scholarly journals Using non-structural mitigation measures to maintain business continuity: a multi-stakeholder engagement strategy

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. SE324
Author(s):  
Monica Amaral Ferreira ◽  
Carlos Sousa Oliveira ◽  
Mário Lopes ◽  
Francisco Mota de Sá ◽  
Gemma Musacchio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Earthquake Hazard ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Business Community ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Earthquake Risk ◽  
Business And Society ◽  
Critical Systems ◽  
Research Production ◽  
Earthquake Losses ◽  
Project Outcome

Encouraging property owners and individuals to adopt mitigation measures to improve the resilience of their buildings and equipments to seismic hazard has been a major challenge in many earthquake- prone countries. Few business leaders are aware of the fragility of their supply chains or other critical systems due to earthquake hazard. Bridging the gap between research production and research use is another crucial challenge for the earthquake risk research process. The KnowRISK project outcome is aimed at encouraging the proactive engagement of multi- stakeholders (community at large, schools, business community and local govern-ment groups) undertaking non-structural mitigation measures that will minimize earthquake losses to individuals and communities. Engaging stakeholders, taking into account their needs and inputs to maintain critical and urgent business activities, can contribute to the research findings and ensure that our data collection is thorough and complete. Engagement with stakeholders, during the whole process can lead to improved outcomes and for the development of viable solutions, for business and society, because of stakeholder’s role and influence within the organizations.

Policy Design for Earthquake Hazard Mitigation: Lessons from Energy Conservation, Radon Reduction, and Termite Control

1998 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 629-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter J. May ◽  
Raymond J. Burby ◽  
Howard Kunreuther
Keyword(s):  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Institutional Design ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Earthquake Hazard ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Earthquake Risk ◽  
Termite Control ◽  
Policies And Programs

The failure of homeowners to invest in mitigation measures for reducing potential losses from earthquakes presents a major obstacle to stemming economic losses. The design of earthquake risk reduction policies requires an understanding of the appropriate combination of institutional and individual incentives for inducing investment in mitigation. We address the challenges of inducing protective actions by considering the experiences with energy conservation, radon reduction, and termite control. We examine the institutional design of relevant policies and programs, the role of various intermediaries, and the involvement of third parties in creating markets for services. From this, we draw lessons about the leveraging of governmental resources, fostering of markets for services, and carrying out of programs for outreach and education.

Ethics and the Ruling Relations of Research Production

2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carole Truman
Keyword(s):  
Research Ethics ◽  
Ethics Committees ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Research Governance ◽  
Community Mental Health Service ◽  
Moral Obligations ◽  
Research Participants ◽  
Research Production ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
Ethical Approval

The role of research ethics committees has expanded across the UK and North America and the process of ethical review has become re-institutionalised under proposals for research governance proposed by government. Ethics committees have gained a powerful role as gatekeepers within the research process. Underpinning the re-constitution of ethical guidelines and research governance, are a range of measures which protect institutional interests, without necessarily providing an effective means to address the moral obligations and responsibilities of researchers in relation to the production of social research. Discussion of research ethics from the standpoint of research participants who in this paper, are service users within health and social care, provides a useful dimension to current debate. In this paper I draw upon experiences of gaining ethical approval for a research study which focused on user participation within a community mental health service. I discuss the strategies used to gain ethical approval and the ‘formal concerns’ raised by the ethics committee. I then describe and discuss ethical issues which emerged from a participants’ perspective during the actual research as it was carried out. These experiences are analysed using aspects of institutional ethnography which provides a framework to explore how the experiences of research participants are mediated by texts which govern the processes of research production. The paper highlights incongruities between the formal ethical regulation of research, and the experiences of research participants in relation to ethical concerns within a research process.

Potential Losses in a Repeat of the 1886 Charleston, South Carolina, Earthquake

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1157-1184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Wong ◽  
Jawhar Bouabid ◽  
William Graf ◽  
Charles Huyck ◽  
Allan Porush ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Seismic Source ◽  
The State ◽  
Earthquake Risk ◽  
Loss Assessment ◽  
Ground Shaking ◽  
Earthquake Scenarios ◽  
Earthquake Losses ◽  
Fire Stations

A comprehensive earthquake loss assessment for the state of South Carolina using HAZUS was performed considering four different earthquake scenarios: a moment magnitude ( M) 7.3 “1886 Charleston-like” earthquake, M 6.3 and M 5.3 events also from the Charleston seismic source, and an M 5.0 earthquake in Columbia. Primary objectives of this study were (1) to generate credible earthquake losses to provide a baseline for coordination, capability development, training, and strategic planning for the South Carolina Emergency Management Division, and (2) to raise public awareness of the significant earthquake risk in the state. Ground shaking, liquefaction, and earthquake-induced landsliding hazards were characterized using region-specific inputs on seismic source, path, and site effects, and ground motion numerical modeling. Default inventory data on buildings and facilities in HAZUS were either substantially enhanced or replaced. Losses were estimated using a high resolution 2- km×2- km grid rather than the census tract approach used in HAZUS. The results of the loss assessment indicate that a future repeat of the 1886 earthquake would be catastrophic, resulting in possibly 900 deaths, more than 44,000 injuries, and a total economic loss of $20 billion in South Carolina alone. Schools, hospitals, fire stations, ordinary buildings, and bridges will suffer significant damage due to the general lack of seismic design in the state. Lesser damage and losses will be sustained in the other earthquake scenarios although even the smallest event could result in significant losses.

