Efficacy of slightly acidic electrolyzed water on inactivation of Cronobacter sakazakii and biofilm cell

The disinfection efficacy and mechanism of slightly acid electrolyzed water (SAEW) on Cronobacter sakazakii were investigated. SAEW solutions in three concentrations were carried on C. sakazakii which decreased in a range of 23%-55% in 2 minutes. The propidium iodide (PI) uptake and electronic microscopy (SEM) images indicated that SAEW treatment damaged cell integrity and changed membrane permeability with leaking nucleic acid (109.7%), intercellular protein (692.3%) and K + (53.6%). It was accompanied with lower ability of biofilm formation. SAEW treatment reduced the activity of SOD and CAT from 100.73 U/mgprot and 114.18 U/mgprot to 50.03 U/mgprot and 50.13 U/mgprot, respectively. It lowered down the gene expression of response regulator (katG, rpoS, phoP, glpK,dacC and CSK29544_RS05515 ) which made C. sakazakii failed to repair osmotic stress-induced damage and inhibited their biofilm formation. These findings provide an understanding of associations between bacterial genotype and phenotype induced by SAEW.

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The role of the general stress response regulator RpoS in Cronobacter sakazakii biofilm formation

Food Research International ◽

10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109508 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 136 ◽

pp. 109508

Author(s):

Paula Fernández-Gómez ◽

Mercedes López ◽

Miguel Prieto ◽

Montserrat González-Raurich ◽

Avelino Alvarez-Ordóñez

Keyword(s):

Stress Response ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Response Regulator ◽

Cronobacter Sakazakii ◽

General Stress Response ◽

General Stress

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Csp1, A Cold-Shock Protein Homolog in Xylella fastidiosa Influences Pili Formation, Stress Response, and Gene Expression

10.1101/2021.07.21.453299 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Wei Wei ◽

Lindsey Price Burbank ◽

Teresa Sawyer

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Nucleic Acid ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Cold Shock ◽

Xylella Fastidiosa ◽

Cold Shock Protein ◽

Nucleic Acid Binding ◽

Wild Type ◽

Surface Attachment

Bacterial cold shock-domain proteins (CSPs) are conserved nucleic acid binding chaperones that play important roles in stress adaptation and pathogenesis. Csp1 is a temperature-independent cold shock protein homolog in Xylella fastidiosa, a bacterial plant pathogen of grapevine and other economically important crops. Csp1 contributes to stress tolerance and virulence in X. fastidiosa. However, besides general single stranded nucleic acid binding activity, little is known about the specific function(s) of this protein. To further investigate the role(s) of Csp1, we compared phenotypic differences between wild type and a csp1 deletion mutant (Δcsp1). We observed decreases in cellular aggregation and surface attachment with the Δcsp1 strain compared to the wild type. Transmission electron microscopy imaging revealed that Δcsp1 had reduced pili compared to the wild type and complemented strains. The Δcsp1 strain also showed reduced survival after long term growth, in vitro. Since Csp1 binds DNA and RNA, its influence on gene expression was also investigated. Long-read Nanopore RNA-Seq analysis of wild type and Δcsp1 revealed changes in expression of several genes important for attachment and biofilm formation in Δcsp1. One gene of intertest,pilA1, encodes a type IV pili subunit protein and was up regulated in Δcsp1. Deleting pilA1 increased surface attachment in vitro and reduced virulence in grapevines.X. fastidiosa virulence depends on bacterial attachment to host tissue and movement within and between xylem vessels. Our results show Csp1 may play a role in both virulence and stress tolerance by influencing expression of genes important for biofilm formation.

