scholarly journals Challenges Faced by Healthcare Professionals During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Inquiry From Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaharior Rahman Razu ◽  
Tasnuva Yasmin ◽  
Taimia Binte Arif ◽  
Md. Shahin Islam ◽  
Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Qualitative Inquiry ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Telephone Interviews ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Interview Guide ◽  
Study Participants

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused increasing challenges for healthcare professionals globally. However, there is a dearth of information about these challenges in many developing countries, including Bangladesh. This study aims to explore the challenges faced by healthcare professionals (doctors and nurses) during COVID-19 in Bangladesh.Methods: We conducted qualitative research among healthcare professionals of different hospitals and clinics in Khulna and Dhaka city of Bangladesh from May 2020 to August 2020. We conducted 15 in-depth telephone interviews using a snowball sampling technique. We used an in-depth interview guide as data were collected, audiotaped, and transcribed. The data were analyzed both manually and using QDA Miner software as we used thematic analysis for this study.Results: Seven themes emerged from the study. Participants experienced higher workload, psychological distress, shortage of quality personal protective equipment (PPE), social exclusion/stigmatization, lack of incentives, absence of coordination, and proper management during their service. These healthcare professionals faced difficulty coping with these challenges due to situational and organizational factors. They reported of faith in God and mutual support to be the keys to adapt to adversities. Adequate support to address the difficulties faced by healthcare professionals is necessary for an overall improved health outcome during the pandemic.Conclusion: The findings highlight the common challenges faced by healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 outbreak. This implies the need to support adequate safety kits, protocols, and support for both physical and mental health of the healthcare professionals.

scholarly journals Single Motherhood: Experiences of Never Married Women in Lagos, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-112
Author(s):  
Samuel Ojima Adejoh ◽  
Raymond Kayode Kuteyi ◽  
Victor Ogunsola ◽  
Temilade Adeyinka Adeoye
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Single Mothers ◽  
Family Background ◽  
Single Mother ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Never Married ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Interview Guide

Despite the benefits of marriage, there has been a rise in the number of single parent families, especially never married single mothers globally. This may bring about serious social problems as the consequences of children raised by single mother have been documented. Yet, little research has been conducted to find out why there is increase in the number of never married single mothers. Therefore, this study investigated and described the experiences of women who were never married but are bearing children and raising those children as single mothers. The study adopted the qualitative research method, utilizing in-depth interviews to collect data from consenting participants. The study location was Iwaya, Lagos, Nigeria, and the participants were selected using snowball sampling technique. Forty never-married single mothers were sampled and interviewed using an in-depth interview guide. The data were transcribed and content analysed. Some of the perceived reasons for the rise in the number of never married single mother identified include family background, sexual abuse, age, careless sexual behaviour and non-use of contraceptives, personal preference and perceived economic benefits. There is the need to educate women on how to prevent sexual abuse and also on proper use of contraceptive for those who may want to engage in sexual intercourse, but may not be ready to get married.

scholarly journals The fear of COVID-19 outbreak among health care professionals in Gaza Strip, Palestine

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 205031212110229
Author(s):  
Ameer Khalil Shehada ◽  
Ahmed Hassan Albelbeisi ◽  
Ali Albelbeisi ◽  
Abdel Hamid El Bilbeisi ◽  
Amany El Afifi
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Gaza Strip ◽  
Study Participants

Introduction: The emergence of the COVID-19 and its consequences has led to fears, worries, and anxiety among individuals, particularly among healthcare professionals. The present study aimed to assess the fear of COVID-19 among different healthcare professionals in the Gaza Strip, Palestine. Methods: A cross-sectional, snowball sampling technique and an online questionnaire were employed among healthcare professionals. A total of 300 participants completed the questionnaire. The validated fear of COVID-19 Scale Arabic version was used. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 22. Results: The sample fear mean score was 17.53 ± 5.78; more than half of the study participants (54.3%) consider it as low levels of fear and 45.7% of the participants consider it as high levels of fear. Statistically significant differences were found between males and females, and different healthcare professional’s disciplines. Females have a higher mean score compared to males. The highest fear mean scores were found among Lab-Technicians (20.19 ± 7.42), followed by X-ray-Technicians (17.95 ± 3.96), Nurses (17.1 ± 5.55), and Physicians (16.25 ± 4.66). Conclusion: The fear of COVID-19 was high among female healthcare professionals compared to males, as well as, among Lab-Technicians compared to Physicians and Nurses. There is a need to establish a strategy to continues measuring the psychological effect of COVID-19 among healthcare professionals especially females.

