Using Qualitative Interviews to Better Understand Differences in How Local Health Departments Inspect School Share Tables

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Zagorski ◽  
Gustavo A. Reyes ◽  
Matthew J Stasiewicz ◽  
Melissa Pflugh Prescott
Keyword(s):  
School Environment ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Foodborne Illness ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
School Food ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
Microbial Risks

Environmental and health advocates are increasingly promoting food donations to reduce landfilled food waste and feed hungry people. Share tables are locations where students can put unwanted school food or beverage items, allowing their uneaten food items to be “shared” with other students and providing food donation opportunities for the 4.9 billion lunches served annually in the U.S. National School Lunch Program. The purpose of this qualitative study to identify differences in health inspector interpretations of the Food Code as it relates to share table operations, as well as their preferred risk mitigation techniques to prevent foodborne illness from recovered food. A snowball sampling technique was used to identify Illinois health inspectors (n=13) engaged in share table inspections. Telephone interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. The transcripts were coded using a hybrid process of deductive and inductive content analysis. Participants viewed contamination, not temperature abuse, as the primary risk factor for foodborne illness. Those with permissive Food Code interpretations considered contamination risk in the context of the overall school environment. Participants had the lowest degree of consensus on whether or not to allow whole apple recovery via share table. Participants also lacked consensus on re-service of unclaimed share table items in future meal programs. This lack of consensus suggests further research is needed to develop data-driven strategies to assess and manage the microbial risks presented by share table operation and ultimately to facilitate increased food recovery.

scholarly journals Tradisi Adat Kawi’a Masyarakat Suku Moronene Di Kecamatan Poleang Utara Kabupaten Bombana

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Anwar Anwar ◽  
Amal Arfan ◽  
Erman Syarif
Keyword(s):  
Character Education ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Learning Material ◽  
Data Display ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Data Collecting ◽  
Before And After

