scholarly journals Libertad, equidad, igualdad y desarrollo

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
William F. Waters
Keyword(s):  
External Environment ◽  
The Other ◽  
Amartya Sen ◽  
Classical Literature ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Official Control ◽  
Politica Publica ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Political Economic

Se analizan dos vertientes del entendimiento de libertad en la literatura clásica. Por un lado, se refiere a complejas relaciones entre el individuo y su gobierno y la ausencia relativa de control oficial sobre las acciones individuales y privadas. Por otro lado, se refiere a la calidad o el estado de ser libre, que es una característica de la persona independiente del entorno externo. Para Amartya Sen, la segunda definición permite entender la libertad en términos de oportunidades en un contexto de equidad. Independiente de lo que se permite o limita formalmente, la política pública promueve la libertad y el desarrollo cuando los ciudadanos pueden actuar a base de opciones reales en condiciones sociales, políticas, económicas y culturales existentes.Two interpretations of an understanding of liberty in the classical literature are discussed. On one hand, the term refers to complex relations between the individual and the government and the relative absence of official control over individual and private actions. On the other hand, the term refers to the quality or status of being free, which is a characteristic of the person independent of the external environment. According to Amartya Sen, the second definition allows us to understand liberty in terms of opportunities in the context of equity. Independent of what is formally allowed or limited, public policy promotes liberty and development when citizens can act on the basis of real options within existing social, political, economic, and cultural conditions.

Grievances against the Morsi Government

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kira D. Jumet
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Muslim Brotherhood ◽  
Interview Data ◽  
Political Appointments ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Muslim Brotherhood ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Political Economic

This chapter outlines the individual grievances arising from political, economic, social, and religious conditions under the government of Mohamed Morsi that became the foundations of opposition to his rule. It focuses on democracy in Egypt, the 2012 presidential elections, and the expectations and promises put forth by Morsi. The chapter also covers popular perceptions of the Muslim Brotherhood and the Freedom and Justice Party, grievances surrounding electricity and gas, security and sexual harassment, Morsi’s speeches and representation of Egypt on the international stage, and Morsi’s political appointments. The chapter relies on interview data and fieldwork conducted in Egypt during the year of Morsi’s presidency.

scholarly journals Evolution of the Concept of Citizenship in the Islamic Thought: An Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-141
Author(s):  
Osama Sami AL-Nsour
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The Past ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
State And Society ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Islamic Civilization ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Relationship

The concept of citizenship is one of the pillars upon which the modern civil state was built. The concept of citizenship can be considered as the basic guarantee for both the government and individuals to clarify the relationship between them, since under this right individuals can acquire and apply their rights freely and also based on this right the state can regulate how society members perform the duties imposed on them, which will contributes to the development of the state and society .The term citizenship has been used in a wider perspective, itimplies the nationality of the State where the citizen obtains his civil, political, economic, social, cultural and religious rights and is free to exercise these rights in accordance with the Constitution of the State and the laws governing thereof and without prejudice to the interest. In return, he has an obligation to perform duties vis-à-vis the state so that the state can give him his rights that have been agreed and contracted.This paper seeks to explore firstly, the modern connotation of citizenship where it is based on the idea of rights and duties. Thus the modern ideal of citizenship is based on the relationship between the individual and the state. The Islamic civilization was spanned over fourteen centuries and there were certain laws and regulations governing the relationship between the citizens and the state, this research will try to discover the main differences between the classical concept of citizenship and the modern one, also this research will show us the results of this change in this concept . The research concludes that the new concept of citizenship is correct one and the one that can fit to our contemporary life and the past concept was appropriate for their time but the changes in the world force us to apply and to rethink again about this concept.

scholarly journals Política pública para el Fortalecimiento de la democracia en Ecuador 2008-2014 / Public policy for the strengthening of democracy in Ecuador

Ciencia Unemi ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (17) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvaro Saenz Andrade
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Direct Democracy ◽  
The Other ◽  
Communication Media ◽  
Original Meaning ◽  
Politica Publica ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One ◽  
Medios De Comunicacion

