scholarly journals Passive degassing at Nyiragongo (D.R. Congo) and Etna (Italy) volcanoes

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Calabrese ◽  
Sarah Scaglione ◽  
Silvia Milazzo ◽  
Walter D'Alessandro ◽  
Nicole Bobrowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Major And Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element Composition ◽  
Bulk Deposition ◽  
Volcanic Plume ◽  
Strong Impact ◽  
Volcanic Emissions ◽  
Endemic Plant ◽  
The Impact

<p>Volcanoes are well known as an impressive large natural source of trace elements into the troposphere. Etna (Italy) and Nyiragongo (D.R. Congo) are two stratovolcanoes located in different geological settings, both characterized by persistent passive degassing from their summit craters. Here, we present some results on trace element composition in volcanic plume emissions, atmospheric bulk deposition (rainwater) and their uptake by the surrounding vegetation, with the aim to compare and identify differences and similarities between these two volcanoes. Volcanic emissions were sampled by using active filter-pack for acid gases (sulfur and halogens) and specific teflon filters for particulates (major and trace elements). The impact of the volcanogenic deposition in the surrounding of the crater rims was investigated by using different sampling techniques: bulk rain collectors gauges were used to collect atmospheric bulk deposition, and biomonitoring technique was carried out to collect gases and particulates by using endemic plant species. The estimates of the trace element fluxes confirm that Etna and Nyiragongo are large sources of metals into the atmosphere, especially considering their persistent state of passive degassing. The large amount of emitted trace elements has a strong impact on the close surrounding of both volcanoes. This is clearly reflected by in the chemical composition of rainwater collected at the summit areas both for Etna and Nyiragongo. Moreover, the biomonitoring results highlight that bioaccumulation of trace elements is extremely high in the proximity of the crater rim and decreases with the distance from the active craters.</p>

scholarly journals Supplemental Material: Forearc magmatic evolution during subduction initiation: Insights from an Early Cretaceous Tibetan ophiolite and comparison with the Izu-Bonin-Mariana forearc

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Gen Dai ◽  
et al.
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Major And Trace Elements ◽  
Magmatic Evolution ◽  
Isotopic Data ◽  
Subduction Initiation ◽  
Mariana Forearc

Detailed analytical methods in Text S1, major- and trace-element compositions of clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, and amphibole, whole-rock major and trace elements, Sr-Nd isotopic data, and zircon U-Pb and Lu-Hf data in Tables S1–S7; Figures S1–S5.

Current issues in trace element nutrition of grazing livestock in Australia and New Zealand

1999 ◽  
Vol 50 (8) ◽  
pp. 1341 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. G. Masters ◽  
G. J. Judson ◽  
C. L. White ◽  
J. Lee ◽  
N. D. Grace
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Recent Work ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Trace Element Composition ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Pastoral System ◽  
Trace Element Nutrition ◽  
Grazing Livestock

Improving trace element nutrition of grazing animals, in a way that is cost effective and that meets consumer perceptions and preferences, is a continuing challenge. This review focuses on research over the past 10 years, addressing issues and perspectives on the roles, risks of inadequacy, and supplementary remedies of key trace elements, both essential and deleterious, which have an impact on the productivity and product quality of grazing livestock throughout Australia and New Zealand. The emphasis is on copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), iodine (I), selenium (Se), and, to a lesser extent, zinc (Zn) — the trace elements most frequently found to be deficient in parts of Australia and New Zealand. Research continues to elucidate new roles for trace elements in the animal, and as this leads to a better understanding of requirements, diagnostic criteria and supplementation strategies need re-evaluation. Newer perspectives on marginal deficiency for Cu, I, Se, and Zn are given and issues for risk management discussed. Advances in sustained delivery of trace elements such as Co (as vitamin B12), I, and Se are reported. The diagnosis and management of marginal Cu deficiency continue to be difficult, especially in New Zealand where recent work has shown that dietary antagonists [iron (Fe), molybdenum (Mo), and sulfur (S)] may impair Cu absorption at lower intakes than previously thought. There is still a dearth of scientific data on the advantages of using so-called organic trace element supplements (metals complexed or chelated with amino acids or peptides). Nevertheless their usage continues to increase. There is increasing evidence that trace elements influence the pathophysiology arising from the ingestion of toxins. This review summarises recent work on the role of Co in annual ryegrass toxicity; Cu, Se, and Zn in lupinosis; Cu and alkaloid toxicity; Zn and facial eczema; and Co and white liver disease. Trace elements are required to support immune function (e.g. as imposed parasite infection) and marginal deficiencies may be exacerbated by an immunological challenge. The roles of Cu, Co, Mo, Se, and, to a lesser extent, chromium and Zn have attracted attention and under conditions of stress there may be an additional need for these elements. Diversification in farming has led to the introduction of species such as deer (Cervus), alpacas (Camilids), emus, and ostriches (Ratites) and the paucity of information on trace element requirements for these species, and also for horses, indicates the need for further work. The effect of supplementation on trace element composition of meat, milk, and wool is also reviewed, both in terms of product characteristics and human health. Of the deleterious elements, cadmium has attracted the most interest and concern because of its introduction into the pastoral system from phosphate-based fertilisers.