At Risk of “Leftover Singles”: Dimensions and Sociopsychological Repercussions of Delayed Marriageability Among Educated Females in Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-412
Author(s):  
Tipu Sultan ◽  
Saeed Ahmad ◽  
Ayesha Ayub
Keyword(s):  
Marriage Market ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Caste System ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Personal Traits ◽  
Interview Guide ◽  
Family Based

The current study examined the educational, economic, and sociocultural, family and personal dimensions of delayed marriage among educated females in Pakistan. In addition, it revealed family-based and personal dimensions of delayed marriage among educated females in Pakistan. Furthermore, it highlighted the sociopsychological consequences of delayed marriageability among females in patriarchal society. For this purpose, 35 females, in the age bracket of 30–49 years and with a minimum of 16 years of education, were recruited for the current study through purposive and snowball sampling technique. An interview guide was used as a tool for data collection. The main sociocultural factors of delayed marriageability were the unavailability of a suitable match in the marriage market, the provision of the dowry, the pivotal role of the caste system and the second fiddle role of sectarian affiliation, and previous marital status (engaged or divorced) of the females. The structure and the size of the family were also the decisive family factors of delayed marriageability. Additionally, among personal traits, physical outlook and effective individualism played a prominent role. The current study conjectured a relational insight and transformation in a family structure for family demographers. It was the first qualitative study to highlight the patriarchal perspective of Pakistani society on the factors of delayed marriages. The findings of the current study would enrich the overall theoretical understanding of delayed marriageability among females.

scholarly journals How COVID-19 is Affecting Apprentices

BioMedica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2S) ◽  
pp. 265-269
Author(s):  
Shamaila Hassnain ◽  
Naureen Omar
Keyword(s):  
Survey Design ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
World Health ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The World

<p><strong>Background and Objective:</strong> Coronavirus induced disease (COVID-19) is affecting people all around the world. The rising number of deaths due to COVID-19 is not only harassing people but also causing strong emotions in adults as well as in children due to anxiety, fear and stress. The objective of this study was to assess the fears, anxiety and stress due to COVID-19 pandemic and related issues among the apprentices at various levels in different parts of world. <strong>Methods: </strong>It was a cross sectional survey design to assess the students/trainee&rsquo;s immediate psychological response during COVID-19 outbreak by using an anonymous online questionnaire. A snowball sampling technique was conducted focusing general public all around the world from 3rd April 2020 till 7th April 2020. A total of N=354 participants filled the form completely. The structured questionnaire collected information on demographic data and psychological aspect of this outbreak, including extreme fear and uncertainty. <strong>Results:</strong> A total of N = 354 participants completed the questionnaire; majority were from the age group of 21&ndash;30 years. Approximately 66.4% were females and 33.6% males. Participants from Asia were 83.6% while 9.9%, 3.4%, 2.8% and 1% from America/Canada, Europe, Africa and Australia respectively. Out of n = 354 participants 59.3% were relying on health professionals for authentic source of information regarding COVID-19 while 16.4%, 15% and 5.4% considered social media, television and World Health Organization (WHO) website respectively as their authentic guide. Out of the (n = 354) participants 80.5% were afraid about health status during COVID-19 most predominantly females (66.3%) (P = 0.000). A total of 65.8% participants felt agitated or irritated in this outbreak. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> COVID-19 lockdowns are affecting both physical and mental health of students and apprentices enrolled at different levels of education. Females are more affected and concerned to their loved ones and themselves. Working norms are being maintained and responsibilities are being fulfilled despite this grave situation.</p>

Assessment of Knowledge, Perception, Attitude, Risk Factors Prevention and Treatment Options of Cancer Among Natives in Elgon Sub-Region, Uganda

