scholarly journals Lessico medico italiano e polacco a confronto: il caso dei sintagmi terminologici di tipo malattia di Banti/choroba Bantiego

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-53
Author(s):  
Anna Dyda ◽  
Aleksandra Pronińska

Contrastive analysis of Italian and Polish medical vocabulary: case of terminological syntagms such as malattia di Banti/choroba Bantiego The main objective of this paper is to analyze medical terminology based on eponyms in Italian and Polish languages. The study is divided into an introduction, five sections and a conclusion. In the first part of the paper, the subject was introduced by determining the definitions of certain elements presented in the study, namely eponyms, synonyms and variants. In the following parts of the article, we proceed with the intralinguistic and interlinguistic analysis of eponymic terms. On the intralinguistic level, we have analyzed the eponymic terms in Italian as well as the co-presence of the other terms in medical language, while for interlinguistic analysis we have observed how medical terms with Italian onomastic component are used in the Polish language.

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (5/2020(774)) ◽  
pp. 76-87
Author(s):  
Beata Kuryłowicz

In this paper, 74 medical terms excerpted from Nowy dykcjonarz (New dictionary) by Michał Abraham Trotz were subject to semantic and formal analyses. The relevant material was presented in the context of the medical lexis being in operation in the 16th and 17th centuries and confronted with the medical vocabulary present in the study by W. Bystrzonowski titled Informacya matematyczna (Mathematical information) of 1749. The analysis of the medical terminology collected by Trotz is aimed to expand our knowledge of the medical vocabulary present in the Polish language of the fi rst half of the 18th century since, as specialists note, there are few studies discussing the medical lexis of that period, and therefore our cognition of the scientifi c sphere of the human activity in this respect is limited. The presented analyses show that the medical terminology collected in Nowy dykcjonarz is mainly old lexis, which is well-established in the Polish language, the origin of which is Polish (lexical borrowings include 13 units), and which came into existence as a result of word formation, syntactic, and semantic derivation. The presence of numerous synonymous names, which prove, among others, that the Polish medical terminology has still been in the phase of formation, has also been noticed.


2015 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 110-121
Author(s):  
María Shcherbakova

В течение последних нескольких десятилетий проблемы терминологии привлекли внимание многих исследователей и ученых, что может объясняться растущей важностью науки в жизни людей. Развитие медицинской терминологии началось много веков назад и продолжается по сей день. Основная цель этой работы заключается в рассмотрении терминологического глоссария сердечно-сосудистой системы, созданного на основе  Nomina Anatomical 2001 года, а также в комплексном анализе перевода специализированной терминологии. Наряду с разработкой испано-русского двуязычного глоссария, мы также обратили внимание на анализ собранных данных и комментарии, которые могут предотвратить ошибки и путаницу среди переводчиков и получателей переведенной информации. Для достижения целей мы прибегли к методу анализа параллельных текстов на выбранную тему в испанском и русском языках, а также к методу визуализации, что позволило нам перевести термины из списка и гарантировать высокий уровень точности, объективности, корректности, эквивалентности и адекватности. Основной гипотезой данной статьи является то, что, несмотря на греческое и латинское происхождение большинства выбранных терминов на испанском и значительной их части в русском языке, дословный перевод представляет собой наиболее серьезную и наиболее распространенную ошибку, которую совершают переводчики медицинских текстов, что объясняется особенностями развития медицинских систем в русском и испанском языках, где каждая отрасль терминологии сосредоточилась на своих собственных эволюционных принципах.Resumen: En las últimas décadas, los problemas de la terminología han llamado la atención de muchos investigadores y científicos, lo cual se explica por la creciente importancia que adquiere la ciencia en la vida de las personas. La terminología médica empezó su formación hace siglos y sigue desarrollándose hasta el momento. El objetivo de nuestro trabajo es dar cuenta de la creación de un glosario de la terminología del sistema cardiovascular basada en la Nómina Anatómica del año 2001 y un análisis exhaustivo de la traducción de términos realizada. Además de la elaboración de un glosario bilingüe español-ruso también nos hemos centrado en el análisis de datos recogidos y comentarios que pueden prevenir errores y confusiones para los traductores y otros destinatarios. Para conseguir los objetivos propuestos hemos optado principalmente por el método de análisis de textos paralelos acerca del tema elegido en español y en ruso, así como el de la metodología de visualización, lo que nos ha permitido traducir los términos de la lista representada garantizando el máximo nivel de fidelidad, objetividad, precisión, equivalencia y adecuación. La hipótesis principal del presente artículo consiste en que, a pesar del origen griego y latín de la mayoría de los términos seleccionados en castellano y una gran parte de los términos en ruso, la traducción literal de éstos representa el error más grave y más frecuente de los traductores de los textos médicos ya que debido a las peculiaridades del desarrollo de los sistemas de lenguajes médicos en español y en ruso, la terminología de cada idioma ha seguido sus propias pautas de evolución.Abstract: During the last few decades the problems of terminology have caught the attention of many researchers and scientists which can be explained by the growing importance of science in the lives of people. Medical terminology formation began centuries ago and keeps developing nowadays. The main objective of this paper is to discuss the terminological glossary of the cardiovascular system created based on the Nomina Anatomical 2001 as well as the comprehensive analysis of specialized terminology translation. Apart from the development of the Spanish-Russian bilingual glossary, I have also focused on the analysis of data collected and comments that can prevent errors and confusion among translators and recipients of the translated information. To achieve the objectives the method of analysis of parallel texts on the subject chosen has been used in Spanish and in Russian, as well as that of visualization, which allowed us to translate the terms from the list and guarantee the highest level of fidelity, objectivity, accuracy, equivalence and adequacy. The main hypothesis of this article is that, despite the Greek and Latin origin of most of the terms selected in Spanish and a large part of the terms in Russian, their literal translation represents the most serious and most common mistake that translators in healthcare setting make due to the peculiarities of the development of medical systems in Spanish and Russian languages, where each language terminology has followed its own guidelines of evolution.  