Deconvolution of the composition of fine-grained pyrite in sedimentary matrix by regression of time-resolved LA-ICP-MS data

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (6) ◽  
pp. 820-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandr S. Stepanov ◽  
Leonid V. Danyushevsky ◽  
Ross R. Large ◽  
Indrani Mukherjee ◽  
Irina A. Zhukova
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Sedimentary Rocks ◽  
Trace Element Composition ◽  
Element Composition ◽  
Silicate Matrix ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Pyrite is a common mineral in sedimentary rocks and is the major host for many chalcophile trace elements utilized as important tracers of the evolution of the ancient hydrosphere. Measurement of trace element composition of pyrite in sedimentary rocks is challenging due to fine-grain size and intergrowth with silicate matrix and other sulfide minerals. In this contribution, we describe a method for calculation of trace element composition of sedimentary pyrite from time-resolved LA-ICP-MS data. The method involves an analysis of both pyrite and pyrite-free sediment matrix, segmentation of LA-ICP-MS spectra, normalization to total, regression analysis of dependencies between the elements, and calculation of normalized composition of the mineral. Sulfur is chosen as an explanatory variable, relative to which all regressions are calculated. The S content value used for calculation of element concentrations from the regressions is calculated from the total, eliminating the need for independent constraints. The algorithm allows efficient measurement of concentrations of multiple chalcophile trace elements in pyrite in a wide range of samples, including quantification of detection limits and uncertainties while excluding operator bias. The data suggest that the main sources of uncertainties in pyrite composition are sample heterogeneity and counting statistics for elements of low abundance. The analysis of regression data of time-resolved LA-ICP-MS measurements could provide new insights into the geochemistry of the sedimentary rocks and minerals. It allows quantification of ratios of elements that do not have reference material available (such as Hg) and provides estimates on the content of non-sulfidic Fe in the silicate matrix. Regression analysis of the mixed LA-ICP-MS signal could be a powerful technique for deconvolution of phase compositions in complex multicomponent samples.

Zinc and Nickel signature for abiogenic and biogenic magnetite: implications for the origin of magnetite in banded iron formations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohua Han ◽  
Elizabeth Tomaszewski ◽  
Ronny Schönberg ◽  
Yongxin Pan ◽  
James Byrne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Shewanella Oneidensis ◽  
Transformation Products ◽  
Trace Element Composition ◽  
Trace Element Distribution ◽  
Banded Iron Formations ◽  
Hepes Buffer ◽  
Biogenic Magnetite ◽  
Iron Formations

&lt;p&gt;There are longstanding and ongoing controversies about the abiogenic or biogenic origin of magnetite in banded iron formations (BIFs). The trace element composition of magnetite was proposed as a promising tracer for distinguishing biogenic from abiogenic magnetite, which, however, remains to be explored quantitatively. Here, we compared the partitioning of trace elements Zinc (Zn) and Nickel (Ni) in both abiogenic and biogenic magnetite produced either by an abiotic reaction of ferrihydrite with by Fe&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;sub&gt;aq&lt;/sub&gt; or by Fe(III)-reducing bacteria &lt;em&gt;Shewanella oneidensis&lt;/em&gt; MR-1. We compared the transformation of three different ferrihydrite (Fh) starting materials: 1) Control Fh without added trace elements, 2) ferrihydrite with co-precipitated Zn (ZnFh) and 3) ferrihydrite with co-precipitated Ni (NiFh) &amp;#8211; both in either NaHCO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; or HEPES buffer. We monitored Fe concentration and speciation in both aqueous and solid phases over time using the spectrophotometric ferrozine assay, analyzed Fh transformation products by M&amp;#246;ssbauer spectroscopy as well as X-ray diffraction and quantified Zn and Ni in solution and in the minerals by iCAP-Qc quadrupole mass spectrometer after acidic dissolution of the minerals. In summary our results revealed that both Zn and Ni are much more depleted in abiogenic magnetite than those in biogenic magnetite, independent of whether magnetite was precipitated in NaHCO&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; or HEPES buffer. Although further analyses are needed, this suggests that the trace element distribution could be a chemical signature to distinguish biogenic from abiogenic magnetite in BIFs.&lt;/p&gt;

