scholarly journals Effect of methotrexate and vitamin A on NOR expression in seminiferous tubules of Wistar rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (03) ◽  
pp. 171-176
Author(s):  
D. Reghunathan ◽  
K. Bhat ◽  
K. Bairy ◽  
B. Murlimanju ◽  
A. Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Group Vi ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Abstract Introduction: The histopathology and expression of nucleolar organizing regions (NORs), of seminiferous tubules was studied after the administration of methotrexate (MTX) and vitamin A (VA). Objective of the study was to test if the NOR count increases or decreases with different doses of MTX. Material and Methods: Male Wistar rats aged 4 months, maintained in our institution were used in the present study. The rats were divided into following groups, group I - control (saline treated), group II - animals treated with 8 mg of MTX, group III - animals treated with 10 mg of MTX, group IV - animals treated with 12 mg of MTX, group V - animals treated with VA (5000 IU), Group VI - animals treated with VA (5000 IU) and MTX (12 mg). Results: The animals treated with MTX showed significant decrease in the diameter of seminiferous tubules and increase in interstitial space. The spermatogenesis was not complete in some tubules. When MTX was given with VA, the damage done by MTX was decreased. There was an overall numerical decrease in the total NOR count from the control to 12 mg dose MTX. The total count included small, medium and large sized NORs. Conclusion: Higher the dose of MTX, lesser the NOR count and lesser the irregularity of NORs. However VA co-administration reduces the damage produced by MTX. We believe that indings of the present study might be useful in understanding the long term effect of MTX and its adverse effects.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Effects of Graded Doses of Polyphenolic-Rich Fraction of Garcinia kola Seeds on Pituitary–Testicular Axis of Male Wistar Rats

Dose-Response ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 155932581772926 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mosunmola Busayo Omotola ◽  
Isaac O. Adeosun ◽  
Efere M. Obuotor ◽  
Rufus O. Akomolafe ◽  
Olugbenga A. Ayannuga
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Sodium Arsenate ◽  
Group V ◽  
Garcinia Kola ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Cervical Dislocation

This study evaluated the ameliorative and prophylactic effects of 2 different doses of polyphenolic-rich fraction of Garcinia kola (PPRF Gk) seeds on the histology and hormones of pituitary–testicular axis of male Wistar rats. Thirty-five male Wistar rats (150-200 g) were divided into 7 groups of 5 rats each. Groups I and II were given distilled water (0.5 mL/day) for 8 days followed by propylene glycol (0.2 mL/d) and 600 mg/kg of PPRF Gk, respectively, for 21 days. Group III received sodium arsenate (8 days), left untreated for 21 days. Groups IV and V received sodium arsenate (20 mg/kg) for 8 days followed by PPRF Gk (300 and 600 mg/kg, respectively) for 21 days. Groups VI and VII received PPRF Gk (300 and 600 mg/kg, respectively) for 21 days followed by sodium arsenate (20 mg/kg) for 8 days. Rats were killed by cervical dislocation 24 hours after the last dose and their blood collected through cardiac puncture. Blood sera were assayed for the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone using immunoassay techniques. Histology of the pituitary gland and testes was carried out. A significant reduction was observed in the concentration of FSH in groups IV, V, VI, and VII in comparison with groups I and II. The concentrations of both LH and testosterone showed significant decreases in groups IV, V, VI, and VII in comparison with group I. Group III presented with the lowest serum hormonal concentrations. Photomicrographs of the pituitary gland revealed greatly reduced basophils in group III and mildly reduced basophils in groups IV, VI, and VII in comparison with groups I and II. Group V revealed hypercellularized and distorted basophils. Photomicrographs of the testes showed detachment of the seminiferous tubules from the basement membrane and disruption of the interstitial space which was worse in group III, moderate in groups V and VI, and mild in group VII. In conclusion, PPRF Gk effected a dose-dependent reversal and prevention of the perturbations caused by arsenate in rats.