The study aims at (1) examining the proses of Kawi’a traditional tradition or marriage of Moronene tribe in North Poleang subdistrict in Bombana district, (2) the role of Tolea in Kawi’a traditional tradition of marriage of Moronene Tribe in North Poleang Subdsitrict in Bombana district, and (3) integrating the Kawia’a traditional tradition or marriage in Geography learning material in SMA (senior high school). This study employed qualitative research with ethnography approach. The data source of the study employed snowball sampling technique with the informants consisted of customary council chairman of Moronene, Tolea, and prominent people. Data Collecting technique employed direct observation, in-depth interview, and documentation. Data analysis technique consisted of data collecting, data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results of the study reveal that (1) the process in Kawi’a tarditional tradition or marriage of Moronene tribe in North Poleang subdistrict in Bombana district is divided into three stages, namely pre-marriage stage which consist of Mowindahako (marriage proposal), Moduduhi, Mompokontodo (following the marriage proposal), Mesisiwi (persuading the bride), Mesampora (engagement), Lumanga (delivery the dowry) and Khatam Qur’an. The marriage stage consists of Melongko (picking up the bride), Metiwawa (taking the bride to the venue), Melawati/Moantani (welcoming the bride), Mompindai Sincu (confirming the bride and groom), pinokompe’olo (eating together in on plate), Pinokompompanga (eating the sirih pinang together) dan Montente Awu (Molulo together) and the Post-marriage is called  Mohuletako Alo (taking the bride to the parent’s in-law home); (2) the roles of Tolea in Kawi’a traditional tradition of marriage of Moronene Tribe in North Poleang Subdsitrict in Bombana district are the marriage proposal carrier, following the marriage proposal, discussing and deciding as well as taking the dowry and marriage cost, conducting the procession before and after the marriage and taking the bride to the parent’s in-law home; (3) the Kawi’a traditional tradition or marriage of Moronene tribe can be integrated in Geography learning material in class XI at SMA inside or outside of the clas in a form of field observatioan and applying character education values caontained in Kawi’a traditional tradition such as being religious, discipline, responsibility and caring working togehter in daily lives in school environment as well as in the society.Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah (1) Untuk mengetahui proses dalam tradisi adat Kawi’a / perkawinan masyarakat Moronene di Kecamatan Poleang Utara Kabupaten Bombana, (2) Untuk mengetahui peran Tolea dalam adat tradisi Kawi’a / perkawinan masyarakat Suku Moronene di Kabupaten Bombana, (3) Untuk mengintegrasikan tradisi adat Kawi’a / Perkawinan dalam materi pembelajaran geografi di SMA. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan etnografi. Sumber data mengggunakan teknik snowball sampling dengan memilih informan yang terdiri dari Ketua Dewan Adat Moronene, Tolea dan Tokoh Masyarakat. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi langsung, wawancara mendalam dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data terdiri dari pengumpulan data, reduksi data, display data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) proses dalam tradisi adat kawi’a / perkawinan masyarakat Moronene di Kecamatan Poleang Utara Kabupaten Bombana terbagi dalam tiga tahap yaitu tahap praperkawinan yang terdiri dari Mowindahako (Pelamaran), Moduduhi, Mompokontodo (Menyusul lamaran), Mesisiwi (membujuk Pengantin), Mesampora (Pertunangan), Lumanga (pengantaran Pokok Mahar) dan Khatam Qur’an. Tahap Perkawinan terdiri dari Melongko (Menjemput pengantin), Metiwawa (mengantar pengantin ke tempat acara), Melawati/Moantani (menyambut pengantin), Mompindai Sincu (Mengukuhkan Pengantin), pinokompe’olo (Makan Bersama dalam satu piring), Pinokompompanga (Makan Sirih Pinang Bersama) dan Montente Awu (Molulo Bersama) dan tahap Pascaperkawinan disebut Mohuletako Alo (mengantar Pengantin ke rumah orang tua laki-laki): (2) peran tolea dalam adat tradisi kawi’a / perkawinan masyarakat Suku Moronene di Kabupaten Bombana yaitu pembawa lamaran, menyusul lamaran, membicarakan dan memutuskan serta mengantar Pokok Mahar dan Biaya Perkawinan, melaksanakan prosesi adat sebelum dan sesudah perkawinan dan mengantar pengantin ke rumah orang tua pengantin laki-laki (3) tradisi adat Kawi’a / Perkawinan masyarakat suku moronene dapat dintegrasikan dalam materi pembelajaran geografi kelas XI (Sebelas) di SMA baik di dalam maupun di luar kelas dalam bentuk observasi lapangan dan menerapkan nilai-nilai pendidikan karakter yang ada dalam tradisi adat Kawi’a tersebut seperti Religius, Disiplin, Tanggung Jawab dan Peduli Sosial / Gotong Royong dalam kehidupan sehari-hari baik di lingkungan sekolah maupun di lingkungan masyarakat.

scholarly journals Challenges Faced by Healthcare Professionals During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Inquiry From Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaharior Rahman Razu ◽  
Tasnuva Yasmin ◽  
Taimia Binte Arif ◽  
Md. Shahin Islam ◽  
Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Qualitative Inquiry ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Interview Guide ◽  
Study Participants

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused increasing challenges for healthcare professionals globally. However, there is a dearth of information about these challenges in many developing countries, including Bangladesh. This study aims to explore the challenges faced by healthcare professionals (doctors and nurses) during COVID-19 in Bangladesh.Methods: We conducted qualitative research among healthcare professionals of different hospitals and clinics in Khulna and Dhaka city of Bangladesh from May 2020 to August 2020. We conducted 15 in-depth telephone interviews using a snowball sampling technique. We used an in-depth interview guide as data were collected, audiotaped, and transcribed. The data were analyzed both manually and using QDA Miner software as we used thematic analysis for this study.Results: Seven themes emerged from the study. Participants experienced higher workload, psychological distress, shortage of quality personal protective equipment (PPE), social exclusion/stigmatization, lack of incentives, absence of coordination, and proper management during their service. These healthcare professionals faced difficulty coping with these challenges due to situational and organizational factors. They reported of faith in God and mutual support to be the keys to adapt to adversities. Adequate support to address the difficulties faced by healthcare professionals is necessary for an overall improved health outcome during the pandemic.Conclusion: The findings highlight the common challenges faced by healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 outbreak. This implies the need to support adequate safety kits, protocols, and support for both physical and mental health of the healthcare professionals.

