were considerably less (10 to 30 min) than for AOAC procedures (1 to 5 h). Standard deviations were generally <0.06%, except for cornmeal and noodles which were approximately 0.1%. Precisions were generally >97%. Upon removing the samples from the IR oven, results of good precision and accuracy were obtained by cooling the samples in a desiccator for 5 min or the built-in IR cooling chamber for 45 s. The recommended IR method uses a cooling chamber, is faster, and does not require a desiccator. Slightly lower precision and accuracy resulted when the entire IR oven was used. The best results were obtained using the back third of the oven. However, the slight difference in precision and accuracy is of little practical significance.

scholarly journals THE USE OF AGENTS BASED ON THE BACTERIUM BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS VAR. ISRAELENSIS FOR MOSQUITO CONTROL

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (8) ◽  
pp. 893-896
Author(s):  
Svetlana A. Roslavtseva
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Mosquito Species ◽  
Bacillus Sphaericus ◽  
Development Of Resistance ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Bacterium Bacillus

Mosquito control is necessary to improve the epidemic and, consequently, the sanitary and hygienic situation in human settlements. At the same time, the safest and more environmentally friendly way of controlling is not the fight against adult mosquitoes, but the treatment of reservoirs with microbiological larvicides based on entomopathogenic, aerobic, spore-forming, saprophytic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis (de Barjac) (Bti). A new serotype of the bacterium B. thuringiensis was found in Israel in the Negev desert. This serotype being more active against larvae of blood-sucking and non-blood-sucking mosquitoes and midges than previously known serotypes, was named israelensis. Bti endotoxin is a typical insecticide with intestinal type of action for different mosquito species. For example, Bti H14 is highly insecticidal to the larvae of Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus at very low concentrations. The parasporal body (endotoxin crystal), a crystalline protein consisted of four main polypeptides and two minor polypeptides, possesses of a larvicidal action. Larvicidal activity is associated with a synergistic effect in a combination of four polypeptides. The possibility of development of resistance to products based on Bti and Bacillus sphaericus in populations of mosquitoes (Culicidae) was investigated. The use of domestic microbiological formulations based on Bti («Baktitsid», «Larviol-pasta», and «Antinat») was shown an eradication the larvae of bloodsucking mosquitoes and midges to be possible and rational, since they are not generated resistant populations of mosquitoes. This is confirmed by more than 30 years of the use of such formulations.

scholarly journals Epidemic waves of cholera in the last two decades in Mozambique

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (06) ◽  
pp. 635-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Paulo Langa ◽  
Cynthia Sema ◽  
Nilsa De Deus ◽  
Mauro Maria Colombo ◽  
Elisa Taviani
Keyword(s):  
Causative Agent ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
African Countries ◽  
The Past ◽  
Pandemic Strains ◽  
Genetic Profiles ◽  
Reference Strains

Introduction: Africa is increasingly affected by cholera. In Mozambique, cholera appeared in the early 1970s when the seventh pandemic entered Africa from the Indian subcontinent. In the following decades, several epidemics were registered in the country, the 1997–1999 epidemic being the most extended. Since then, Mozambique has been considered an endemic area for cholera, characterized by yearly outbreaks occurring with a seasonal pattern.. At least three pandemic variants are thought to have originated in the Indian subcontinent and spread worldwide at different times. To understand the epidemiology of cholera in Mozambique, whether the disease re-emerges periodically or is imported by different routes of transmission, we investigated clinical V. cholerae O1 isolated during 1997–1999 and 2012–2014 epidemics. Methodology: By detecting and characterizing seven genetic elements, the mobilome profile of each isolate was obtained. By comparing it to known seventh pandemic reference strains, it was possible to discern among different V. cholerae O1 variants active in the country. Results: During 1997–1999, epidemic strains showed two different genetic profiles, both related to a pandemic clone that originated from India and was reported in other African countries in the 1990s. Isolates from 2012–2014 outbreaks showed a genetic background related to the pandemic strains currently active as the prevalent causative agent of cholera worldwide. Conclusions: Despite cholera being endemic in Mozambique, the epidemiology of the disease in the past 20 years has been strongly influenced by the cholera seventh pandemic waves that originated in the Indian subcontinent.

