Enablers of organised criminal groups

2020 ◽  
pp. 80-104
Author(s):  
David Bright ◽  
Chad Whelan
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Groups

A burocracia penitenciarista: Estudo sobre a configuração da gestão prisional no Brasil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Athayde Lins de Melo
Keyword(s):  
Prison System ◽  
Prison Management ◽  
Third Line ◽  
Criminal Groups ◽  
Professional Formation

This book deals with the emergence of prison management in Brazil, understanding it as an effect of forces between different orders of the penitentiary apparatus, in which the Justice and Security bundles are highlighted, based on disputes and accommodations between actors, institutions and perspectives that, within each order or in their external interactions, configure the dynamics of the Brazilian Penitentiary Administration, within which a penitentiary bureaucracy is produced, specialized in mediating the conflicts and the approximations between the orders. In recent times, these mediations also suffer the influence of a third line of force, represented by the criminal groups originating inside prisons. Traveling thousands of kilometers through prisons, suburbs, government palaces and courtroom hallways, the study describes the constant updating of the brazilian penitentiary apparatus, which operates with the goal of ensuring it's reproduction by different strategies of accomodation of Law resulting from the preponderance of Security in the correlation of forces, which manifests in the composition, the functioning, the characterization and the processes of professional formation of the penitentiarist bureaucracy, comprehended as a diffuse and fragmented body that, far from characterizing a rationalization of the prison system, manifests itself, above all, as a government mentality.

Crimes against marriage and family before Criminal Code 1968

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 44-59
Author(s):  
Lidia Peneva
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Code ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Marriage And Family ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Legal Method ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Criminal Groups ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Structural Point

Crimes against marriage and family are a particular group of social relation­ships that the law has defended properly in view of the high public significance and value they enjoy. At the moment they are regulated in Chapter VI, Section I, of the specific part of the Penal Code the Repub­lic of Bulgaria. The subject matter of this Statement will, however, be the legisla­tive provisions concerning these criminal­ized acts in retrospect. The purpose of the study is to show by historical method and through the comparatively legal method the development of these criminal groups during the periods of various criminal laws in Bulgaria. This will also provide a basis for reflection on possible de lege ferenda proposals. This report from a structural point of view will be divided into three distinct points, marking each of the penal laws in the Republic of Bulgaria, which were in force before 1968.

ADOLESCENTS IN CRIMINAL STREET GROUPINGS: REASONS AND MOTIVATIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-199
Author(s):  
E.O. Chernova
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Motivational Factors ◽  
Social Motives ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Social Communities ◽  
Criminal Groups

The article gives an analysis of the results of authorial experimental studies. Motivational factors affecting adolescents' participation in criminal groups are considered, they are: dominant groups of motives, the predominance of aspiration to success or avoidance of failures. Thus, the author explores the subjective potential of the personality of adolescent groupers. According to the results of the research, the author concludes that the specificity of the motivation of such adolescents consists in the predominance of material motives, social motives (involvement in social communities, groupings) and motives of recognition and respect. The author notes that the motivation for avoiding failures is more characteristic of such adolescents than the motivation for the pursuit of success. It is concluded that the data obtained can serve as a basis for developing preventive measures when working with adolescents at risk.

THE PROBLEMS OF CRIMINAL LAW PROTECTION OF THE OIL INDUSTRY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Сергей Иванович Вележев ◽  
Антон Михайлович Седогин
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Criminal Law ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Illegal Activities ◽  
Business Entities ◽  
Criminal Groups

В статье рассмотрены актуальные вопросы уголовно-правовой охраны нефтяной отрасли Российской Федерации от преступных посягательств корыстной направленности. Иллюстрирован существенный ущерб, причиняемый преступными группами охраняемым общественным отношениям на национальном и международном уровнях. Проведен статистический и сравнительно-правовой анализ наиболее эффективных норм законодательства России и Казахстана, применяемых в ходе борьбы с подобной противоправной деятельностью. Предложено направление дальнейшего совершенствования российского уголовного закона. Нефтяная промышленность является одной из ведущих отраслей Российской Федерации, структурными сегментами которой являются в том числе объекты добычи, хранения, переработки и транспортировки нефти, а также объекты транспортировки, хранения и сбыта нефтепродуктов. Данные обстоятельства требуют принятия мер по ее защите от противоправных действий по хищению нефти и нефтепродуктов. Наряду с охранными, режимными и организационными мерами, которые осуществляют хозяйствующие субъекты, немаловажное значение имеет защита отрасли от преступных посягательств уголовно-правовым способом. В статье указывается необходимость совершенствования законодательства по обеспечению безопасности деятельности нефтяной отрасли, учитывая ее значение для экономики страны. Отмечается, что положительные результаты в поиске возможных путей совершенствования законодательства дает применение сравнительно-правового анализа уголовных норм СНГ по борьбе с преступностью в этой сфере деятельности. The article examines current issues of the criminal law protection of the oil industry of the Russian Federation from criminal attacks for mercenary reasons. The considerable damage caused by criminal groups to protected public relations at the national and international levels is illustrated. A statistical and comparative legal analysis of the most effective norms of the legislation of Russia and the Republic of Kazakhstan applied in the fight against such illegal activities has been carried out. The direction of further improvement of the Russian criminal law is proposed. The oil industry is one of the leading industries of the Russian Federation, the structural segments of that are the objects of oil production, storage, refining and transportation, as well as the objects of transportation, storage and marketing of oil product. Under these circumstances it is required totake measures for protection it from unlawful actions connected with stealing of oil and oil products. Along with security, safeguards and organizational measures that are implemented by business entities, protection of the industry from criminal attacks by a criminal law method is of no small importance. The article indicates the need to improve legislation to ensure the safety of the oil industry, based on its importance for the country's economy. It is noted that positive results in the search for possible ways to improve the legislation are provided by the use of a comparative legal analysis of the criminal norms of the CIS in the fight against crime in this area of activity.