scholarly journals Students’ Experiences, Reactions and Opinions on Bullying at Esperanza National High School, Esperanza, Sultan Kudarat, Region XII, Philippines

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-182
Author(s):  
Rodalyn O. Lapada ◽  
Elmar S. Lapada
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Personal Development ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Survey Questionnaire ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
The People ◽  
Occasional Occurrence

This study was conducted to determine students’ experiences, reactions and opinions on bullying. It used a descriptive research design wherein students’ experiences, reactions and opinions were gathered through survey questionnaires. Purposive sampling technique was employed using snowball sampling technique. Online survey questionnaire was sent to the selected students via messenger. These students forwarded the online survey questionnaire to those students who they thought potential respondents of the study via messenger too. Finding revealed that Esperanza National High School has maintained a healthy school environment suited to the different types of learners since the bullying was less evident in the school. Occasional occurrence of bullying in the school prompted the students to rarely report the incidence to the concerned people. Students very seldom experienced the bullying from the people they frequently engaged and communicated. They normally responded to the minor incidence of bullying they experienced from the school or at home. They believed that bullying has a less extent of effect on their personal development. It is, indeed, recommended that Esperanza National High School should sustain building a positive school environment and should maintain the zero tolerance of any bullying incidence in the school.

scholarly journals COVID-19: challenges faced by Nepalese migrants living in Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Bhandari ◽  
Yasuhiro Kotera ◽  
Akihiko Ozaki ◽  
Sudeepa Abeysinghe ◽  
Makoto Kosaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Healthy Behaviors ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
Employment Conditions ◽  
Mental Well Being

Abstract Background Worldwide, COVID-19 has exacerbated the vulnerability of migrants, impacting many facets of their lives. Nepalese make up one of the largest groups of migrants residing in Japan. Crises, such as the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic could disproportionately affect migrants from low- and middle-income countries like Nepal, widening health and economic inequalities. An in-depth, comprehensive assessment is needed to appraise the diverse problems they encounter. Drawing upon qualitative interviews, this study aimed to identify challenges faced by Nepalese migrants in Japan as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic and to discuss their needs to counter these challenges. Methods This qualitative study employed an interpretivist approach to appraise the first-hand experience of Nepalese migrants living in Japan. Fourteen participants (8 males and 6 females, aged 21 to 47 years old) were recruited to participate in semi-structured in-depth telephone interviews (45–60 min) regarding: (a) their perceived current physical and mental health, (b) problems faced as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, and (c) perception of available and necessary support structures. Purposive and snowball sampling techniques were used to recruit the participants. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and thematically analyzed. Results Six themes were identified: 1) experiencing psychosomatic symptoms, 2) adoption of new healthy behaviors, 3) financial hardship, 4) family concerns, 5) reflections on discrimination and 6) reflections of existing support and expectations of support systems. The findings of our study illustrate the specific impact of COVID-19 among Nepalese migrants regarding their unstable employment conditions, perceived lack of social support, possible obligation to send money home, difficulty in accessing services due to the language barrier, and a lack of effective governmental support from Nepal. Pandemic-related adversity has negatively impacted migrants’ mental well-being, exacerbating their vulnerability. Conclusions Comprehensive and timely support should be provided to the vulnerable migrant population. Effective coordination among relevant parties in both countries, including the governments concerned, should be facilitated.