scholarly journals In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of the Decontaminant HybenX® Compared to Chlorhexidine and Sodium Hypochlorite against Common Bacterial and Yeast Pathogens

Antibiotics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Antonelli ◽  
Luca Giovannini ◽  
Ilaria Baccani ◽  
Valentina Giuliani ◽  
Riccardo Pace ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Yeast Strains ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Endodontic Infections ◽  
Reference Strains

The recent increase in infections mediated by drug-resistant bacterial and fungal pathogens underlines the urgent need for novel antimicrobial compounds. In this study, the antimicrobial activity (inhibitory and cidal) of HybenX®, a novel dessicating agent, in comparison with commonly used sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine, against a collection of bacterial and yeast strains representative of the most common human pathogenic species was evaluated. The minimal inhibitory, bactericidal, and fungicidal concentrations (MIC, MBC, and MFC, respectively) of the three different antimicrobial agents were evaluated by broth microdilution assays, followed by subculturing of suitable dilutions. HybenX® was active against 26 reference strains representative of staphylococci, enterococci, Enterobacterales, Gram-negative nonfermenters, and yeasts, although at higher concentrations than sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine. HybenX® MICs were 0.39% for bacteria (with MBCs ranging between 0.39% and 0.78%), and 0.1–0.78% for yeasts (with MFCs ranging between 0.78% and 1.6%). HybenX® exhibited potent inhibitory and cidal activity at low concentrations against several bacterial and yeast pathogens. These findings suggest that HybenX® could be of interest for the treatment of parodontal and endodontic infections and also for bacterial and fungal infections of other mucous membranes and skin as an alternative to sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine.

Determination of Sulfite in Food by Flow Injection Analysis

1986 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 542-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J Sullivan ◽  
Thomas A Hollingworth ◽  
Marleen M Wekell ◽  
Richard T Newton ◽  
Jack E Larose
Keyword(s):  
Flow Injection ◽  
Flow Injection Analysis ◽  
Extraction Procedure ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Cell ◽  
Low Concentrations

Abstract A method is described for the determination of sulfite levels in food products by flow injection analysis (FIA). The method is based on the decolorization of malachite green by S02, which is isolated from the flowing sample stream by means of a gas diffusion cell. The FIA method has a detection limit in food sample extracts of 0.1 ppm S02 (3 times peak height of blank), which corresponds to 1-10 ppm S02 in a food product, depending on the extraction procedure used. At the 5 ppm SO2 level in a food extract, the precision of replicate injections is ± 1-2%. The method was tested on a variety of both sulfite-treaied and untreated food products and the results compared favorably with those obtained by the Monier-Williams, colorimetric (pararosaniline), and enzymatic (sulfite oxidase) methods. The average differences from the FIA results were 19, 11, and 12%, respectively, for those samples (n = 12) above SO ppm S02. At lower levels the results were somewhat more erratic due to inaccuracies of the various methods at low concentrations.

Działanie olejku ylangowego (Cananga oil) wobec grzybów drożdżopodobnych

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Kędzia ◽  
Elżbieta Hołderna-Kędzia
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Growth Control ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Geranyl Acetate ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Acetate Methyl ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Therapeutic Properties ◽  
Reference Strains ◽  
Cananga Odorata