scholarly journals Indigenous People, Organized Crime and Natural Resources: Borders, Incentives and Relations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daan P. van Uhm ◽  
Ana G. Grigore
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Environmental Harm ◽  
Criminological Perspective ◽  
History Of ◽  
Organized Crime Groups ◽  
Criminal Groups

AbstractThis article explores the relationship between the Emberá–Wounaan and Akha Indigenous people and organized crime groups vying for control over natural resources in the Darién Gap of East Panama and West Colombia and the Golden Triangle (the area where the borders of Laos, Myanmar (Burma), and Thailand meet), respectively. From a southern green criminological perspective, we consider how organized crime groups trading in natural resources value Indigenous knowledge. We also examine the continued victimization of Indigenous people in relation to environmental harm and the tension between Indigenous peoples’ ecocentric values and the economic incentives presented to them for exploiting nature. By looking at the history of the coloniality and the socioeconomic context of these Indigenous communities, this article generates a discussion about the social framing of the Indigenous people as both victims and offenders in the illegal trade in natural resources, particularly considering the types of relationships established with dominant criminal groups present in their ancestral lands.

Enclaves of Banditry: Ungoverned Forest Spaces and Cattle Rustling in Northern Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ifeanyi Onwuzuruigbo
Keyword(s):  
Forest Governance ◽  
Governance Structures ◽  
Northern Nigeria ◽  
The Government ◽  
Criminal Groups ◽  
Cattle Rustling

Abstract Parts of northern Nigeria are becoming enclaves of banditry for gangs of cattle rustlers who maraud largely ungoverned forests. Extant studies of banditry shy away from serious interrogation of cattle rustling and ungoverned forest spaces in northern Nigeria. Onwuzuruigbo investigates the connection between cattle rustling and ungoverned forest spaces, highlighting the role of criminal groups in creating their own governance structures. The upswing in cattle rustling may thus be attributed to poor forest governance, which effectively keeps the government and its agents away from forests. Inclusive forest governance is one path toward addressing cattle rustling in northern Nigeria.

Ways to counteract transnational crime in Russia

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-20
Author(s):  
Vasiliy Aleksandrovich Dadalko ◽  
Victoria Aleksandrovna Pobedushkina
Keyword(s):  
International Cooperation ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Transnational Crime ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Transnational Organized Crime ◽  
Effective Work ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
The World ◽  
Criminal Groups ◽  
Current Mechanism

The article is devoted to possible ways of counteracting transnational organized crime in Russia. A number of proposals have been developed to change and toughen the measures to combat transnational crime in Russia. The current situation of transnational criminal groups in the world is analyzed, and the threat they pose is demonstrated. The importance of strengthening international cooperation for effective work in this direction is noted. The current mechanism of counteraction in foreign countries is considered. The materials of the article can be used as teaching materials for courses related to economic security.

scholarly journals Transnational crime: features and basic models

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (20) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
О. V. Tkachova
Keyword(s):  
Organized Crime ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Transnational Crime ◽  
Rapid Adaptation ◽  
Transnational Organized Crime ◽  
Spheres Of Influence ◽  
Ethnic Network ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Criminal Groups

The study found that the features of modern transnational organized crime are: rapid adaptation to realities, instant response to changes and transformations in life and economy, the ability to improve and adjust the methods and tools used in activities; coordination; rationality; thoughtfulness and systematic actions; systematization; the desire to minimize potential risks and get the most profit and maximum profits. Such models of transnational organized crime as: corporate, trade unions, partnerships, ethnic, network are considered. Modern transnational criminal groups, regardless of model, have been shown to be “well-concealed, well-off criminal communities with a well-defined internal structure, distribution of spheres of influence and functions, and extensive interregional or international ties. It is emphasized that now transnational crime is turning into cybercrime. This is made possible by the fact that it is easier to hide criminal activity on the Internet, anonymity is ensured, and it is possible to act uncontrollably, which, in turn, guarantees security for criminal activity

scholarly journals La industria española de defensa ante los nuevos conflictos: capacidades a aportar

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-81
Author(s):  
Christian Villanueva
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
The Third ◽  
Us Military ◽  
Knowing That ◽  
The Us ◽  
Revolution In Military Affairs ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Military Revolution ◽  
Criminal Groups

Conflicts such as Nagorno-Karabakh, the Donbas, Libya, Syria and Yemen have shown that even in such different scenarios, the diffusion of the key advances that were at the heart of the Revolution in Military Affairs is a fact. Moreover, most of these advances are so well established that they are now in daily use not only by many states, but also by their proxies and even by transnational terrorist and criminal groups. This phenomenon is intimately associated with the erosion of US military superiority, a country that is seeing how the People's Republic of China or the Russian Federation, but also North Korea or Iran, are capable of challenging the former superpower. In this scenario, aware of the need to compensate for the advances made by the other players, the US has launched a series of initiatives, such as the Third Offset Strategy, aimed at achieving new technological and arms developments that could lead to a new Revolution in Military Affairs or, perhaps, a full-fledged Military Revolution. In this complex context, in which conflicts fought with inherited means will converge with new weapons, systems and platforms and with the entry into service of developments that we cannot yet imagine, the Spanish defence industry will have to struggle to survive, knowing that its main customer - the Spanish Ministry of Defence - is in a very delicate situation in terms of facing this new stage.

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