scholarly journals PENERAPAN PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER TERHADAP EFEKTIFITAS PENGGUNAAN KURIKULUM 2013 DALAM PERSEPEKTIF MORAL BANGSA DI SMA NURUL JANNAH NW AMPENAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Fitriani Fitriani ◽  
Abdul Sakban
Keyword(s):  
Character Education ◽  
School Environment ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Learning Activities ◽  
Learning Material ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Data Presentation ◽  
Moral Perspective ◽  
Curriculum Committee

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui penerapan pendidikan karakter terhadap efektifitas penggunan kurikulum 2013 dalam persepektif moral bangsa dan untuk mengetahui kendala yang dihadapi guru dalam penerapan kurikulum 2013. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan menggunakan snowball sampling. Informan kunci dalam penelitian ini adalah kepala sekolah, waka kurikulum, wali kelas, guru dan siswa. Data penelitian diperoleh melalui tehnik observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Data yang sudah terkumpul dianalisis melalui langkah reduksi data, penyajian data dan verifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa (1) penerapan pendidikan karakter dalam penggunaan kurikulum 2013 sudah diterapkan secara efektif. Hal ini terlihat dari pengintegrasian pendidikan karakter oleh guru dalam setiap mata pelajaran. (2) dipandang dalam persepekif moral bangsa bahwa karakter yang dimilki siswa terindikasi sudah bermoral bangsa yang baik. Hal ini terbukti dari beberapa karakter yang diterapkan siswa dalam lingkungan sekolah seperti karakter religius, jujur, toleransi, peduli sosial, tanggung jawab, peduli lingkungan, bersahabat dan demokratis. (3) kendala yang dihadapi guru dalam penerapan pendidikan karakter yang utama adalah sarana dan prasarana dan minimnya waktu dalam kegiatan pembelajaran. Ini terlihat dari kurangnya sarana misalnya seperti LCD sebagai penunjang kegiatan pembelajaran dan ketidak tuntasan dalam penyampaian materi pembelajaran.The purpose of this study was to determine the application of character education to the effectiveness of the use of the 2013 curriculum in the nation's moral perspective and to find out the obstacles faced by teachers in the implementation of the 2013 curriculum. The sampling technique using snowball sampling. The key informants in this study were the principal, curriculum committee, homeroom teacher and students. The research data was obtained through observation, interview and documentation techniques. Data that has been collected is analyzed through data reduction steps, data presentation and verification. The results of the study show that (1) the application of character education in the use of the 2013 curriculum has been applied effectively. This can be seen from the integration of character education by teachers in each subject. (2) seen in the nation's moral perspective that the character possessed by students is indicated to have good moral values. This is evident from some of the characters applied by students in the school environment such as religious character, honesty, tolerance, social care, responsibility, caring, friendly and democratic. (3) constraints faced by teachers in implementing the main character education are facilities and infrastructure and the minimum time in learning activities. This can be seen from the lack of facilities such as LCD as supporting learning activities and incompleteness in the delivery of learning material.

scholarly journals COVID-19 and doctor emigration: the case of Ireland

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niamh Humphries ◽  
Jennifer Creese ◽  
John-Paul Byrne ◽  
John Connell
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Contact Potential ◽  
Work From Home ◽  
Travel Restrictions ◽  
Hospital Doctors ◽  
June July ◽  
Global Travel