scholarly journals Correspondence, Unpublished Papers and Data: Present making of Historical Records

1989 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
pp. 168-170
Author(s):  
Anne-Marie Motais de Narbonne
Keyword(s):  
Small Groups ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
Data Bases ◽  
Technological Research ◽  
Research Production ◽  
Personal Involvement ◽  
Public Data ◽  
Fundamental Research ◽  
Astronomical Research

Research process generates public and formal informations accessible through published documents or public data bases which libraries are used to deal with. It also generates informal, anachieved informations in format of correspondances, notes, calculus, reports, drawings... or other unpublished documents that libraries must not either leave aside.Since fundamental research, versus technological research for instance, implies great personal involvement, informal informations are mainly issued from individuals or small groups of individuals. It is probably the reason why this kind of informations and documents is often considered erronously as private by astronomers deciding by themselves to destroy, to move or leave behind their so-called personal papers. These documents and informations actually belong to the institutions. They must be preserved because they are part of the research production and also because they may be used for astronomical research as it is illustrated in S. Débarbat’s communication.

scholarly journals Life on the Wellington Fault: Managing Geological Collections and Earthquake Risk

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. e26230
Author(s):  
Delia Strong ◽  
Marianna Terezow
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Earth Science ◽  
Active Faults ◽  
Earthquake Hazard ◽  
Return Time ◽  
Disaster Mitigation ◽  
Earthquake Risk ◽  
Ground Shaking ◽  
Reference Collection

GNS Science is home to New Zealand’s national rock, mineral and fossil collections. The National Petrology Reference Collection (NPRC) is a ‘nationally significant’ collection of rocks and minerals from on- and off-shore New Zealand, Antarctica and the rest of the world. The National Paleontological Collection (NPC) is another nationally significant collection; of fossil material from New Zealand, the South West Pacific region and Antarctica, with some overseas additions. Their status as nationally significant collections mean that GNS Science is contracted by the New Zealand Government to provide long-term collection management. Collectively, the NPC and NPRC constitute more than 200,000 samples, dating from the earliest days of New Zealand geology exploration in the late 1800s. The collections continue to grow by hundreds to thousands of samples per year, and are loaned nationally and internationally for scientific research. They are by far the largest collections of fossils, rocks and minerals housed in New Zealand, and are important earth science archives for the entire Zealandian Southern Ocean region. The collections are housed on-site at GNS Science in Lower Hutt, a few hundred meters from the surface trace of the Wellington Fault and within striking distance of other active faults that could generate major earthquakes. Best estimates suggest that the Wellington Region has an average return time of about 150 years for very strong or extreme ground shaking. Such proximity to this significant, active hazard means that steps must be taken to ensure the long-term security and integrity of the collections in the event of earthquake shaking, as well as other natural and non-natural disasters. To that end, the collection managers have written and implemented disaster mitigation, preparedness and recovery plans for the National Petrology Reference Collection and National Paleontological Collection. Here we define the earthquake hazard posed by the Wellington Fault, assess the risk to the collections, and present steps taken to manage that risk.

scholarly journals Using RISKPLAN for Earthquake Risk Assessment in Sichuan Province, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Shi ◽  
Klaus Seeland
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Risk Evaluation ◽  
Seismic Event ◽  
Sichuan Province ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Earthquake Risk ◽  
Risk Awareness ◽  
Evaluation Tool ◽  
Growth Center ◽  
Earthquake Risk Assessment

Sichuan Province of China is a prominent population and economic growth center as well as an earthquake-stricken region. A sound understanding of the seismic risk that Sichuan Province is facing is useful to raise risk awareness, achieve disaster risk reduction (DRR), and guarantee sustainable socio-economic development. Earthquake risk assessment is the first step in these efforts. This study strives to demonstrate the feasibility of applying an integrated earthquake risk assessment in Sichuan Province of China using RISKPLAN, a risk evaluation tool of natural hazards developed by the Swiss Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN). The time and location of seismic events in Sichuan were incorporated into three scenarios and calculated with respect to expected losses under different assumed conditions of earthquake occurrence, such as the recurrence interval and magnitude. Furthermore, cost-effectiveness calculations were made regarding the various possible scenarios to assess the ratio of expected losses and the required financial means for prevention and mitigation measures against the effects of seismic activities in Sichuan. Our results show that when the magnitude of the seismic event is greater than expected, reduction and mitigation investments for a possible earthquake risk will be all the more rewarding.

