Communicative rationality

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Dews
Keyword(s):  
Speech Act ◽  
Correct Result ◽  
Communicative Rationality ◽  
Validity Claim ◽  
Political Tradition ◽  
Ideal Speech Situation ◽  
Ideal Situation ◽  
Validity Claims ◽  
The Status ◽  
Speech Situation

The concept of ‘communicative rationality’ is primarily associated with the work of the philosopher and social theorist Jürgen Habermas. According to Habermas, communication through language necessarily involves the raising of ‘validity-claims’ (distinguished as ‘truth’, ‘rightness’ and ‘sincerity’), the status of which, when contested, can ultimately only be resolved through discussion. Habermas further contends that speakers of a language possess an implicit knowledge of the conditions under which such discussion would produce an objectively correct result, and these he has spelled out in terms of the features of an egalitarian ‘ideal speech situation’. Communicative rationality refers to the capacity to engage in argumentation under conditions approximating to this ideal situation (‘discourse’, in Habermas’ terminology), with the aim of achieving consensus. Habermas relies on the concept of communicative rationality to argue that democratic forms of social organization express more than simply the preferences of a particular cultural and political tradition. In his view, we cannot even understand a speech-act without taking a stance towards the validity-claim it raises, and this stance in turn anticipates the unconstrained discussion which would resolve the status of the claim. Social and political arrangements which inhibit such discussion can therefore be criticized from a standpoint which does not depend on any specific value-commitments, since for Habermas achieving agreement (Verständigung) is a ‘telos’ or goal which is internal to human language as such. A similar philosophical programme has also been developed by Karl-Otto Apel, who lays more stress on the ‘transcendental’ features of the argumentation involved.

scholarly journals Measuring Credibility Perceptions in CSR Communication: A Scale Development to Test Readers’ Perceived Credibility of CSR Reports

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 584-613 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Lock ◽  
Peter Seele
Keyword(s):  
Scale Development ◽  
Delphi Study ◽  
Csr Communication ◽  
Perceived Credibility ◽  
Ideal Speech Situation ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Validity Claims ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
Nomological Validity ◽  
Speech Situation

Credibility is central to communication but often jeopardized by “credibility gaps.” This is especially true for communication about corporate social responsibility (CSR). To date, no tool has been available to analyze stakeholders’ credibility perceptions of CSR communication. This article presents a series of studies conducted to develop a scale to assess the perceived credibility of CSR reports, one of CSR communication’s most important tools. The scale provides a novel operationalization of credibility using validity claims of Habermas’s ideal speech situation as subdimensions. The scale development process, carried out in five studies including a literature review, a Delphi study, and three validation studies applying confirmatory factor analysis, resulted in the 16-item Perceived Credibility (PERCRED) scale. The scale shows convergent, discriminant, concurrent, and nomological validity and is the first validated measure for analyzing credibility perceptions of CSR reports.

TINDAK TUTUR ILOKUSI SANDIAGA UNO DALAM TALKSHOW MATA NAJWA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Yulianah Prihatin
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
Functional Unit ◽  
Note Taking ◽  
Talk Show ◽  
In Trans ◽  
Speech Situation

The purpose of this article is to find out the illocutionary speech acts of Sandiaga Uno in the mata najwa talk show in TRANS 7 based on the form and type. The data obtained by the author comes from the utterances spoken by Sandiaga Uno in the Mata Najwa talk show on TRANS 7 which is re-aired on Najwa Shihab's Youtube channel April 15, 2021. The author collects data using listening and note-taking techniques. A speech act is an utterance that contains action as a functional unit in communication that considers aspects of the speech situation. Speech acts are classified into three, namely locutionary speech acts, illocutionary speech acts, and perlocutionary speech acts. In this article, the writer analyzes the illocutionary speech acts. Illocutionary speech acts are speech acts that are usually interpreted with explicit performative sentences. Based on the results of data analysis, it can be concluded that the forms of illocutionary speech acts obtained are declarative and imperative forms. While the types of illocutionary speech acts obtained are assertive, directive, and expressive.

scholarly journals Contrastive Pragmatics: Apologies & Thanks in English and Italian

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Cuneyt Demir ◽  
Mehmet Takkac
Keyword(s):  
Social Action ◽  
Speech Acts ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Speech Act ◽  
American English ◽  
The Status ◽  
Language Competency ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
Remedial Strategies

<p>Awareness of language or language competency has greatly changed from the focus of language itself as form and structure to language use as pragmatics. Accordingly, it is widely accepted that different cultures structure discourse in different ways. Moreover, studies have shown that this holds for discourse genres traditionally considered as highly standardized in their rituals and formulas. Taking inspiration from such studies, this paper employs a corpus-based approach to examine variations of the apology and thanking strategies used in English and Italian. First the apology itself as a form of social action is closely analyzed and then thanking. This study also pays special attention on analyzing and contrasting apology and thanking strategies in American English and in Italian in terms of Marion Owen’s remedial strategies (Owen, 1983), and Olshtain &amp; Cohen’s semantic formulas in the apology speech act set (Olshtain &amp; Cohen, 1983). The purpose of the study is not only to compare apology and thanking speech acts but to also learn their contextual use. The findings suggest that the status and role of the situation affect the speakers’ choice of apology and thanking strategies, and semantic formulas are of great importance.</p>

scholarly journals SYNTACTIC AND SEMANTIC ANALYSIS OF COGNATE WORD COMBINATIONS IN THE ENGLISH AND UZBEK LANGUAGES

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-71
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Structural Models ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Speech Activity ◽  
The Status ◽  
Functional Features ◽  
Root Word ◽  
Linguistic Units ◽  
Speech Situation