Self-limiting atmospheric lifetime of environmentally reactive elements in volcanic plumes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgenia Ilyinskaya ◽  
Emily Mason ◽  
Penny Wieser ◽  
Lacey Holland ◽  
Emma Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Atmospheric Dispersion ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Volcanic Plume ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Volcanic Emissions ◽  
Metal Pollutants ◽  
Volcanic Plumes ◽  
Pollutant Concentrations ◽  
Cadmium And Lead

&lt;p&gt;Volcanoes are a large global source of almost every element, including ~20 environmentally reactive trace elements classified as metal pollutants (e.g. selenium, cadmium and lead). Fluxes of metal pollutants from individual eruptions can be comparable to total anthropogenic emissions from large countries such as China.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The 2018 Lower East Rift Zone eruption of K&amp;#299;lauea, Hawaii produced exceptionally high emission rates of major and trace chemical species compared to other basaltic eruptions over 3 months (200 kt/day of SO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;; Kern et al. 2019). We tracked the volcanic plume from vent to exposed communities over 0-240 km distance using in-situ sampling and atmospheric dispersion modelling. This is the first time that trace elements in volcanic emissions (~60 species) are mapped over such distances. In 2019, we repeated the field campaign during a no-eruption period and showed that volcanic emissions had caused 3-5 orders of magnitude increase in airborne metal pollutant concentrations across the Island of Hawai&amp;#8217;i.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We show that the volatility of the elements (the ease with which they are degassed from the magma) controls their particle-phase speciation, which in turn determines how fast they are depleted from the plume after emission. Elements with high magmatic volatilities (e.g. selenium, cadmium and lead) have up to 6 orders of magnitude higher depletion rates compared to non-volatile elements (e.g. magnesium, aluminium and rare earth metals).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Previous research and hazard mitigation efforts on volcanic emissions have focussed on sulphur and it has been assumed that other pollutants follow the same dispersion patterns. Our results show that the atmospheric fate of sulphur, and therefore the associated hazard distribution, does not represent an accurate guide to the behaviour and potential impacts of other species in volcanic emissions. Metal pollutants are predominantly volatile in volcanic plumes, and their rapid deposition (self-limited by their volatility) places disproportionate environmental burdens on the populated areas in the immediate vicinity of the active and, in turn, reduces the impacts on far-field communities.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Reference: Kern, C., T. Elias, P. Nadeau, A. H. Lerner, C. A. Werner, M. Cappos, L. E. Clor, P. J. Kelly, V. J. Realmuto, N. Theys, S. A. Carn, AGU, 2019; https://agu.confex.com/agu/fm19/meetingapp.cgi/Paper/507140.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Natural Enrichment of Trace Elements in Surface Horizons of Calcareous Soils (La Mancha, Spain)

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Bravo Martín-Consuegra ◽  
Jose A. Amorós Ortíz-Villajos ◽  
Caridad Pérez-de-los-Reyes ◽  
Francisco J. García Navarro ◽  
Rolando Ruedas Luna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Calcareous Soils ◽  
Major And Trace Elements ◽  
Soil Profiles ◽  
Geochemical Characterization ◽  
Average Value ◽  
La Mancha ◽  
Original Rock

The study of five soil profiles developed on carbonatic sediments of Tertiary Miocene origin has been carried out. The topography of the area was basically flat and the traditional uses of the soils are the cultivation of dry cereals and grapevine. The geochemical characterization of the aforementioned profiles involves a study of the contents of major and trace elements among other pedologic aspects (texture, pH, organic matter, etc.). The results of this study also indicate a superficial enrichment of trace elements due to the leaching of Ca and moderate biological and anthropic activity. We can consider strontium, Sr, as the trace element that characterizes these limy soils (435 mg/kg average content in total soil and 708 mg/kg in the original rock). These contents are similar to the average value in Castilla-La Mancha of 380 mg/kg and are higher than the average in world soils of about 200 mg/kg. High levels of dangerous or pollutant elements (Cd, Hg, Pb, Cu, Zn, or Ni) were not detected. The majority of trace element anomalies are related to calcareous material and the leaching of calcium carbonate (Ca), while the influence of the anthropogenic factor is secondary. Soil quality does not indicate toxicity although surficial enrichment suggests a weak threat from consuming crops.

