Official Control

2018 ◽  
pp. 46-75
Author(s):  
Jane Carmichael
Keyword(s):  
Official Control

Reports on Recent Activities of European Food Safety Authority

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 217-220
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Official Control ◽  
National Programmes ◽  
Control Programmes ◽  
Risk Managers

This report provides an overview of the 2017 official control activities on pesticide residues carried out in the European Union (EU) Member States, Iceland and Norway. It summarises the results of both the 2017 EU-coordinated control programme (EUCP) and the national control programmes (NP). While the NPs are mostly risk based (so called enforcement samples) focusing on pesticides or products originating from countries where a number of exceedances have been observed in the past, the EUCP aims to present a statistically representative snapshot of the situation of pesticide residues in food products that are mostly consumed in the EU following a random sampling procedure. The report includes the outcome of a dietary risk assessment based on the results of the overall 2017 control programmes. The comprehensive analysis of the results of all reporting countries provides risk managers with sound-based evidence for designing future monitoring programmes, in particular for taking decisions on which pesticides and food products should be targeted in risk-based national programmes.

scholarly journals Rapid extraction of total lipids and lipophilic POPs from all EU-regulated foods of animal origin: Smedes’ method revisited and enhanced

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes Haedrich ◽  
Claudia Stumpf ◽  
Michael S. Denison
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Infant Food ◽  
Total Lipids ◽  
Analytical Results ◽  
Official Control ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Chicken Eggs

Abstract Background Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as dioxins, dioxin-like chemicals and non-dioxin-like PCBs causing adverse effects to human health bio-accumulate through the food web due to their affinity for adipose tissues. Foods of animal origin are therefore the main contributors to human dietary exposure. The European Union’s (EU) food safety policy requires checking of a wide range of samples for compliance with legal limits on a regular basis. Several methods of varying efficiency are applied by official control laboratories for extraction of the different classes of lipids and associated POPs, bound to animal tissue and animal products in varying degrees, sometimes leading to discrepancies especially in fresh weight based analytical results. Results Starting from Smedes’ lipid extraction from marine tissue, we optimized the extraction efficiency for both lipids and lipophilic pollutants, abandoning the time-consuming centrifugation step. The resulting modified Smedes extraction (MSE) method was validated based on multiple analyses of a large number of real-world samples, matrix calibration and performance assessment in proficiency testing utilizing both instrumental and bioanalytical methodologies. Intermediate precision in 12 different foods was below 3% in chicken eggs, egg powder, animal fat, fish, fish oil, poultry, whole milk, milk fat and milk powder, and below 5% in bovine meat, liver, and infant food. In comparison to Twisselmann hot extraction, results presented here show an increased efficiency of MSE by + 25% for bovine liver, + 14% for chicken eggs, + 13% for poultry meat, + 12% for fish, 8% for bovine meat, and 6% for infant food. Conclusions For the first time, a fast and reliable routine method is available that enables the analyst to reproducibly extract "total" lipids from any EU-regulated food sample of animal origin within 6 to 8 min. Increased efficiency translates into a considerable increase in both lipid and wet weight-based analytical results measured for associated POPs, reducing the risk of false non-compliant results. Compared to a 4 h Twisselmann extraction, the extraction of 1000 samples using MSE would result in annual savings of about 250 h or 32 working days. Our MSE procedure contributes to the European Commission's objective of harmonizing analytical results across the EU generated according to Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/644.

scholarly journals MICROBIOLOGICAL PROPERTY OF RAW MEAT IMPORTS IN THE YEAR 2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena VRANEŠEVIĆ́ ◽  
Suzana VIDAKOVIĆ́ ◽  
Slobodan KNEŽEVIĆ́ ◽  
Miloš PELIĆ́ ◽  
Zoran RUŽIĆ́ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
High Water ◽  
Positive Sample ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
High Water Content ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Official Control