scholarly journals Effect of Cinnamaldehyde on Female Reproductive Hormones in 7, 12 Dimethyl Benzanthracene Induced Ovarian Cancer Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 346-350
Author(s):  
Madhuri Boggiti
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Reproductive Hormones ◽  
Group Vi ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I

Abstract: Ovarian cancer is the deadliest type of cancer in women. It is often presented at an advanced stage and has a poor prognosis. The current treatment methods for this tumor are not safe and have serious side effects. It has been suggested that the use of steroids for hormonal purposes is linked to the development of ovarian cancer. The current study aims to investigate the effects of cinnamaldehyde on these hormones. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of cinnamaldehyde on the reproductive hormones of rats after being induced to develop ovarian cancer. Cinnamaldehyde is an active compound that has been used in Asia for over 4000 years. Cinnamaldehyde has different biological activities including antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, antiviral, antioxidant, antitumor were reported by many investigators. In the present study, animals were randomly allocated into VI groups: Group -I served as a control with normal water and group-II was drug control (50 mg/kg b. w) rats received only cinnamaldehyde orally for 36 weeks. The rats in group III were given a single dose of 7,12 Dimethyl benzanthracene (100 µg/rat) dissolved in 10 µL of sesame oil to surgically exposed left ovary and maintained up to 36 weeks to initiate ovarian carcinogenesis. Group IV rats received DMBA + cinnamaldehyde 50 mg/kg b. w (before starting the experiment and continued up to 24 weeks). Group V rats received DMBA + cinnamaldehyde 50 mg/kg b. w (25-36 weeks). Group VI rats received DMBA + cinnamaldehyde 50 mg/kg b. w (1-36 weeks). Serum levels of Estrogen, progesterone, LH, FSH were estimated using ELISA. The results showed that significant increase in serum level of Estrogen, LH, FSH, and decreased progesterone in only DMBA treated group when compared with control groups. Also, there was a significant decrease in serum levels of Estrogen, LH, FSH, and increased progesterone in cinnamaldehyde treated groups (dose-dependent) when compared to only DMBA treated group. The results of the present study suggested that cinnamaldehyde has anticancer activity and further investigations are needed for evaluating the anticancer potential and mechanism of its action. Keywords: Cinnamaldehyde, DMBA, Ovarian cancer, Reproductive hormones.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Effects of Different Doses of Vitamin B2 and Single Dose of Vitamin B12 Against Myelosuppression Induced by Cyclophosphamide in Experimental Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-142
Author(s):  
Waleed K. Ghanim ◽  
Nada N. Al-Shawi
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vitamin B2 ◽  
Group Vi ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group Ii

Cyclophosphamide is chemotherapeutic agent that utilized for the treatment of different malignancies; however its’ used associated with numerous adverse effects. Vitamin B2 and vitamin B12 suggested having myeloprotective effect. This work is designed to investigate the myeloprotective effect of both vitamins against cyclophosphamide induced myelosuppression. One hundred adult rats of both sexes were used in this study. The animals were randomly enrolled into ten groups of 10 rats each. Group I: Control group. Group II: Cyclophosphamide-treated. Group III and Group IV Orally-administered vitamin B2 (10, and 40 mg/kg/day), respectively alone for 7 days. Group V: Orally-administered vitamin B12 (0.1 mg/kg/day) alone for 7 days. Group VI and Group VII: Orally-administered vitamin B2 (10, and 40 mg/kg/day), respectively for 7 days and a single IP injection of cyclophosphamide (150 mg/kg) at day 7.Group VIII: Orally-administered vitamin B12 (0.1 mg/kg/day) for 7 days and a single IP injection of cyclophosphamide (150 mg/kg) at day 7. Group IX: Orally-administered a combination of vitamin B2 (10 mg/kg/day) and vitamin B12 (0.1 mg/kg/day) for 7 days and a single IP injection of cyclophosphamide (150 mg/kg) at day 7. Group X: orally-administered a combination of vitamin B2 (40 mg/kg/day) and vitamin B12 (0.1 mg/kg/day) for 7 days and a single IP injection of cyclophosphamide (150 mg/kg) at day 7. On day eight, animals were sacrificed and blood collected for CBCs and femur bone were extracted for bone marrow histological examination. Vitamin B2 and vitamin B12 significantly (P<0.05) increase CBCs; and the combination of vitamins produce -a significant (P<0.05) increase in CBCs compared to corresponding counts in other Groups, and -improve histopathological changes compared to Group II rats. In conclusion both vitamins may have myeloprotective effects against cyclophosphamide-induced myelosuppression.