Abstract Background Since the 2008 recession, Ireland has experienced large-scale doctor emigration. This paper seeks to ascertain whether (and how) the COVID-19 pandemic might disrupt or reinforce existing patterns of doctor emigration. Method This paper draws on qualitative interviews with 31 hospital doctors in Ireland, undertaken in June–July 2020. As the researchers were subject to a government mandated work-from-home order at that time, they utilised Twitter™ to contact potential respondents (snowball sampling); and conducted interviews via Zoom™ or telephone. Findings Two cohorts of doctors were identified; COVID Returners (N = 12) and COVID Would-be Emigrants (N = 19). COVID Returners are Irish-trained emigrant doctors who returned to Ireland in March 2020, just as global travel ground to a halt. They returned to be closer to home and in response to a pandemic-related recruitment call issued by the Irish government. COVID Would-be Emigrants are hospital doctors considering emigration. Some had experienced pandemic-related disruptions to their emigration plans as a result of travel restrictions and border closures. However, most of the drivers of emigration mentioned by respondents related to underlying problems in the Irish health system rather than to the pandemic, i.e. a culture of medical emigration, poor working conditions and the limited availability of posts in the Irish health system. Discussion/conclusion This paper illustrates how the pandemic intensified and reinforced, rather than radically altered, the dynamics of doctor emigration from Ireland. Ireland must begin to prioritise doctor retention and return by developing a coherent policy response to the underlying drivers of doctor emigration.

Cultural Beliefs, Perceptions, and Experiences on Female Genital Mutilation Among Women and Men: A Qualitative Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110152
Author(s):  
Alba González-Timoneda ◽  
Antonio Cano Sánchez ◽  
Marta González-Timoneda ◽  
Vicente Ruiz Ros
Keyword(s):  
Female Genital Mutilation ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Traditional Practice ◽  
Genital Mutilation ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Data Saturation ◽  
Female Genital

The practice of female genital mutilation (FGM) is a deeply-rooted tradition that affects predominantly regions of Africa and Asia. Because of migration flows, FGM is an issue of increasing concern worldwide. FGM is now carried out in Europe, North America, Australia and New Zealand, and more specifically among immigrant communities from countries where it is common. This study aims to assess the experience, knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs related to FGM of migrant women and men from FGM-affected countries residing in Spain and the United Kingdom. A phenomenological qualitative approach was used. Participants (n=23) were recruited by using the snowball sampling technique until data saturation was reached. Data were collected through 18 open-ended interviews and a focus group. Of the 23 participants, 20 women had undergone FGM. The following five themes were generated from interviews: (a) FGM practice development, (b) knowledge about the practice, (c) reasons for performing FGM, (d) attitudes toward continuing or abandoning the practice, and (e) criminalization of FGM. The study here presented identifies a lack of information, memory, and knowledge about the practice of FGM and typology among women with FGM. The justification of the practice seems to be based on a multifactorial model, where sociocultural and economic factors, sexual factors, hygienic-esthetic factors, and religious-spiritual factors take on a greater role in the analysis of the interviews carried out. The participants practically unanimously agree to advocate the abandonment and eradication of this harmful traditional practice. The knowledge displayed in this study may provide a basis for improving awareness and healthcare in such collectives, aiming the eradication of this harmful traditional practice.

scholarly journals Terminal Logic Behavior and Strategic Defection of Governmental Officials during Presidential Transitions in Guatemala: Implications for the Sustainability of Food and Nutrition Security Policy

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica L Escobar-Alegria ◽  
Edward A Frongillo ◽  
Christine E Blake
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Food And Nutrition Security ◽  
Nutrition Security ◽  
Presidential Transitions ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Food And Nutrition

ABSTRACT Background Presidents with no possibility of re-election overvalue far-future rewards and succumb to terminal logic behavior (TLB), responding to end-of-tenure legacy concerns despite political context. Government authorities perceiving the outgoing government is losing power at the end of term behave under the logic of strategic defection (SD), dissociating from the outgoing government once it is perceived powerless. In countries where re-election is impossible and government turnover and inconstant political parties are concerns, governmental officials at all levels may show TLB and SD during transitions that affect policy sustainability. Objectives This study aimed to understand the context during presidential transitions that makes TLB and SD relevant, whether TLB and SD affect sustainability of food and nutrition security policy (FNSP), and the tactics for navigating transitions that favor sustainability. Methods A case-study design was used with semi-structured qualitative interviews and document review of news articles in Guatemala. Purposeful criteria and snowball sampling were used to recruit 52 policy actors implementing an FNSP across 2 transitions; 252 news articles from the referenced period covering topics on policy programmatic areas were purposefully sampled. Interviews were analyzed using coding and thematic analyses. News articles were analyzed using a priori thematic coding for verifying themes in interviews and data triangulation. Results Governmental officials were replaced by others during transitions; political parties were perceived as inconstant. TLB and SD occurred at all levels and had consequences for sustainability of FNSP: implementation slow-down, dysfunctional collaboration, inefficient use of resources, benefits not reaching targeted groups, and loss of momentum. These occurred through individual, institutional, and political mechanisms. Civil society, international organizations, and government adopted tactics for maximizing sustainability. Conclusions Understanding governmental officials’ experiences and the extent to which TLB and SD occur and affect sustainability could be advantageous to develop compensatory actions for reaching long-term FNSP goals.

