Mandeville, Bernard (1670–1733)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.M. Goldsmith
Keyword(s):  
Human Society ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
Commercial Society ◽  
Strict Criterion ◽  
Economic Concept ◽  
Gradual Development

Bernard Mandeville’s Fable of the Bees (1714) scandalized contemporaries by arguing that the flourishing commercial society they valued depended on vices they denounced. It resulted not only from the complementary satisfaction of appetites but was also based upon pride, envy and shame, which Mandeville traced to ‘self-liking’. Numerous individuals, driven by their own desires, acted independently to produce goods which required extensive, cooperative operations – an idea central to the economic concept of a market. Mandeville initially appeared to credit ‘skilful politicians’ with originating morality and society. However, in defending and expounding his views, he set out ‘conjectural histories’ of the gradual development of many complex social activities and institutions, including language and society itself, thereby denying that they had been invented by public spirited heroes. Throughout his works, Mandeville adopted a strict criterion of virtue, repeatedly denying that he was advocating, rather than exposing, the vices he identified as inherent in human society.

scholarly journals Perspectives of Circular Economy in Romanian Space

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 6819
Author(s):  
Horațiu Vermeșan ◽  
Alexandrina Mangău ◽  
Ancuța-Elena Tiuc
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Economic Model ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Real Economy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Concept ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Circular Model ◽  
Selection Of

The circular economy (CE) is a popular concept in the European Union (EU) space, which has been the subject of numerous research and substantiation activities. In the last years, there has been a growing interest in Romania regarding the characteristics of this new economic model and the principles on which it works. Referring to Romanian specialized literature currently available regarding the submitted topic, we consider that the theoretical part is insufficiently structured. In addition, by pointing out the applicability of the circular economy in Romanian space, we consider this to be represented mainly by the fragility of its effective and practical implementation. The examples of Romanian successes in the field of circular economy are limited, a fact that can be explained—from our perspective—through the aspect that in other EU countries, the process of development of CE has some precedents, a stronger background and a ”self-constructed” history in the topic. There is undoubtedly a necessity for adopting this new economic model, considering that, for the most part, Romanian economy is still dependent on the linear economic system. Starting from these arguments, the proposed article uses a thematic debate of the notion of circular economy, presenting, at the beginning, an incursion into the predominantly European variety of theoretical approaches. The selection of definitions and conceptualization is continued with an analysis of the stage of implementation of CE in Romania. The purpose of this approach is to investigate a niche identified in the Romanian space, not covered in the specialized scientific research and to expose the specificity of the process of transition of Romania to a circular economy, of the barriers encountered—namely, the problem related to the attitude and mentality regarding this new concept. We also point out that the intention of the study is to integrate a ”different” contemporary and very current economic concept into a real economy, and at the same time, to increase the visibility of its application at the level of a member country of the EU. The challenges encountered in the context of the increasingly present tendency in Romania of assimilating and complying with the precepts of the circular economy are also detailed, proposing, at the end of the study suggestions for improving the gaps identified at this level. The most realistic implementation of the circular model in Romania represents a qualitative plus for the human-society factor, as well as for the environment. In conclusion, we note that, despite the evolution of the number of theoretical approaches and concerns, the field of circular economy and the perspectives it proposes, continues to offer a favorable ground for further research.

scholarly journals The Scale, Logic and Structure of Intra-urban Place Communities Based on Place Niche Theory

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Xie ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Xiao Chen
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Industrial Clusters ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Niche Theory ◽  
Urban Place ◽  
Spatial Agglomeration ◽  
Economic Concept ◽  
Human World

Abstract Spatial agglomeration phenomena on the earth's surface permeate in various fields of the natural and human world, yet their researches in human society are relatively few with the focus mainly on the economic concept of "industrial clusters". Precise quantitative descriptions, in-depth logical analyses and overall systematic explanations are lacked in various intra-urban spatial agglomeration phenomena. Using over 10 million POIs in the mainland China, 18 grid network models of 9 grid scales based on two kinds of spatial relationships (co-location/adjacent) are constructed in this article. 23 typical place communities are extracted based on complex network analysis, and four types including 11 sub-categories of agglomeration patterns are summarized. Drawing on the concept of "ecological niche", we further propose the theory of "place niche" and analyze the logic and structure of intra-urban place communities within its framework. This study extends the spatial scales and dominating factors of the agglomeration phenomenon research.

scholarly journals The Novel ‘Ezharaippangali Vagaiyara’ from the Perspective of Cultural Anthropology