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Kudamba ◽  
E. Ssenku Jamil ◽  
Shaban A. Okurut ◽  
Hussein M. Kafero ◽  
Hakim Nsubuga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Mixed Methods Research ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Low Literacy ◽  
Inadequate Knowledge ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Background Globally, cancer is one of the leading cause of morbidity and mortality and most cancers are due to infections and so, are preventable. Studies have shown that cancer prevention has been possible through intensified healthcare education but such information is poorly documented in Elgon sub-region. Therefore, our study was aimed at assessing cancer indigenous knowledge among natives in Elgon sub-region. Method Mixed methods research design were adopted. A total of 73 participants, selected through snowball sampling technique were involved. Data collection was done through pretested questionnaires. MedCalc version, 20.008 was used for data analysis and results were presented in tables and figures. Result Majority of the study participants were males (58%), aged between 46 – 55 years (58%), Ugandans (90%) and married (67%). Most of them had inadequate knowledge about cancer (p<0.05) and highlighted sores that slightly heal at any body parts as well as blood in faeces as putative predictors of cancer infection (p<0.005). A total of nine cancer types were documented and cervical was the most prevalent (p<0.0001). Smoking was the most pronounced cancer associated risk factor (p<0.0001) and avoiding smoking was perceived as the major prevention option (p<0.0001). No cancer treatment options in cancer treatment cited in this area (p<0.172). Conclusion The natives had limited knowledge and poor perception of cancer due low literacy level. Therefore, there is need to intensify on cancer health education programs through the word of mouths and radio talk shows. The plant medicinal plant used in cancer treatment needs to be documented.

scholarly journals Local integration of Liberian refugees in Ghana

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-72
Author(s):  
Augustine Tanle ◽  
Michael Tettey
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Local Approach ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Interview Guide ◽  
Local Integration ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Buduburam Refugee Camp

In sub-Saharan Africa, protracted refugee situations have become common within the last three decades. Although voluntary repatriation is mostly recommended as the more lasting solution to refugee problems, some refugees think otherwise. This paper explores the views of Liberian refugees on local integration in Ghana. Using an in-depth interview guide, a total of 25 Liberian refugees were interviewed through the snowball sampling procedure at the Buduburam refugee camp. Guided by both the theory of national identity and an adapted framework on domains of local integration, the results show that the refugees are prepared for local integration. Most of them are already engaged in informal sector businesses as their sources of livelihood; almost all of them have established some social networks which facilitate interactions between them and the indigenes; and moreover they have been granted residence and work permits as well as registered for the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) as part of the integration package. It can be concluded that the Liberian refugees who opted for local integration are positively disposed for local integration in Ghana. There is the need for government to adopt the most appropriate local approach to facilitate the full intergration of the Liberian refugees into the country.  

scholarly journals Use of Information and Communication Technologies in Natural Calamities by Residents in a Flood-Prone Community: A Case in Leyte, Philippines

2014 ◽  
pp. 63-88
Author(s):  
Maria Victoria Stephane Asio ◽  
Editha Cagasan
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Interview Guide ◽  
Community Residents ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Grounded Theory Approach ◽  
Good Access

Residents in disaster-prone areas use information and communication technologies (ICTs) to cope with risks. This study was conducted in a flood prone barangay of Palo, Leyte to determine the informants’ use of ICTs in natural calamities. Following the grounded theory approach, the 23 informants were chosen using snowball sampling and were interviewed using an in-depth interview guide. The theoretical model generated from the data showed that in this flood-prone community, residents are exposed to various information sources that they use in the different phases of the disaster for various reasons. Although informants’ reasons for accessing and using ICTs were not primarily related to their use in times of disasters, their good access to these technologies proved useful in times of calamities. ICTs have also proven as crucial means of communication especially in giving residents warnings of an incoming disaster and in surviving and recovering from the disaster. Results suggest the need to enhance ICT access among residents and officials in disaster-prone communities.

scholarly journals Understanding Networking: Marketing Attributes Vis-À-Vis Motivation and Downside

10.17158/547 ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma V. Sagarino ◽  
Orlando B. Rubi
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Business Practices ◽  
Integrated Marketing ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Integrated Marketing Communication ◽  
Herbal Products ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Business Networking ◽  
Marketing Methods ◽  
Study Participants