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Investigate of the Ability of Cronobacter sakazakii Isolated from Clinical Samples of Children Under Two Years to Induce Swimming, Swarming and Biofilm

Ibn AL- Haitham Journal For Pure and Applied Science ◽

10.30526/2017.ihsciconf.1780 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 123

Author(s):

Luma Abdal Hady Zwein ◽

Tharieyt Abdulrahman Motlag ◽

Mohamed Mousa

Keyword(s):

Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽

Congo Red ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Microtiter Plate ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Cronobacter Sakazakii ◽

Yellow Color ◽

Golden Yellow ◽

Vitek 2 ◽

Biochemical Examination

The study included 200 samples were collected from children under two years included (50 samples from each of Cerebrospinal fluid, Blood, Stool and Urine) from, Central Children Hospital and Children's Protections Educational Hospital. Isolates bacterial were obtained cultural, microscopic and biochemical examination and diagnosed to the species by using vitek2 system. The results showed there were contamination in 6.5% of clinical samples. The diagnosed colonies which gave pink color on the MacConkey agar , golden yellow color on the Trypton Soy agar and green color on the Birillent Enterobacter sakazakii agar and gave a probability of 99% in the vitek 2 and were identified as Cronobacter sakazakii. The identification revealed of thirteen isolates: 6(46.16%) isolated from Cerebrospinal fluid samples, 7(53.84%) isolated from blood samples and not isolated bacteria from stool and urine samples. The results of the investigation of some virulence factors showed that all bacteria isolates were able to swimming with a diameter ranging (1-9 mm) and swarming with a diameter ranging (1-40 mm) and their ability to biofilm formation by using three methods. The results show the ability of isolates to form biofilm by using Congo red media methods where it is 12 (92.30 %) out of 13 isolated bacteria belonging to C. sakazakii able to form biofilm on the Congo red media which is 3 (23.07%) were strong production biofilm , 8 (61.53%) were intermediate production biofilm and 1 (7.69% ) were weak biofilm formation , while the 1 (7.69%) unable to form biofilm. Tubes method were all isolates were able to form biofilm, it were found that 3 (23.07%) isolates strong, and 8 (61.53%) intermediate and 2( 15.38%) weak biofilm formation. Microtiter plate method gave 5 (38.46 %) isolates strong, 6 (46.15%) intermediate and 1 (7.69%) weak biofilm formation.

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Faculty Opinions recommendation of Ehd1, a B-type response regulator in rice, confers short-day promotion of flowering and controls FT-like gene expression independently of Hd1.

Faculty Opinions – Post-Publication Peer Review of the Biomedical Literature ◽

10.3410/f.1019121.218499 ◽

2004 ◽

Author(s):

Detlef Weigel

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Response Regulator ◽

Short Day ◽

Type Response

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Influence of Inhibitors of Nucleic Acid Synthesis and Protein Synthesis on Glutamine Synthetase Gene Expression Induced by Nitrogen in Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.)

ACTA AGRONOMICA SINICA ◽

10.3724/sp.j.1006.2009.00445 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 35 (3) ◽

pp. 445-451

Author(s):

Sheng-Yong CHEN ◽

Jing HOU ◽

Cai-Feng LI ◽

Feng-Ming MA ◽

Chun-Jia YIN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Protein Synthesis ◽

Nucleic Acid ◽

Glutamine Synthetase ◽

Sugar Beet ◽

Beta Vulgaris ◽

Acid Synthesis ◽

Nucleic Acid Synthesis ◽

Glutamine Synthetase Gene

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Evidence of Browning of White Adipocytes in Poorly Survived Fat Grafts in Patients

Aesthetic Surgery Journal ◽

10.1093/asj/sjab165 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tong Liu ◽