Intimate Partner Violence and its Mental Health Implications Amid COVID-19 Lockdown: Findings Among Nigerian Couples

2021 ◽  
pp. 088626052110152
Author(s):  
Margaret Isioma Ojeahere ◽  
Sahmicit Kankemwa Kumswa ◽  
Frances Adiukwu ◽  
Janet Punyit Plang ◽  
Yetunde Folake Taiwo
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Health Consequences ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Implications

Intimate partner violence (IPV) has been identified as a global health problem with increasing mental health consequences. During the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in Nigeria, couples were compelled to spend more time together, regardless of their pre-existing challenges. Our study aims to determine the prevalence of IPV, its forms, and mental health implications among Nigerian households amid the COVID-19 lockdown. A cross-sectional study was implemented which used the snowball sampling technique to recruit 474 participants across 31 states in Nigeria. A semi-structured online questionnaire was distributed using the WhatsApp platform. The relationship between IPV, its forms, and associated factors were analyzed using descriptive analysis and logistic regression with significant value at p ≤ .05 and confidence interval of 95%. Majority (98.1%) of the participants had at least a college degree and 90.1% were employed. Overall prevalence of IPV ranged from 7.2% to 13.5%. Using the lockdown as the landmark, higher prevalence was found before than during the lockdown across physical, emotional, financial, and sexual forms of IPV. Emotional form had the highest prevalence both before and during the lockdown with 11.4% and 3.8% respectively. Furthermore, 22.6% of participants reported that the lockdown affected their mental health. Hopelessness, feelings of failure, being irritable, and constantly under strain were psychological symptoms significantly associated with IPV amid the lockdown. Decreased prevalence of IPV were found in the early phase of the pandemic, suggesting that couples can experience less partner violence during periods of confinement. Our study supports existing evidence that forms of IPV have negative mental health consequences on abused partners.

scholarly journals The use of questionnaires for acquiring information on public perception of natural hazards and risk mitigation – a review of current knowledge and practice

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1307-1325 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. Bird
Keyword(s):  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Delivery Mode ◽  
Management Procedures ◽  
Knowledge And Practice

Abstract. Questionnaires are popular and fundamental tools for acquiring information on public knowledge and perception of natural hazards. Questionnaires can provide valuable information to emergency management agencies for developing risk management procedures. Although many natural hazards researchers describe results generated from questionnaires, few explain the techniques used for their development and implementation. Methodological detail should include, as a minimum, response format (open/closed questions), mode of delivery, sampling technique, response rate and access to the questionnaire to allow reproduction of or comparison with similar studies. This article reviews current knowledge and practice for developing and implementing questionnaires. Key features include questionnaire design, delivery mode, sampling techniques and data analysis. In order to illustrate these aspects, a case study examines methods chosen for the development and implementation of questionnaires used to obtain information on knowledge and perception of volcanic hazards in a tourist region in southern Iceland. Face-to-face interviews highlighted certain issues with respect to question structure and sequence. Recommendations are made to overcome these problems before the questionnaires are applied in future research projects. In conclusion, basic steps that should be disclosed in the literature are provided as a checklist to ensure that reliable, replicable and valid results are produced from questionnaire based hazard knowledge and risk perception research.

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