Minor- and trace-element composition of trioctahedral micas: a review

2001 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Tischendorf ◽  
H.-J. Förster ◽  
B. Gottesmann
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Analytical Data ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Trace Element Composition ◽  
Element Composition ◽  
Element Partitioning ◽  
Analytical Strategies ◽  
Variscan Granites ◽  
Host Rocks

AbstractMore than 19,000 analytical data mainly from the literature were used to study statistically the distribution patterns of F and the oxides of minor and trace elements (Ti, Sn, Sc, V, Cr, Ga, Mn, Co, Ni, Zn, Sr, Ba, Rb, Cs) in trioctahedral micas of the system phlogopite-annite/siderophyllite-polylithionite (PASP), which is divided here into seven varieties, whose compositional ranges are defined by the parametermgli(= octahedral Mg minus Li). Plots of trace-element contentsvs.mglireveal that the elements form distinct groups according to the configuration of their distribution patterns. Substitution of most of these elements was established as a function ofmgli. Micas incorporate the elements in different abundances of up to four orders of magnitude between the concentration highs and lows in micas of ‘normal’ composition. Only Zn, Sr and Sc are poorly correlated tomgli. In compositional extremes, some elements (Zn, Mn, Ba, Sr, Cs, Rb) may be enriched by up to 2–3 orders of magnitude relative to their mean abundance in the respective mica variety. Mica/melt partition coefficients calculated for Variscan granites of the German Erzgebirge demonstrate that trace-element partitioning is strongly dependent on the position of the mica in the PASP system, which has to be considered in petrogenetic modelling.This review indicates that for a number of trace elements, the concentration ranges are poorly known for some of the mica varieties, as they are for particular host rocks (i.e. igneous rocks of A-type affiliation). The study should help to develop optimal analytical strategies and to provide a tool to distinguish between micas of ‘normal’ and ‘abnormal’ trace-element composition.

scholarly journals Metals composition of the surface waters of the Southern Baikal region and its connection with landscape and geological conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 486 (5) ◽  
pp. 613-619
Author(s):  
M. Yu. Semenov ◽  
V. A. Snytko ◽  
Yu. M. Semenov ◽  
A. V. Silaev ◽  
L. N. Semenova
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Lake Baikal ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Trace Element Composition ◽  
Element Composition ◽  
Water Migration ◽  
Element Concentrations ◽  
Geological Conditions

The metal composition of water and bottom sediments of southern Lake Baikal tributaries was studied and the water migration coefficients for micro- and trace elements were calculated. The map showing the study area divided into zones according to their ability to provide the certain water quality was drawn. The significant differences in mineralization, macro- and trace element composition between Lake Baikal water and tributary waters were found out. It was shown that values of water migration coefficients calculated for macro elements are similar in southern and main tributaries whereas coefficient values calculated for trace elements are quite different. This is due to dissolved matter sources such as rocks and deep ground waters which chemical composition is not typical for landscapes of Lake Baikal basin. The contribution of southern tributaries to macro element composition of lake water is between 7 and 15%, whereas tributaries contribution to trace element composition can hardly be evaluated because of higher element concentrations in riverine waters. The lower trace element concentrations in lake water with respect to riverine one is due to trace element migration in the form of complex organic compounds: long water residence time in lake favors to organic compounds decay by means of microbial- and photo-degradation followed by metal precipitation.

scholarly journals Trace element nutrition in the tropical zebu cattle type. Lessons from the Gilgel Gibe catchment, Ethiopia

Afrika Focus ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronique Dermauw
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Health Production ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Trace Element Status ◽  
Trace Element Nutrition ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
The Impact

In the tropics, cattle are majorly dependent on natural pastures growing on poor soils and as a result prone to trace element deficiencies. This work investigated several aspects of trace element nutrition in zebu (Bos indicus) cattle, the most widely used cattle type in the tropics. Through several trials conducted at the Gilgel Gibe catchment, Ethiopia, we aimed to study factors influencing the flow of trace elements from soil to plant and grazing zebu cattle, and to investigate the impact of trace element status on health, production and trace elements in animal products. Overall, trace element, e.g., Cu, deficiencies were widely prevalent. Environment and certain grazing strategies were intimately related and affected trace element supply whereas cattle type affected trace element status. The effect of trace element status on trace elements in animal products was obvious, whereas the impact on health and production was less clear-cut. Key words: trace elements, minerals, cattle, zebu, Bos indicus, Ethiopia, tropics 

scholarly journals PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND TRACE ELEMENT METABOLISM

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
A.A. Skalny ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cobalt Chromium ◽  
Essential Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element Metabolism ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Currently, there is no doubt about the prevailing influence of the level of physical activity of an individual on the functional state of the body. However, the available literature data on the impact of physical stress on the body's supply of trace elements and their distribution in tissues are largely contradictory. This review of available literature data provides an insight into the relationship between physical activity and microelement homeostasis. The influence of human physical activity on the exchange of toxic (lead, cadmium, Nickel, etc.) and essential trace elements, such as iron, selenium, copper, cobalt, chromium, and zinc is reviewed. Based on the analyzed works, it is concluded that in order to correct the metabolic and microelement status of a person during physical activity, the most reasonable and necessary is the modulation of homeostasis of zinc and selenium.

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