scholarly journals Changes in the Seminiferous Epithelium of the Testes during Postnatal Development in Assam Goat

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Kamal Sarma ◽  
J. Devi
Keyword(s):  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Seminiferous Epithelium ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Group Vi ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Sustentacular Cells ◽  
Group I ◽  
Tubular Lumen

The present work is conducted to elucidate the postnatal development of the seminiferous epithelium of the testes of the Assam goats from 0 day to 10 months of age. A total of eighteen Assam goats divided into six age groups, namely, group-I (0-day), group-II (2 months), group-III (4 months), group-IV (6 months), group-V (8 months), and group-VI (10 months), consisting of 3 animals in each group were used in this study. The seminiferous tubules did not have lumina up to the age of 2 months, hence called the sex cords, and these contained centrally placed gonocytes and peripherally located sustentacular cells. Initiation of spermatogenesis started in 4-month old kids. Luminization process was completed by 6 months of age with all the seminiferous tubuyes having well-developed lumina at this age. These seminiferous tubules contained all the spermatogenic cells of the adult testis. Onset of puberty was observed to be established at 6 months of age in the Assam goats as evidenced by presence of spermatozoa adhering to the adluminal border of the Sertoli cells as well as in the tubular lumen. The histomorphology of various cells of the seminiferous epithelium has been described.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECT OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF PHYSALI IXOCARPA AGAINST RIFAMPICIN-ISONIAZID INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY IN WISTAR RATS

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
N Delhiraj ◽  
M K Jaganathan ◽  
A R Vijayakumar
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Histopathological Studies ◽  
Tuberculosis Therapy

The liver is the primary organ that metabolizes the majority of the drug. Toxicity caused by these drugs to the liver is called hepatotoxicity. Hepatotoxicity is a major concern in tuberculosis therapy, especially Rifampicin - Isoniazid (R-H). Studies showed that these drugs induce oxidative stress in the liver. This study attempts to determine whether the ethanolic extract of Physalis ixocarpa (EEPI) protects against R-H induced hepatotoxicity in adult male Wistar rats. Adult male Wistar rats were divided into five groups (each group n=6 animals). Group I, control treated with normal saline (5ml/kg, b/w, p.o.). Group II, Hepatotoxicity induced by combination of R-H (each 50mg/kg, i.p.) administered up to 14 days. Group III and IV, EEPI (100 mg/kg & 200 mg/kg, b/w) were administered orally one hour before the R-H inducing agent up to 14 days. Group V, Silymarin (25 mg /kg, b/w., p.o.) was served as standard. After 14th days animals were allowed fast overnight and blood was collected through orbital puncture and animal was sacrificed then liver tissue was collected for biochemical analysis and histopathological studies. Our results show a significant reduction in the level of alkaline phosphate (ALP), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and total bilirubin. Treatment with EEPI also showed a significant increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes and decreased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver. EEPI also reduced the macrovesicular steatosis and ballooning caused by the R-H. The present study demonstrates that administration of ethanolic extract of Physalis ixocarpa ameliorating hepatoprotective activity as evidenced by the biochemical and histopathological parameters.

scholarly journals Role of the vitamin C in diethylnitrosamine-induced esophageal cancer in Wistar rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Almino Cardoso Ramos ◽  
Marina Rachel Araujo ◽  
Luiz Roberto Lopes ◽  
Nelson Adami Andreollo
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Group Vi ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Esophageal Carcinogenesis