Introduction. Several herbs produce substances with medicinal properties. They show antioxidant, antiinflammatory and antimicrobial activity. Cananga odorata Hook (Annonaceae family) is found in the Philippines, Madagascar island, Sumatra, in Jemen and Australia. It is fast growing, evergreen tree, that reaches up to 20 m. Essential oil produced of flowers is used in medicine. The chemical composition of the Cananga oil is as follows: geraniol, linalool, methyl salicylate, α-terpineol, eugenol, α- and β-caryophyllene, farnesen, δ-cadinene, γ-kadinene, geranyl acetate, methyl p-cresyl ether, p-cresol, neridol, α-pinene, carbohydrates, saponins, tanins, flavonoids, amino acids and coumarins. It possess different therapeutic properties. Aim. The aim of the study was evaluation of antifungal activity of Cananga oil. Material and methods. The strains of fungi were isolated from oral cavity. They were from the following genera: Candida albicans (10 strains), C. glabrata (4), C. guilliermondii (2), C. kefyr (2), C. krusei (4), C. lusitaniae (2), C. parapsilosis (3), C. tropicalis (5) and C. utilis (2). Furthermore 9 reference strains C. albicans ATCC 10231, C. glabrata ATCC 66032, C. guilliermondii ATCC 6260, C. kefyr ATCC 4130, C. krusei ATCC 14249, C. lusitaniae ATCC 34499, C. parapsilosis ATCC 22019, C. tropicalis ATCC 750 and C. utilis ATCC 9958 were tested. The sensitivity (MIC) of the yeast to Cananga oil (Semifarm) was determined by method of plate dilution technique in Sabouraud’s agar. First the essential oil was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, Serva) and then in sterile distilled water. The oil concentrations were: 15.0, 10.0, 7.5, 5.0, 2.5 and 1.2 mg/ml. The inoculum containing 105 microorganisms per drop (CFU) was applied with Steers replicator on agar with or without oil (strains growth control). Incubation of the agar plates was carried out under aerobic conditions at 37°C for 12-48 hrs. The MIC was defined as the lowest concentration of the Cananga oil inhibited the growth of the tested strains of yeast-like fungi. Results. The results show, that the growth of 97% of the tested strains of yeast-like fungi was inhibited in the concentration range 1.0-10.0 mg/ml. The strains of C. albicans and C. glabrata were susceptible in range 2.5-5.0 mg/ml. The oil shoved activity against C. guilliermondii and C. utilis strains at a concentration of 5.0 mg/ml. Only 1 strain of C. parapsilosis and 1 strain of C. tropicalis were susceptible at 1.2 mg/ml. However, the oil shoved the lowest activity against C. krusei strains. The MIC values of Cananga oil ranged from 10.0 to 15.0 mg/ml. Conclusions. Most of the estimated strains from Candida genus were susceptible to low concentration of Cananga oil. The oil in low concentrations inhibited the grows of C. albicans strains. The C. krusei strains were the least sensitive to Cananga oil.

scholarly journals Simultaneous High-Efficiency Removal of Sulfamethoxazole and zinc (II) From Livestock and Poultry Breeding Wastewater by a Novel Dual-Functional Bacterium, Bacillus sp. SDB4

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Chen ◽  
Hai Lin ◽  
Yingbo Dong ◽  
Bing Li ◽  
Tingting Yin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Transformation Product ◽  
Dual Functional ◽  
Biological Removal ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Poultry Breeding ◽  
Bacterium Bacillus ◽  
Maximum Removal ◽  
Functional Strain

Abstract The complex mixtures of antibiotics and heavy metals are commonly existed in livestock and poultry breeding wastewater. Effective and simultaneous removal of these toxic compounds by microorganisms, especially single strains remains a considerable challenge. In this study, a novel functional strain SDB4, isolated from duck manure and identified as Bacillus sp., has been shown to possess high removal abilities for both sulfamethoxazole (SMX) and Zn2+. The maximum removal efficiency achieved 73.97% for SMX and 84.06% for Zn2+ within 48 h in sole system. It has great potential for eliminating SMX along with Zn2+, 78.45% of SMX and 52.91% of Zn2+ were removed in the 20 mg·L-1 SMX and 100 mg·L-1 Zn2+ binary system. Furthermore, the SMX-biotransformation ability of SDB4 was enhanced at low concentrations of Zn2+ (below 100 mg·L-1). N4-acetyl-SMX was identified as the main stable transformation product during SMX bioremoval. FTIR analyses revealed that OH, NH2, C=O, C-N/N-H and C-O-C played major roles in the biosorption of Zn2+. Our study of the dually functioning strain SDB4 provides a potential application for the simultaneous biological removal of antibiotics and heavy metals.

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