International trade requires food safety guarantees based on specialized hygiene standards, transparency procedures, and programs. Meat, because of its high water content and nutrition, can be an ideal medium for microorganism growth and multiplication. Salmonella, as one of the most common pathogens that can be transmitted from animals to humans, causes major public health problems worldwide. Although mortality is low, the disease has important social and economic consequences. Based on governmental regulation, Serbia runs an active, official control of Salmonella in meat. From January to December 2017, 193 samples of imported pork, beef, lamb, kid, and poultry meat were analyzed for the presence of Salmonella spp. Only one (0.52%) of all analyzed samples was positive to Salmonella spp. The positive sample was frozen chicken drumsticks together with thighs originated from Poland, which makes 6.67% of the total examined poultry meat samples. Infected poultry is one of the most important reservoirs of Salmonella that are transmitted to humans through the food chain. The identity of the isolated strain was biochemically and serologically confirmed to be Salmonella Infantis. This pathogen is in the 4th place of most common Salmonella serovar among human isolates in Europe and the most common serovar isolated from poultry meat. In order to decrease the prevalence of Salmonella spp. it is necessary to maintain all the food safety standards through the whole food chain, from farm to fork.

scholarly journals MICROBIOLOGICAL CRITERIA IN THE MANUFACTURE OF PASTEURIZED MILK

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bojan GOLIĆ ◽  
Milijana GOLIĆ ◽  
Tanja ILIĆ
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Pasteurized Milk ◽  
Official Control ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Microbiological Testing ◽  
Microbiological Criteria

The process hygiene criterion is a microbiological criterion that applies to the process offood production and processing and indicates the proper functioning of the production process byrepresenting the value of the contamination above which corrective measures are taken to maintainthe process hygiene. Pasteurized milk is a product obtained by heat treatment of raw milk at atemperature of 63° C for 30 minutes or 72° C for 15 seconds. Pasteurization has two purposes, thefirst one is to elimination of all pathogenic microorganisms, and the second is to reduce the numberof saprophytic microorganisms, which prolongs the shelf life without changing the nutritional andbiological value of the milk.The aim of the study is to examine the safety of pasteurized milk and the conditions of hygiene inthe production process based on the results of the examination of pasteurized milk on the criteria ofhygiene in the production process, as well as to develop a proposal for the recommendedmicroorganisms to be tested in the process of the production of pasteurized milk.Samples of pasteurized milk come from a pasteurizing plant that purchases milk from the territoryof Republika Srpska, and were sampled in the six-month period (January-June), within self-controland official control. For microbiological testing of raw milk, standard BAS ISO methods were used.The results of pasteurized milk testing in relation to the hygiene criteria in the production processare satisfactory in relation to the Rulebook on Microbiological Criteria for Food. The results of selfcontrolon the recommended microbiological criteria in the process of obtaining pasteurized milk,which are given in the Guideline on the Application of Microbiological Criteria for Food, aresatisfactory in relation to the finding of Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella spp. and coagulasepositive staphylococci, and unsatisfactory for a number of microorganisms.The results of official controls in the production process of pasteurized milk are unsatisfactory dueto the increased number of microorganisms in 12.50% of the samples. 22.20% of pasteurized milksamples had the number of microorganisms larger than 105CFU/ml within self-control and officialcontrols. Examination of pasteurized milk in the self-control of the production process should beperformed on enterobacteria and the total count of microorganisms, and in the interpretation of theresults the recommended limit values from the Guideline on the application of microbiologicalcriteria for food should be used.

scholarly journals Libertad, equidad, igualdad y desarrollo

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
William F. Waters
Keyword(s):  
External Environment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Amartya Sen ◽  
Classical Literature ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Official Control ◽  
Politica Publica ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Political Economic

Se analizan dos vertientes del entendimiento de libertad en la literatura clásica. Por un lado, se refiere a complejas relaciones entre el individuo y su gobierno y la ausencia relativa de control oficial sobre las acciones individuales y privadas. Por otro lado, se refiere a la calidad o el estado de ser libre, que es una característica de la persona independiente del entorno externo. Para Amartya Sen, la segunda definición permite entender la libertad en términos de oportunidades en un contexto de equidad. Independiente de lo que se permite o limita formalmente, la política pública promueve la libertad y el desarrollo cuando los ciudadanos pueden actuar a base de opciones reales en condiciones sociales, políticas, económicas y culturales existentes.Two interpretations of an understanding of liberty in the classical literature are discussed. On one hand, the term refers to complex relations between the individual and the government and the relative absence of official control over individual and private actions. On the other hand, the term refers to the quality or status of being free, which is a characteristic of the person independent of the external environment. According to Amartya Sen, the second definition allows us to understand liberty in terms of opportunities in the context of equity. Independent of what is formally allowed or limited, public policy promotes liberty and development when citizens can act on the basis of real options within existing social, political, economic, and cultural conditions.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Genomic Characterization of Brucella canis Strains Isolated from Kennels, Household, and Stray Dogs in Chile