Networking is a marketing method which a company taps agents to reach potential customers that could not be contacted by traditional online or offline marketing methods. Being an agent in this kind of marketing endeavor can be challenging. It is evident that many college students have become networkers of various distribution companies in Davao City. Considering that schooling is always demanding and that the students are in a dilemma as to which activities should be prioritized, the researchers were prompted to explore the experiences of college students as networkers. In particular, the study focused on the marketing mix the entrepreneurial students utilized to attain their objectives vis-à-vis the motivation and the difficulties they encountered. The 12 study participants were identified through snowball sampling. In-depth interviews were conducted and recorded interview results were transcribed, categorized, and themes were identified through the emergent approach. Findings of the study revealed that the commodities, which were typically marketed by networkers through direct selling included nutraceutical such as dietary supplements, and herbal products. Networkers attributed their success to the sufficient and appropriate trainings and workshops they participated, observance of favorable business practices, the highly motivated team they belong to, the effectiveness of product they endorse and the appropriate integrated marketing communication they utilized. Difficulties encountered affected their academic and health status.<div> </div><div><strong>Keywords: </strong>Business, networking, entrepreneurial students, marketing attributes, motivation and downside, in-depth interview, snowball sampling, Davao City, Philippines</div>

scholarly journals STRATEGI KEPEMIMPINAN KEPALA SEKOLAH, GURU, ORANG TUA, DAN MASYARAKAT DALAM MEMBENTUK KARAKTER SISWA

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Suriansyah ◽  
Aslamiah .
Keyword(s):  
School Principals ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Leadership Strategies ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Leadership Quality ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Character Building ◽  
Study Type ◽  
Philosophy Of Leadership

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menderskripsikan strategi kepala sekolah, guru, orang tua, dan masyarakat dalam pembentukan karakter siswa di sekolah dasar. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan jenis studi kasus. Instrumen penelitian adalah peneliti sendiri. Pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara mendalam, observasi partisipasi dan dokumentasi. Responden penelitian bersifat snow-ball. Teknik analisis data menggunakan model Creswell (2014). Keabsahan data digunakan kriteria kredibilitas, transferabilitas, dependabilitas, dan komfirmabilitas. Kesimpulan penelitian adalah strategi kepala sekolah dalam membentuk karakter siswa dengan filosofis kepemimpinan, keteladanan, kedisiplinan, kepemimpinan instruksional, kepemimpinan mutu, serta pemberdayaan guru dan tenaga kependidikan. Strategi guru adalah keteladanan, pembiasaan, dan sentuhan kalbu. Strategi orang tua dan masyarakat adalah komunikasi efektif dan kemitraan efektif. Kata Kunci: strategi, kepala sekolah, guru, masyarakat, karakter THE LEADERSHIP STRATEGIES OF SCHOOL PRINCIPALS, TEACHERS, PARENTS, AND THE COMMUNITIES IN BUILDING THE STUDENTS’ CHARACTER Abstract: This study was aimed to analyze the strategies of the school principals, teachers, parents, and communitiesinbuilding the student character in elementary schools. This study used the qualitative approach using the case study type. The research instrumentswere researhers themselves. The data were collected using the in-depth interview, participation observation, and documentation. The respondents were selected using the snowball sampling technique. The data were analyzed using the model developed by Creswell (2014). The verification of the data was done through credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability criteria. The findings showed that the strategies of the school principals in building the students’ character were the philosophy of leadership, modelling, discipline, instructional leadership, quality leadership, and teacher and staff empowerment. The strategies of the teachers were modelling, habituation, and through touching the heart. The strategies of the parents and communities were effective communication and partnership. Keywords: strategy, principalship, teacher, community, character building

Guidance Implications of Dipo Rite and It’s Initiation among Manya Krobo Groups in Ghana

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Bernard Kissi-Abrokwah ◽  
Grace Mensah ◽  
Anontise Isaac Aboyom ◽  
Ebenezer Bamfo Aidoo
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Premarital Education ◽  
Case Study Design ◽  
Career Opportunities ◽  
Interview Guide ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
Snowball Sampling Technique

Dipo rite is a puberty initiation practiced by the Krobo Groups in Ghana. The study describes the practice and process of Dipo rite, and its guidance implications associated with Dipo rite. This was a qualitative study underpinned by interpretative philosophical thought. The study employed case study design and data was collected using unstructured interview guide. Snowball sampling technique was used to sample the view of four (4) Dipo rite initiators and purposive sampling for the selected key informant from the Manya Krobo Chief Palace. The data were analysed using thematic analysis. The study highlighted the process and practice of Dipo rite. These included the policy, stages, benefit, and those are capable for being initiated. The study revealed that premarital education, courageous, career path, career opportunities were the guidance implications for the practice of Dipo rite. Finally, the study unveiled that age bracket should be introduced for the initiation not depending on one firsts menstruation and follow up should be done to check if the "Dipo yo "are practicing the teaching given to them.

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