The family is the first social group, followed by the clan, tribe, and nation

Author(s):  
Ron B. Aviram
Keyword(s):  
Author(s):  
Marianna Bátoriné Misák ◽  

Abstract. “Who Can Find a Wise Woman?” Some Insights into the Education of the Wives of 16th-17th-Century Calvinist Priests. The paper examines the literacy of pastors’ wives during the 16th-17th centuries. For a long time, the opportunity for women to acquire literacy was only the privilege of the upper social strata, but literacy was not widespread among them either. This trend came to an end in the 17th century, for which period we also found examples of the literacy of urban citizens. The daughters of the lower social strata were prepared primarily to be good wives, housewives, and good mothers in the family, especially next to their mothers. Examining the preachers’ wives as a well-defined social group is a problem due to the scarcity of resources. In most cases, we know nothing but the name of the preacher’s wife, and we do not have information about their origins and families; if we do, however, then their social situation and the occupation of their parents provide a basis for research into their education. The conclusion of the research is that even if they did not receive a formal education, the 16th-17th-century Calvinist pastors’ wives were educated women. In many cases, this knowledge – primarily wisdom, life experience, and piety – and the virtues necessary for the roles of housewife, mother, and wife were the main aspects of choice for their husband. Keywords: pastor’s wife, Protestantism, literacy, 16th-17th century


1975 ◽  
Vol 127 (5) ◽  
pp. 417-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. L. Clemmey ◽  
D. Kennard ◽  
B. M. Mandelbrote

SummaryThis paper presents a study of patients' social and domestic functioning preceding admission to a psychiatric hospital. A method is described for the quantitative assessment of ‘social breakdown’ in the areas of work, domestic performance and social group activity, based on reports from the patient and from another household member. Complementary changes in the domestic tasks carried out by other family members are also investigated. The sample consisted of 28 women and 17 men. Their usual level of functioning and their degree of breakdown are related to psychiatric diagnosis on admission, to the patient's position within the family and to the social class of the household. Discrepancies between reports are also investigated in relation to these variables.


Author(s):  
Lucia Gavriliţă

This study represents a system of experiments and data accompanied by scientifi c and methodological interpretations, of attachment patterns. Secure attachment is considered by many authors to be a source of parental competence. These quintessences express both, the conception of parental education and their attitude towards the typical child or the child with disabilities. Studies show that some parents adapt better than others to the child’s particularities. The family, specifi cally, off ers the child the climate of emotional security and is the fi rst social group in which the child practices social behaviors and discovers himself.


Author(s):  
Anna Drabarek

A lot of controversy has arisen around the view expressed by Leon Petrażycki who proposes a division into intuitive and positive law. This division is not aimed, however, at contraposing that which is established by norms and that which could be referred to as desirable or ideal law. The content of intuitive law, just like that of positive – or statutory – law, is often equally irrational, barbarian, and backward. What Petrażycki has in mind is rather a significant, substantial difference between the two. It consists in a difference in the intellectual content of legal experience. Intuitive law does not contain any norms, but an awareness of the obligation to act in a certain way which is independent from any authorities. Intuitive law is individual and changeable, as its contents depend on one’s personal character. A certain similarity in intuitive legal experiences is, according to Petrażycki, largely dependent on the living conditions in the family and social group.


2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 256-263
Author(s):  
Yakup Durmaz ◽  
Busra Nur Durmaz

Nowadays, consumer behaviouris influenced not only by consumer personalities and motivations, but also by the relationships within families. Family is a social group and it can be considered the cornerstone of consumers so it has a crucial place in the perception of marketing. Marketeers closely interested in this issue to know the family which changed and renewed in course of time. It provides a tremendous advantage for a marketeer to know the family structure and its consumption characteristics ( Durmaz and Zengin, 2011: 53). In this study, the affect of cultural factors on consumer buying behaviour is investigated. A survey was conducted on 1400 people from the different parts of Turkey. The information acquired from the results are analyzed and interpreted by the computer packet programs. Turkey has seven regions. From each region two provinces are selected by random sampling method. A face to face survey was conducted on 100 people from each province and in total 1400 people participated in the survey. The information obtained from the results are analyzed and interpreted by the computer packet programs.


2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 119-131
Author(s):  
Angelika Sikorska

This article is devoted to the functioning of families that are in crisis as the result of a family member’s imprisonment. The author’s description of the most important functions and tasks of the family as the primary social group leads to further reflections. The disorganization of family life caused by placing a parent in prison is described and a case study is used to illustrate the issues. On the basis of an autobiographical narrative interview, the process of reorganizing family life is analyzed from the perspective of a ‘prisoner’s child.’


1970 ◽  
pp. 167-179
Author(s):  
Daniel Jakimiec

The family represents a fundamental social unit, consisting of individuals connected by marital and parental bonds. The relations between family members are determined by traditions handed down by means of upbringing, which, in turn, is based on shared emotions and attitudes subjected to the laws and moral order of nature. The prerogatives recognised by the family are also heavily affected by religious axioms. Generally speaking, the family represents the cultural legacy of whole generations falling under the influence of numerous factors, each of them being a link in the family’s history. The analysis of the function of the family as a fundamental social group and of parental responsibility indicates that the functions of the family are more extensive than the functions of parental responsibility. This is because the functions of the family are fulfilled by all its members, adults and minors alike. Those functions performed by adult family members are subject to a number of norms included in the Family and Guardianship Code. However, the family’s desired performance positively affects fulfilment of parental responsibility.


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 114-121
Author(s):  
Tatiana Gavrilyuk

Purpose of the study: The study is aimed to examine working-class everyday culture gender regimes in modern Russia. The research is focused on intergenerational transmission of gender-normative patterns, macro-policy of power and domination in working-class families, forms of their discursive production and legitimation. Methodology: The empirical base is represented by 30 biographical interviews with the informants aged from 21 to 33, living in Tyumen city and working in the field of industry, technical maintenance, and customer service. Reflexive analysis based on the categorical field of phenomenology and social constructionism, as well as data coding procedures, has been used as the main research tool. Main Findings: It was found that the normative pattern of a male breadwinner, having power in a family-based on control over economic resources, still dominates among young working-class men and actively supported by the majority of young women. The financial and status dominance of a man does not cause doubts in his leadership but when a woman plays a crucial role in providing for the family, informants tend to talk about “equality” in the family. Applications of this study: The results of the study can be used in the teaching of sociology, gender studies, and cultural studies; it can also be applied by local policymakers while developing social policy programs targeted on the regarded social group. Novelty/Originality of this study: In the current research we have examined a particular social group at the intersection of three stratification features: social class, gender, and age. The approach of “agency within the structure” provides an opportunity to carry out a deep sociological analysis of the relations between the macro-social and personal aspects of the gender regimes framing.


2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 187-194
Author(s):  
A. Makhnach

The analysis of the concept of «professional foster family» has been presented. The stages of the formation of this social phenomenon in studies of orphanhood in Western and Russian psychology have been described. The сhanging the focus of study has been noted from the characteristics of an orphan child in orphanages to his upbringing in a foster family, for the family as a whole. The process of forming a problem field and conceptualization of this concept in a historical context has been analyzed. The issue of the professional description of the activities of foster parents has been considered. Attention has been payed to the paradigm shift in the study of the foster family with a deficiency to its resourcing and resilience.


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