The Ethnographic Method in CSR Research: The Role and Importance of Methodological Fit

2016 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Erin Bass ◽  
Ivana Milosevic
Keyword(s):  
Research Process ◽  
Business And Society ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
High Quality ◽  
High Quality Research ◽  
Quality Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
Society Research

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) research has burgeoned in the past several decades. Despite significant advances, our review of the literature reveals a problematic gap: We know little about how culture, practices, and interactions shape CSR. On further investigation, we discover that limited research utilizes ethnography to understand CSR, which may provide some explanation for this gap. Thus, the purpose of this article is to illustrate the utility of ethnography for advancing business and society research via a multistage framework that demonstrates how three different types of ethnography may be applied to the exploration of CSR. We specifically focus on the alignment between stages in the research process, or methodological fit, as a key criterion of high-quality research. In doing so, we provide researchers embracing different worldviews a tool they may utilize to conduct and evaluate ethnographies in business and society research.

scholarly journals Development of a global seismic risk model

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 372-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitor Silva ◽  
Desmond Amo-Oduro ◽  
Alejandro Calderon ◽  
Catarina Costa ◽  
Jamal Dabbeek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Risk Model ◽  
Risk Mitigation ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Earthquake Risk ◽  
Industrial Buildings ◽  
Earthquake Model ◽  
Hazard And Risk ◽  
Vulnerability Functions ◽  
Regional Programs

Since 2015, the Global Earthquake Model (GEM) Foundation and its partners have been supporting regional programs and bilateral collaborations to develop an open global earthquake risk model. These efforts led to the development of a repository of probabilistic seismic hazard models, a global exposure dataset comprising structural and occupancy information regarding the residential, commercial and industrial buildings, and a comprehensive set of fragility and vulnerability functions for the most common building classes. These components were used to estimate probabilistic earthquake risk globally using the OpenQuake-engine, an open-source software for seismic hazard and risk analysis. This model allows estimating a number of risk metrics such as annualized average losses or aggregated losses for particular return periods, which are fundamental to the development and implementation of earthquake risk mitigation measures.

scholarly journals Earthquake Hazard Knowledge, Preparedness, and Risk Reduction in the Bangladeshi Readymade Garment Industry

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 10147
Author(s):  
Edris Alam
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Earthquake Hazard ◽  
Workplace Safety ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Earthquake Risk ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Fire Hazards ◽  
Extra Effort ◽  
Main Driver

The Bangladeshi readymade garment (RMG) industry is considered the main driver of economic transformation, as it employs many unskilled and underprivileged people. However, recently, the RMG industry has faced international concern because of several building collapses and fire incidents, indicating inadequacy in the structural design and preparedness measures in the factory buildings. This research aims to understand earthquake hazard knowledge, preparedness, and emergency response, which may contribute to earthquake risk reduction in the RMG industry in Bangladesh. A survey using the methods of structured and semi-structured interviews and field observations was carried out to achieve the aims of this research. The findings suggest that 43% of these workers perceived their workplace as being a highly fire-prone environment, while 55 respondents believed that they were at risk of both fires and earthquakes. Only two percent believed that the workplaces are only at risk of earthquakes because the industries they work for have a zero-tolerance policy toward fire hazards. It was noted that the preparedness and improvement strategies were exclusively focused on fire hazards and related safety programs. Finally, the research suggests that the RMG industry may strengthen its earthquake risk reduction program by improving preparedness within the current workplace safety manuals without incurring extra effort and cost.

scholarly journals Earthquake Risk Assessment for Tehran, Iran

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 430
Author(s):  
Farnaz Kamranzad ◽  
Hossein Memarian ◽  
Mehdi Zare
Keyword(s):  
Population Distribution ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Active Faults ◽  
Earthquake Hazard ◽  
Earthquake Risk ◽  
Vulnerability Factors ◽  
Surface Rupture ◽  
Hazard Exposure ◽  
Vulnerability Maps ◽  
Earthquake Risk Assessment

The megacity of Tehran, the capital of Iran, is subjected to a high earthquake risk. Located at the central part of the Alpine–Himalayan seismic belt, Tehran is surrounded by several active faults that show some M7+ historical earthquake records. The high seismic hazard in combination with a dense population distribution and several vulnerability factors mean Tehran is one of the top 20 worldwide megacities at a high earthquake risk. This article aims to prepare an assessment of the present-day earthquake risk in Tehran. First, the earthquake risk components including hazard, exposure, and vulnerability are evaluated based on some accessible GIS-based datasets (e.g., seismicity, geology, active faults, population distribution, land use, urban fabric, buildings’ height and occupancy, structure types, and ages, as well as the vicinity to some critical infrastructures). Then, earthquake hazard maps in terms of PGA are prepared using a probabilistic approach as well as a surface rupture width map. Exposure and vulnerability maps are also provided deterministically in terms of population density and hybrid physical vulnerability, respectively. Finally, all these components are combined in a spatial framework and an earthquake risk map is provided for Tehran.

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