This article describes the derivational potential of root word combinations belonging to the noun, adjective and verb groups in the English and Uzbek languages and their grammatical functional features on the basis of comparative-typological, comparative and distributive methods at the lexical and syntactic levels of the language. Structural models of derivation of verbs, nouns and adjectives in the English and Uzbek languages and their features are considered based on component analysis, as well as morphological factors that ensure the completeness of derivation, their distinctive and similar features in both languages, the role and importance in the formation of verbal compounds is analyzed in detail. The article also identifies the factors that ensure the transposition of root verbs, nouns and adjectives in English and Uzbek, and describes their structural-functional and contextual-semantic analysis at the required level. Until today’s period of development of linguistics, many problematic processes related to the language system have been studied and researched. This situation can be observed both in the context of world linguistics and in the context of Uzbek linguistics. Linguistics, like all sciences, is constantly evolving. Due to this, it is natural that there are still problematic processes in this sphere today. The fact that the phenomenon of derivation less researched in the context of root words can be related to such problems, because in both English and Uzbek linguistics the problem of derivation of root words is not studied at the required level. Any new word that exists in a language takes its initial form from speech, and thus the speech dependence of the word formed ends, because the next life of a derived word goes on in a language. That is, the derived word takes its place in the paradigm of its own analogical forms after being tested in social speech activity for a certain period of time. Only derivatives that have fully passed such tests will receive the status of a language unit and, like their other paradigms, will begin to function as a means of enriching the language with new constructions. It is well known that the derivational sequence of linguistic units cannot be fully understood only on the basis of grammatical research, because word formation in its extralinguistic basis is a product of speech activity. Since related words are considered not as a finished product of the language, but as a product of speech, since they are artificial words, in speech they are activated only in the form in which they are adapted for communication. In some places, depending on the need for speech, we can also observe cases where two or more related words are involved in the process of communication or in context. In this article, the works of English and Uzbek writers are selected as a source, as well as the degree of influence of the speech situation of both languages on the choice of words is studied and scientifically substantiated on the examples taken for analysis. As a result of syntactic-semantic analysis of root word combinations in the English language, on the basis of a detailed analysis, it was shown that root words can be combined with other words in speech, forming various models.

scholarly journals TINDAK TUTUR PERMINTAAN DALAM BAHASA INDONESIA DI KALANGAN MAHASISWA

Diksi ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ari Listiyorini
Keyword(s):  
Speech Act ◽  
Special Functions ◽  
Cultural Background ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Form Function ◽  
Indirect Requests ◽  
Speech Situation ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia ◽  
Made In

This study aims to describe the speech act of requests in Indonesian, theirdeterminant factors, and their special functions. The data sources were spoken requests bystudents. The data were collected by taping them and were analyzed by grouping them andinterpreting them contextually. The results show that there are direct and indirect requests.Direct requests are made in imperatives, and indirect requests are made in statements orquestions. Sometimes a combination of an imperative and a question and that of a questionand a question are employed in requests. Politeness in requests is marked by certainexpressions, such as tolong, ayo/yo/yok/yuk, mari, coba, maaf and mohon. The socialcontext influencing the choice of requests includes the intimacy of the speaker andinterlocutor, the speech situation, the age difference between the speaker and interlocutor,and the speaker’s cultural background. The special functions of requests include that ofasking for or borrowing an object, of asking the interlocutor to do something, ofwelcoming, of inviting, and of prohibiting.Keywords: speech act, form, function, politeness

Deconstructing the Politics of Identity and Representation in Cyberspace

2011 ◽  
pp. 395-407
Author(s):  
Mustafa Yunus Eryaman
Keyword(s):  
Online Education ◽  
Virtual Space ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Politics Of Identity ◽  
Racial Identities ◽  
Ideal Speech Situation ◽  
Online Spaces ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Political Realm ◽  
Speech Situation

The term cyberspace has come to represent the virtual space in which people surf the Web, send and receive email, chat with strangers, or instant message their friends. As people’s lives become increasingly entangled with these technologies, understanding how gender, sexual, and racial identities are negotiated in online spaces becomes important to understanding the Internet as a social and political space. To uncover how individuals make sense of race, class, sexual, and gender identities in cyberspace, this chapter explores how they construct and reproduce cyberspace as a social and political realm. Specifically, drawing on Habermas’ theory of ideal speech situation (1988) and Bakhtin’s notion of heteroglossia (1973, 1984), the analysis deconstructs how race, class, and gender are performed in cyberspace and how corresponding inequalities are created and upheld in this space. It also explores the ways in which online education might help individuals to actively disrupt social, racial, and gender inequalities in both their online and offline communities.

Negotiating Ethics as a Two Level Debate

1998 ◽  
pp. 254-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert van Es
Keyword(s):  
Human Behavior ◽  
Moral Behavior ◽  
Discourse Ethic ◽  
Moral Agents ◽  
Ideal Speech Situation ◽  
Moral Debate ◽  
Common Understanding ◽  
Speech Situation ◽  
The Ideal

As a form of moral debate, discourse ethic, according to Habermas, is based on regulated discussion. Participating moral agents share a common understanding in the ideal speech situation. Following procedures they try to reach consensus on questions of justice and rights. Critics of discourse ethic point to the bias of Western assumptions regarding agents and methods, the danger of elitism, and the optimism and the pacifism that run through the theory. After modification, Habermas distinguishes two types of discourse: the discourse of justification and the discourse of application. The second is inferior to the first. In the second, there is room for negotiating. There is another way of looking at negotiation, one that takes negotiating seriously as an important category of human behavior. This category shows an interesting overlap with moral behavior. Distinguishing four concepts of negotiating and using reciprocity and trust as the moral minimum, Negotiating Ethics is presented as a two level moral debate, close to Habermas but morally different in essential aspects.

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