y participación. Estos constan en la Constitución, y en leyes orgánicas, lo que da un marco normativo impulsor del ejercicio democrático. En la aplicación de la política de fortalecimiento de la democracia, se encuentran fuerzas y posiciones provenientes de diversos actores. Se puede observar que entre los activadores de la participación el más importante es el propio Gobierno, acompañado de actores sociales organizados, antiguos y nuevos. Otros actores exigen una participación más radical, por un lado, y terceros desprecian la presencia popular en el Estado. Los medios de comunicación convencionales han sido los principales voceros de esta última posición. En la aplicación de la política de participación, las diversas fuerzas han actuado desarrollando algunos mecanismos, ocultando otros o distorsionando su sentido original. En todo ello se han manifestado las posiciones e intereses de los actores. A pesar de estas tensiones, la política de participación como tal se ha dinamizado y fortalecido. AbstractThe new Ecuadorian institutionality has created a large number of mechanisms of representation, direct democracy and participation. These are contained in the Constitution and organic laws, which gives a regulatory framework that constitutes itself the promoter of the democratic exercise. In the applying of the policy of strengthening of democracy, there are forces and positions from various actors. It can be seen that among the activators of the participation of actors, the government itself is the most important, accompanied by organized, old and new social ones. Others demand a more radical participation on the one hand, and on the other hand another third group despises a popular presence in the state. The conventional communication media have been the main spokesmen of the last group. In the applying of the policy of participation, various forces have acted by developing some mechanisms, hiding others or distorting its original meaning. About all of these, the actors have expressed their positions and interests. Despite these tensions, political participation as such has become dynamic and strengthened.

The Power to Alter Personal Provisions in Collective Agreements

1978 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances Raday
Keyword(s):  
Collective Bargaining ◽  
Tax Reform ◽  
The Other ◽  
Collective Agreement ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Collective Agreements ◽  
The Past ◽  
Important Quality ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual

On two notable occasions in the past two years, it was found necessary to use legislation in order to buttress the potency of general collective agreements. The first of these occasions was when legislation was used to give overriding legal force to a general collective agreement between the Histadrut and the Government incorporating the tax reform recommendations of the Ben Shachar Committee. The second was a similar use of legislation with regard to the general collective agreement between the Histadrut and the Government incorporating the special increments recommendations of the Barkai Committee. The two collective agreements concerned shared one important quality: They both purported to derogate from rights previously enjoyed by employees under existing collective agreements. One of the reasons for legislative intervention to support these agreements was the existence of doubt as to the legal effectiveness of their attempt to derogate from the individual employees' rights.The source of the doubt as to the legal effectiveness of such agreements lies in the existence of two distinct levels at which a collective agreement functions: the collective and the individual levels. At the collective level, conditions are determined by the collective bargaining parties, the employer or employers' organisation on one hand and the employees' organisation on the other; at this level, the collective agreement is a consensual arrangement between the parties to it, the parties fix the terms and have a contractual right to demand their enforcement. The terms fixed at the collective level take effect, however, also at the individual level; the individual employees of an employer bound by the agreement are both bound by the agreement and entitled to enjoy the rights bestowed by the agreement. The Collective Agreements Law gives forceful expression to the effect of the collective agreement's personal provisions at the individual level, giving them immediate and mandatory effect as part of each individual employee's employment contract.

scholarly journals Tools for Public Health Policy: Nudges and Boosts as Active Support of the Law in Special Situations such as the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Maciej Krawiec ◽  
Olga Piaskowska ◽  
Piotr Piesiewicz ◽  
Wojciech Białaszek
Keyword(s):  
Legal System ◽  
Public Health Policy ◽  
Behavioral Interventions ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
The Other ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Contrary View ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual

In recent years, “nudging” has become a standard behavioral intervention at the individual level and for thedesign of social policies. Although nudges are effective, such interventions seem to be limited to a given spaceand time, and there is only scant evidence to support the contrary view. On the other hand, choice architects mayutilize another type of intervention called “boosting,” which shows the promise of generalized and lastingbehavioral change. The government can use these tools to shape public policy. Behavioral interventions such aspolicy-making tools have their boundaries, as does the law. We argue that nudging and boosting may serve asactive aids in support of the legal system under certain circumstances. Nudging and boosting can also supportthe legal system especially in relation to emerging social issues or events that are unprecedented, such as therecent COVID-19 pandemic, where certain behavioral patterns are expected, but it would be hard or impossibleto enforce them through the law alone.

Tacitus' Conception of the Function of History

1936 ◽  
Vol 6 (16) ◽  
pp. 9-17
Author(s):  
R. L. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Moral Character ◽  
Ancient World ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Classical Literature ◽  
The Real ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Individual

There were various conceptions of the function of history current in the ancient world. There was always one school of so-called historians who wrote with the motive of giving pleasure uppermost in their minds. The absence of a novel from classical literature left romance to invade history and oratory, and writers of this school might often be more properly called historical novelists than historians. They were especially susceptible to the influence of declamation and the rhetorical worship of style. For this school, in brief, history was nothing but the raw material for the literary artist. A second school, of which Polybius is the most prominent representative, held that history should be the training-ground of politicians, statesmen, and soldiers, who may learn from the past how to discover the real significance of events. Polybius naturally attached more importance to truth (which, he says, is to history what the eye is to the human body) than did those who wrote only for entertainment. Thirdly, there was the view that it is the function of history to teach men of all stations the lessons of the past, and by so teaching form and strengthen the individual moral character. This last is the view of Tacitus, though his conception of the function of history is broad enough to embrace the other two in a properly subordinate measure.