PURPOSE: To evaluate the inhibitory effect of vitamin C on the experimental esophageal carcinogenesis induced by diethylnitrosamine (NDEA). METHODS: Sixty Wistar male rats aged three months, with mean weight of 210 g were employed in the study and were divided into four different groups according to the drinking drugs: group I - controls: only water, seven days a week; group II - only vitamin C, seven days a week; group III - NDEA, three days a week and water during the other four days; group IV - NDEA, three days a week and vitamin C during the other four days; group V - NDEA together with vitamin C three days a week, and only water during the other four days and group VI - NDEA together with vitamin C three days a week and vitamin C during the other four days. The dosages of NDEA were: - 10 mg. / Kg / day and vitamin C - 200 mg / animal / day, dissolved in drinking water. The animals were observed during 180 days and after that each one was sacrificed and its esophagus and the stomach were removed together and macro and microscopically analyzed to identify any tumors. RESULTS: The largest number of tumors was observed in the group III: 48 macroscopic lesions (4.8 lesions per animal) and 23 microscopic lesions (2.3 lesions per animal). The groups that received vitamin C (groups IV, V and VI) showed smaller number of tumors: group V - 0.5 macroscopic lesions and 0.3 microscopic lesions per animal and group VI - 0.1 macroscopic lesions and 0.1 microscopic lesions per animal. The incidence of tumors in the groups V and VI showed statistical significance (p<0.05), when compared to the other groups. CONCLUSION: The vitamin C administered together with diethylnitrosamine showed an inhibitory effect on the experimental esophageal carcinogenesis in Wistar rats.

scholarly journals Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective Effects of Irradiated Chicory Root on Liver Necrosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Salary ◽  
Abdollah Ramzani Ghara ◽  
Fereshteh Ezzati Ghadi ◽  
Kourosh Bamdad
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Liver Necrosis ◽  
Group Vi ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Chicory Root ◽  
Group I ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Background: Gamma irradiation has been recognized as a reliable and safe method for improving the bio-components of plants. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of irradiated chicory root extract on liver necrosis. Methods: Twenty-four adult male Wistar rats were divided equally into six treatment groups: Group I) Control, Group II) CCl4, Group III) CCl4 + irradiated chicory root extract, Group IV) CCl4 + chicory root extract, Group V) irradiated chicory root extract, and Group VI) chicory root extract. Animals were treated for four weeks. At the end of the study, catalase, SOD, lipid peroxidation, ALT, AST, histopathology, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) were evaluated. Results: The results showed that the elevated levels of LPO, ALT, and AST in the CCl4 group decreased due to irradiated chicory and chicory root extract. Also, molecular changes and abnormalities in liver tissue improved due to irradiated chicory and chicory root extract. Moreover, the results showed that irradiated chicory roots were more effective than non-irradiated chicory. Conclusions: In conclusion, gamma-ray can increase the bioactive components of chicory root and is more effective in the scavenging of free radicals that cause liver necrosis in CCl4-treated rats.

scholarly journals Azathioprine and Methotrexate impaired the morphology and functions of the testes in adult wistar rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (02) ◽  
pp. 075-081
Author(s):  
A. Akinlolu ◽  
O. Akinola ◽  
P. Khobe ◽  
K. Obasi ◽  
O. Dada
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Group I ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Dose Dependent