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-121
Author(s):  
G Lakshmi
Keyword(s):  
Life Story ◽  
Cultural Anthropology ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Oral Traditions ◽  
Human Society ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Religious Festivals ◽  
Gradual Development

‘Culture’ is the gradual development of civilization in human society. Every society has its own behaviors according to its ethnicity. Elements of culture are found in everything from spoken language, relationship levels, artefacts, arts, professions, oral traditions, religious festivals, beliefs, and rituals. They have been quoted in the literature ever since. Thus many novels tell the life story of the Islamic people. In which s. Arshia’snovel ‘Ezharaippangali Vagaiyara’ is one of them. These novels, which focus on the life of the Islamic people, reveal the culture of that community. Cultural anthropology, a branch of anthropology, is at the forefront of this modern-day study. According to the semantic and non-material elements of ‘cultural anthropology’, research is carried out on the novel of the sevenfold genre. This study is based on the idea that one can know the culture of a society in terms of the principles stated by ‘cultural anthropology’.

Research on Influencing Factors of Public Low-Carbon Consumption

2014 ◽  
Vol 1051 ◽  
pp. 627-631
Author(s):  
Hai Liang Ma ◽  
Meng Ge Li ◽  
Ze Tian
Keyword(s):  
Human Society ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Carbon Consumption ◽  
The Public ◽  
Natural Factors ◽  
Gradual Development ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Core Problem ◽  
Scientific Life

Low carbon consumption meets the needs of sustainable development of human society, and it can provide guidance for China to establish healthy, civilized, scientific life and consumption. The formation of the public low carbon consumption is gradual development process, generally divided into cognition stage, emotion stage and behavior stage. Determining the variety factors which influence low carbon products consumer behavior is the core problem that promotes the low carbon consumption of residents. According to the characteristics of each stage, social factors, natural factors, family factors, personal factors and behavior perception can be regarded as the important factors that effects on the low carbon consumption preference.

scholarly journals The identification, logic and enlightenments of intra-urban place communities in China

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xie Yang ◽  
Zhang Jie ◽  
Chen Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Driving Forces ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Industrial Clusters ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Application Process ◽  
Spatial Agglomeration ◽  
Economic Concept ◽  
Human World ◽  
The City

AbstractSpatial agglomeration phenomena on the earth permeate in various fields of the natural and human world, yet their researches in human society are relatively few with the focus mainly on the economic concept of “industrial clusters”. Precise quantitative descriptions, in-depth logical analyses and proper application approaches for urban planning are lacked in various intra-urban spatial agglomeration phenomena. By using over 10 million POIs in the mainland China, 18 grid network models with two varieties of spatial relationships (co-location/adjacent) are constructed in this article. 23 typical place communities are extracted based on complex network analysis, and four types of agglomeration driving forces are summarized. A comprehensive demonstration displaying the application process of co-location/adjacent place matrices in auxiliary decision of the implanted place types is carried out with the example of the revitalization project of Taoxichuan Area in the city of Jingdezhen.

Moyamoya Syndrome in a Child with β-Thalassemia Major

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (04) ◽  
pp. 214-216
Author(s):  
Soumya Roy
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Cerebrovascular Accident ◽  
Muscle Wasting ◽  
Thalassemia Major ◽  
Blood Transfusions ◽  
Moyamoya Syndrome ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Angiogram ◽  
Joint Contractures ◽  
Gradual Development ◽  
The Right

AbstractA 9-year-old girl patient presented with left-sided weakness and joint contractures developing over a period of 18 months. She was known to be suffering from β-thalassemia major and was on regular blood transfusions. Eighteen months ago, she had suffered from an episode of ischemic cerebrovascular accident affecting the right side of her brain. Magnetic resonance angiogram revealed vaso-occlusive disease affecting mainly the anterior cerebral circulation, resembling Moyamoya disease. She was advised to carry out regular physiotherapy but her parents discontinued it, which resulted in the gradual development of joint contractures and muscle wasting.