scholarly journals Power and the Ascendance of New Economic Policy Ideas: Lessons from the 1980s Crisis in Israel

2010 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronen Mandelkern ◽  
Michael Shalev
Keyword(s):  
New Economic Policy ◽  
Power Resources ◽  
Policy Ideas ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
The Government ◽  
Crisis Conditions ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Economic Stabilization ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Analytical Tools

Recent explanations of transformations of macroeconomic policy under crisis conditions spotlight the intrinsic properties of ideas and the persuasiveness with which they are marketed. Bridging the divide between power and discourse approaches, this article reveals the causal role played by the power resources of expert ideational entrepreneurs, conditional on the political conjuncture in which they operate. The authors exploit a fortuitous natural experiment from the early 1980s, when the Israeli economy spiraled into hyperinflation. Two similar proposals for economic stabilization and reform were offered by different teams of economists, less than two years apart. While the government rejected the dollarization plan, its authorization of the stabilization plan inaugurated a new political-economic regime. This case, in which similar programs were advocated by different ideational entrepreneurs in a largely stable institutional and economic context, makes it possible to pinpoint why radically new ideas succeed or fail. Previously underutilized analytical tools are employed to conceptualize the power of idea carriers, at both the individual and the group level.

Writing in Aphasia Rehabilitation: Cursive vs Manuscript

1976 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Boone ◽  
Harold M. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Correct Response ◽  
The Other ◽  
Read Aloud ◽  
Writing Style ◽  
Reading And Writing ◽  
Manual Responses ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Written Form ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Read Number

Reading and writing performance was observed in 30 adult aphasic patients to determine whether there was a significant difference when stimuli and manual responses were varied in the written form: cursive versus manuscript. Patients were asked to read aloud 10 words written cursively and 10 words written in manuscript form. They were then asked to write on dictation 10 word responses using cursive writing and 10 words using manuscript writing. Number of words correctly read, number of words correctly written, and number of letters correctly written in the proper sequence were tallied for both cursive and manuscript writing tasks for each patient. Results indicated no significant difference in correct response between cursive and manuscript writing style for these aphasic patients as a group; however, it was noted that individual patients varied widely in their success using one writing form over the other. It appeared that since neither writing form showed better facilitation of performance, the writing style used should be determined according to the individual patient’s own preference and best performance.

Margaret Mahy: An Adlerian Reading

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-199
Author(s):  
KATHRYN WALLS
Keyword(s):  
Young Female ◽  
The Other ◽  
Individual Psychology ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Alfred Adler ◽  
Female Protagonists ◽  
Magical Power ◽  
Margaret Mahy ◽  
The Individual

According to the ‘Individual Psychology’ of Alfred Adler (1870–1937), Freud's contemporary and rival, everyone seeks superiority. But only those who can adapt their aspirations to meet the needs of others find fulfilment. Children who are rejected or pampered are so desperate for superiority that they fail to develop social feeling, and endanger themselves and society. This article argues that Mahy's realistic novels invite Adlerian interpretation. It examines the character of Hero, the elective mute who is the narrator-protagonist of The Other Side of Silence (1995) , in terms of her experience of rejection. The novel as a whole, it is suggested, stresses the destructiveness of the neurotically driven quest for superiority. Turning to Mahy's supernatural romances, the article considers novels that might seem to resist the Adlerian template. Focusing, in particular, on the young female protagonists of The Haunting (1982) and The Changeover (1984), it points to the ways in which their magical power is utilised for the sake of others. It concludes with the suggestion that the triumph of Mahy's protagonists lies not so much in their generally celebrated ‘empowerment’, as in their transcendence of the goal of superiority for its own sake.

Development and destruction of the liberal prison system in Spain: a general framework for studying the topic

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 424
Author(s):  
Luis Gargallo Vaamonde
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
General Framework ◽  
Belief System ◽  
Prison System ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Second Republic ◽  
Social Harmony ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Individual

During the Restoration and the Second Republic, up until the outbreak of the Civil War, the prison system that was developed in Spain had a markedly liberal character. This system had begun to acquire robustness and institutional credibility from the first dec- ade of the 20th Century onwards, reaching a peak in the early years of the government of the Second Republic. This process resulted in the establishment of a penitentiary sys- tem based on the widespread and predominant values of liberalism. That liberal belief system espoused the defence of social harmony, property and the individual, and penal practices were constructed on the basis of those principles. Subsequently, the Civil War and the accompanying militarist culture altered the prison system, transforming it into an instrument at the service of the conflict, thereby wiping out the liberal agenda that had been nurtured since the mid-19th Century.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document