Abstract Introduction: AAzathioprine and Methotrexate are both used in the treatment of cancer; and are classified as cytotoxic drugs with reported adverse effects such as oxidative damage to the DNA/RNA, the testes and sperm cells. This study, therefore, tested the hypothesis that AAzathioprine and Methotrexate administrations impair the morphology and functions of the testes in adult male wistar rats. Methods: AAzathioprine (50-150mg per day) and Methotrexate (2.5mg per week) are used in the treatment of cancer in adult Man. We tested the hypothesis that AAzathioprine and Methotrexate impair the morphology and functions of testes in rats. Forty adult male wistar rats (150-230g) were employed in the study: Control Group I received physiological saline while Experimental Groups II - V received oral administrations of 5mg/kg/bodyweight of AAzathioprine per day, 15mg/kg/bodyweight of AAzathioprine per day, 8mg/kg/bodyweight of Methotrexate per week and 20mg/kg/bodyweight of Methotrexate per week respectively for 35 days. Results: Histological examinations of the testes of rats of Groups II - V showed dose-dependent morphological anomalies such as fewer collagen ibers of connective tissues, disrupted seminiferous tubules and scanty spermatozoa when compared to rats of Group I. Statistical analyses showed dose-dependent elevated levels (P≤0.05) of superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde in testes homogenates of rats of Groups II - V when compared to rats of Group I. This implied increased oxidative stress in rats of Groups II - V. Evaluations of Follicle Stimulating Hormone and Testosterone showed dose-dependent significantly elevated levels (P≤0.05) in rats of Groups II - V when compared to rats of Group I. Conclusions: Our findings are consistent with the stated hypothesis.

scholarly journals Effect of a Diet Composed of Genetically Modified Feed Components on the Selected Immune Parameters in Pigs, Cattle, and Poultry

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dariusz Bednarek ◽  
Katarzyna Dudek ◽  
Krzysztof Kwiatek ◽  
Małgorzata Świątkiewicz ◽  
Sylwester Świątkiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Group Vi ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Immune Parameters ◽  
Group I ◽  
Toxin Protein ◽  
Gm Soybean

Abstract The aim of the study was to evaluate the immune effects of genetically modified (GM), insect resistant corn (MON810) expressing toxin protein of Bacillus thuringiensis, and glyphosate-tolerant soybean meal (Roundup Ready MON-40-30-2), which are used as the feed mixture components in domestic animals. The study was conducted on 60 pigs (36 fatteners and 24 sows), 20 calves, 40 broilers, and 40 laying hens. Each species was divided into four basic nutritional groups: group I (control) - conventional feed, group II - feed consisted of GM soybean meal and non-modified corn, group III - non-modified soybean meal and GM corn, group IV - GM soybean meal and GM corn. Moreover, in the experiment on fatteners two additional groups were formed: group V - animals fed both conventional soybean meal and bruised grain, and group VI - GM soybean meal and conventional bruised grain. The results of study did not reveal any significant effect of feed mixtures containing GM components on the immune response in all animals regardless of their species and technological producing groups.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Apical Sealing Ability of Different Obturation Techniques by Confocal Microscopy: An In Vitro Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
Reetu Arora ◽  
Yogesh Kumar ◽  
Neetu Jindal ◽  
Renu Aggarwal ◽  
Kavneet Takhar
Keyword(s):  
Root Canal ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group Vi ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I

Abstract Introduction The aim of obturation in the root canal is to completely seal the canal space to eliminate all the portals of entry and exit between root canal and periodontal space. Various techniques have been developed to achieve a hermetic seal. Materials and Methods As many as 150 extracted human maxillary central incisors were taken for the study. Biomechanical preparation was done up to F5 protaper file. According to different obturation techniques, samples were divided into six groups, keeping 30 samples in experimental and 15 samples in control groups. Group I–Lateral Condensation, Group II–Thermafil, Group III–Beefill, Group IV–GuttaFlow, Group V–Positive Control group, Group VI–Negative Control group. After obturation, the samples were immersed in 2% Rhodamine-B dye for 24 hours. Each sample was longitudinally sectioned to examine under confocal laser scanning microscope. Statistical Analysis The results were evaluated with ANOVA and posthoc Tukey honest significant difference (HSD) comparison test. Results The mean values of dye penetration of different groups were Group I (Lateral Condensation) 1.51 ± 0.451, Group II (Thermafil) 0.918 ± 0.399, Group III (Beefill) 1.30 ± 0.559. Group IV (GuttaFlow) 0.655 ± 0.396, Group V (Positive Control group) 1.96 ±0.046, Group VI (Negative Control group) 0 ± 0. The lowest mean value of apical microleakage was found in GuttaFlow amongst all experimental groups. Conclusion It can be concluded that the GuttaFlow obturating material exhibited better apical sealing ability with canal walls.

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