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2073
Author(s):  
Nicolás Galarce ◽  
Beatriz Escobar ◽  
Eduard Martínez ◽  
Natalia Alvarado ◽  
Gabriela Peralta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Stray Dogs ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Official Control ◽  
Brucella Canis ◽  
Genomic Characterization ◽  
Canine Brucellosis

Canine brucellosis caused by Brucella canis is a zoonotic disease that causes reproductive alterations in dogs, such as infertility, abortion, and epididymitis. This pathogen is especially prevalent in South America, and due to the lack of official control programs and the growing trend of adopting dogs it constitutes a public health risk that must be addressed. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of B. canis infection in kennel, shelter, and household dogs and to characterize the genomic properties of circulating strains, including ure and virB operons and omp25/31 genes. Samples from 771 dogs were obtained, and the infection was detected by blood culture and/or serology in 7.0% of the animals. The complete ure and virB operons and the omp25/31 genes were detected. Interestingly, we found different single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in some of the analyzed genes, which could mean a change in the fitness or virulence of these strains. This study provides further evidence about dogs as a source of B. canis strains that can infect people. This also highlights the need to implement official control programs, including the mandatory testing of dogs, especially stray dogs, before adoption.

scholarly journals Interlaboratory Validation of the Vidas SET2 Kit for Detection of Staphylococcal Enterotoxins in Milk Products

2007 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 756-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques-Antoine Hennekinne ◽  
Annick Ostyn ◽  
Florence Guillier ◽  
Martine Gohier ◽  
Sabine Messio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Screening Method ◽  
Interlaboratory Study ◽  
Reference Laboratory ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
Staphylococcal Enterotoxins ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Official Control ◽  
Satisfactory Outcome ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Extraction Step

Abstract An earlier intralaboratory validation study based on the EN ISO 16140 Standard conducted by the Community Reference Laboratory for coagulase-positive staphylococci including Staphylocococcus aureus showed that, after an extraction step using dialysis concentration, the Vidas SET2 detection kit could be used to screen staphylococcal enterotoxins in milk and milk products. In order to fully validate Vidas SET2, an interlaboratory study was organized. Six freeze-dried samples and 3 ready-to-use concentrated extracts were analyzed by 21 laboratories according to the method, including a detection with Vidas SET2. Results did not show false-positive or -negative results. Accordance and concordance parameters were equal to 100%, corresponding to a concordance odds ratio of 1. This interlaboratory study confirmed the satisfactory outcome of the preliminary tests and of the intralaboratory study performed previously. The Vidas SET2 detection kit can be used as a method for the detection of staphylococcal enterotoxins in milk and milk products as well as the Transia Plate SET detection kit in the European screening method for official control purposes, after an extraction step followed by dialysis concentration.

European official control of food: Determination of histamine in fish products by a HPLC–UV-DAD method

2016 ◽  
Vol 211 ◽  
pp. 694-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Altieri ◽  
A. Semeraro ◽  
F. Scalise ◽  
I. Calderari ◽  
P. Stacchini
Keyword(s):  
Fish Products ◽  
Official Control

Parental Control of Diversified Groups: Samples of Chinese Manufacturing Enterprises

2013 ◽  
Vol 373-375 ◽  
pp. 2270-2273
Author(s):  
Ming Lei Xie ◽  
Shun Zhou Chen
Keyword(s):  
Business Performance ◽  
Corporate Performance ◽  
Parental Control ◽  
Interaction Effects ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Corporate Diversification ◽  
Diversification Strategy ◽  
Manufacturing Enterprises ◽  
Official Control

Diversification can help enterprises to achieve synergies so as to enhance business performance. This article attempts to study this question from the viewpoint of parental control. The interaction effects among corporate diversification and the parental control tested through data obtained by questionnaires to 87 Corporations. The study foundt: companies with diversification strategy adopting official control over their subsidiary will reduce the overall corporate performance. However, the interactive effects between the degree of parental control and diversification are not significant.

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