Direct ammonia fueled solid oxide fuel cells: A comprehensive review on challenges, opportunities and future outlooks

2020 ◽  
pp. 70-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molla Asmare ◽  
Mustafa Ilbas
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Energy Access ◽  
Green Fuel

Nowadays, the most decisive challenges we are fronting are perfectly clean energy making for equitable and sustainable modern energy access, and battling the emerging alteration of the climate. This is because, carbon-rich fuels are the fundamental supply of utilized energy for strengthening human society, and it will be sustained in the near future. In connection with this, electrochemical technologies are an emerging and domineering tool for efficiently transforming the existing scarce fossil fuels and renewable energy sources into electric power with a trivial environmental impact. Compared with conventional power generation technologies, SOFC that operate at high temperature is emerging as a frontrunner to convert the fuels chemical energy into electric power and permits the deployment of varieties of fuels with negligible ecological destructions. According to this critical review, direct ammonia is obtained as a primary possible choice and price-effective green fuel for T-SOFCs. This is because T-SOFCs have higher volumetric power density, mechanically stable, and high thermal shocking resistance. Also, there is no sealing issue problem which is the chronic issues of the planar one. As a result, the toxicity of ammonia to use as a fuel is minimized if there may be a leakage during operation. It is portable and manageable that can be work everywhere when there is energy demand. Besides, manufacturing, onboard hydrogen deposition, and transportation infrastructure connected snags of hydrogen will be solved using ammonia. Ammonia is a low-priced carbon-neutral source of energy and has more stored volumetric energy compared with hydrogen. Yet, to utilize direct NH3 as a means of hydrogen carrier and an alternative green fuel in T-SOFCs practically determining the optimum operating temperatures, reactant flow rates, electrode porosities, pressure, the position of the anode, thickness and diameters of the tube are still requiring further improvement. Therefore, mathematical modeling ought to be developed to determine these parameters before planning for experimental work. Also, a performance comparison of AS, ES, and CS- T-SOFC powered with direct NH3 will be investigated and best-performed support will be carefully chosen for practical implementation and an experimental study will be conducted for verification based on optimum parameter values obtained from numerical modeling.

Cultural Diversity and Critical Dietetics: A Scholarship of Cross-Cultural Engagement

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
Craig Alan Hassel
Keyword(s):  
Ways Of Knowing ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Knowledge Systems ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Post Colonial ◽  
Cultural Engagement ◽  
Cultural Perspectives ◽  
Culturally Different ◽  
Classical Chinese Medicine

As every human society has developed its own ways of knowing nature in order to survive, dietitians can benefit from an emerging scholarship of “cross-cultural engagement” (CCE).  CCE asks dietitians to move beyond the orthodoxy of their academic training by temporarily experiencing culturally diverse knowledge systems, inhabiting different background assumptions and presuppositions of how the world works.  Although this practice may seem de- stabilizing, it allows for significant outcomes not afforded by conventional dietetics scholarship.  First, culturally different knowledge systems including those of Africa, Ayurveda, classical Chinese medicine and indigenous societies become more empathetically understood, minimizing the distortions created when forcing conformity with biomedical paradigms.  This lessens potential for erroneous interpretations.  Second, implicit background assumptions of the dietetics profession become more apparent, enabling a more critical appraisal of its underlying epistemology.  Third, new forms of post-colonial intercultural inquiry can begin to develop over time as dietetics professionals develop capacities to reframe food and health issues from different cultural perspectives.  CCE scholarship offers dietetics professionals a means to more fully appreciate knowledge assets that lie beyond professionally maintained parameters of truth, and a practice for challenging and moving boundaries of credibility.

Lack of Tenderness: The Main Culprit for the Relationship between Husband and Wife in Lady Chatterley’s Lover

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Careful Analysis ◽  
Physical Distance ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Human Relationships ◽  
Main Culprit ◽  
Industrial Civilization ◽  
Lady Chatterley's Lover ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Winter Hibernation ◽  
Husband And Wife

This article presents the case of Chatterley and Clifford, the two main characters in Lady Chatterley’s Lover, to consider tenderness a basic working emotion to shape human relationships. The lack of tenderness causes emotional as well as physical distance in relation, especially that of male-female’s relation. The first part of the article reviews tenderness. The second part reviews how tenderness and lack of tenderness affect a male-female relationship in the selected novel, Lady Chatterley’s Lover. On the basis of a careful analysis of Lady Chatterley’s Lover, the present writer tries to prove that the lack of tenderness is the main culprit for the broken relationship between husband and wife: a major one of the relations between man and woman in human society and mutual tenderness elicits people awakening to a new way of living in an exterior world that is uncracking after the long winter hibernation. Lawrence, through a revelation of Connie’s gradual awakening from tenderness, has made his utmost effort to explore possible solutions to harmonious androgyny between men and women so as to revitalize the distorted human nature caused by the industrial civilization. Key words: relationship, husband and wife, tenderness, main culprit, Connie

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