Su Fu ◽

Qian Wang ◽

Hao Cheng ◽

Dali Mu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Uncoupling Protein ◽

Fold Increase ◽

Fat Grafting ◽

Electronic Microscopy ◽

Uncoupling Protein 1 ◽

Fat Transfer ◽

Flap Transfer ◽

Fat Grafts ◽

White Adipocytes

Abstract Background Browning adipocytes induced by burn and cancer were assumed less viable and more prone to necrosis for their hypermetabolic properties. Recent studies have shown browning of white adipose after fat engraftment in mice. Objectives We tend to evaluate whether fat transfer could induce browning biogenesis in fat grafts in humans and if it is associated with graft necrosis. Methods Necrotic adipose grafts were excised from 11 patients diagnosed with fat necrosis after fat grafting or flap transfer. Non-necrotic fat grafts were from 5 patients undergoing revisionary surgeries after flap transfer. Histology and electronic microscopy, protein and gene expression of browning related marker analyses were performed. Results Fat grafts with necrosis demonstrated a higher gene expression level of uncoupling protein-1 (>5-fold increase, **p<0.01), a master beige adipocyte marker, than non-necrotic fat grafts. Electronic microscopy and histology showed that browning adipocytes were presented in necrotic adipose in patients. Conclusions Fat transfer induced browning adipocytes in patients and was evident in patients with post grafting necrosis.

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Adhesion Behaviour of Primary Human Osteoblasts and Fibroblasts on Polyether Ether Ketone Compared with Titanium under In Vitro Lipopolysaccharide Incubation

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma12172739 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (17) ◽

pp. 2739 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Korbinian Benz ◽

Andreas Schöbel ◽

Marisa Dietz ◽

Peter Maurer ◽

Jochen Jackowski

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Protein Level ◽

Binding Protein ◽

Sem Images ◽

Human Osteoblasts ◽

Polyether Ether Ketone ◽

Primary Human Osteoblasts ◽

Titanium Surfaces ◽

Ether Ketone

The aim of this in vitro pilot study was to analyse the adhesion behaviour of human osteoblasts and fibroblasts on polyether ether ketone (PEEK) when compared with titanium surfaces in an inflammatory environment under lipopolysaccharide (LPS) incubation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of primary human osteoblasts/fibroblasts on titanium/PEEK samples were created. The gene expression of the LPS-binding protein (LBP) and the LPS receptor (toll-like receptor 4; TLR4) was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Immunocytochemistry was used to obtain evidence for the distribution of LBP/TLR4 at the protein level of the extra-cellular-matrix-binding protein vinculin and the actin cytoskeleton. SEM images revealed that the osteoblasts and fibroblasts on the PEEK surfaces had adhesion characteristics comparable to those of titanium. The osteoblasts contracted under LPS incubation and a significantly increased LBP gene expression were detected. This was discernible at the protein level on all the materials. Whereas no increase of TLR4 was detected with regard to mRNA concentrations, a considerable increase in the antibody reaction was detected on all the materials. As is the case with titanium, the colonisation of human osteoblasts and fibroblasts on PEEK samples is possible under pro-inflammatory environmental conditions and the cellular inflammation behaviour towards PEEK is lower than that of titanium.

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Growth, Development, and Gene Expression in a Persistent Streptococcus gordonii Biofilm

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.71.8.4759-4766.2003 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 71 (8) ◽

pp. 4759-4766 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Keeta S. Gilmore ◽

Pravina Srinivas ◽

Darrin R. Akins ◽

Kenneth L. Hatter ◽

Michael S. Gilmore

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Bacterial Population ◽

Morphological Changes ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Nutrient Flux ◽

Gene Expression Patterns ◽

Significant Shift ◽

Streptococcus Gordonii ◽

Growth Development

ABSTRACT A model for the protracted (30-day) colonization of smooth surfaces by Streptococcus gordonii that incorporates the nutrient flux that occurs in the oral cavity was developed. This model was used to characterize the biphasic expansion of the adherent bacterial population, which corresponded with the emergence of higher-order architectures characteristic of biofilms. Biofilm formation by S. gordonii was observed to be influenced by the presence of simple sugars including sucrose, glucose, and fructose. Real-time PCR was used to quantify changes in expression of S. gordonii genes known or thought to be involved in biofilm formation. Morphological changes were accompanied by a significant shift in gene expression patterns. The majority of S. gordonii genes examined were observed to be downregulated in the biofilm phase. Genes found to be upregulated in the biofilm state were observed to encode products related to environmental sensing and signaling.

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