2010 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 208-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Hobæk Haff

This paper is an exploration of similarities and differences concerning absolute constructions in French, German and Norwegian. In the first part, I have examined a more general question raised by these constructions: the connections between these types of absolute constructions and the matrix subject. I have shown that the means by which the absolute constructions are related to the subject can be morphosyntactic, semantic and pragmatic. The second part contains a purely contrastive analysis. Two issues have been examined: on the one hand, the absolute constructions and their congruent and non-congruent correspondences, on the other, the use of determiners. Essentially, French is different from the two Germanic languages, but similarities also exist between French and German, which are the center of a European Sprachbund.


Author(s):  
Siti - Sa'diah

Abstract This study aimed to investigate differences and similarities of English and Turkish verbal inflection. It was limited on verbal inflection of the three common tenses which are present, past, and future. The data used in this study were gained from both library and field research. The field research conducted was interview to two informants having background as Turkish teachers and one informant as a learner studying Turkish. The result showed that English and Turkish verbal inflections had differences and similarities. The difference was English verbal inflections were occured in Simple Present Tense and Simple Past while Turkish verbal inflections were occured in the three tenses present which is called by Şimdiki Zaman, past which is called by Geçmiş Zaman, and future which is called by Gelecek Zaman. The other difference was on the affixes used to transform the inflection. Turkish had more affixes than English. Whereas, the similarity appeared on the rules in which the process of affix inflection depends on the subjects used. This similarity was only occured on Simple Present Tense in English in which the inflected verb refered to the subject (the third singular person). Keywords: Verbal inflection, English, Turkish, Contrastive analysis


2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 138
Author(s):  
Hasan Mohsen Al-Wadi ◽  
Yusuf Sayed Sharaf Alkhabbaz

Comprehending English medical terms represents a major obstacle for medical students, especially the none-native English speaking learners that might lead some of them to failure sometimes. This study was intended to examine the usefulness of a “pre-lecture medical terminology guide” in improving those students’ academic achievement and class participation during their study of a physiotherapy course. A two-cycle approach of intervention was followed implementing a written pre-lecture guide in the first cycle, and a written pre-lecture guide with a 5-minute explanatory lecture in the second cycle. The obtained results showed a slight improvement in students’ scoring in the first cycle, but a significant one during the second cycle. In addition, the findings revealed students’ preference of pre-lecture medical terminology guide with a 5-minute explanatory lecture as an effective teaching method for them to understand the medical terms in English. The students also showed a positive feedback towards the pre-lecture guide and felt it helped them understand and memorize difficult medical vocabulary more easily. They also believed that the same technique should be used with other physiotherapy classes. 


Author(s):  
Asta Høy

The Danish medical terminology, part of which used to be in pure Latin and Greek, is characterized by an increasing degree of nationalisation, due mainly to the decreasing knowledge of the classical languages. At the same time, the terminology is influenced by English, this century’s medical lingua franca. The present situation calls for an overall language policy including both the status and the corpus of the language for medical purposes. Hopefully, the future Danish Medical Language Advisory Board, which has been in the melting pot for a couple of years, will be able to act as a decision-and consensus-maker concerning these questions. In this article, the types of mor-phemes involved in the construction of the so-called neo-classical compounds are considered. Indeed, it may be assumed that a clear view of the morphological charac-teristics of the Danified neo-classical terms, the hybrids, could be a help in connection with setting up some general guidelines for their construction and spelling which might eliminate the confusion now prevailing in the area.


1921 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-106
Author(s):  
Henry H. Cadbury

In my “Style and Literary Method of Luke” I have argued that the attempt to confirm by means of so-called technical medical terms the tradition that Luke and Acts were written by a physician has failed to establish the presence in these writings of words that were not used freely also by non-medical writers. Indeed, the attempt was bound to fail for the reason that unlike the present medical profession the ancient physician scarcely had a technical vocabulary at all. As Professor G. F. Moore there pointed out (pp. 53 f.), while modern medical terminology is largely made up of foreign words, the scientific words of the Greeks were native to the living language and congenial for ordinary use.


2020 ◽  
pp. 36-46
Author(s):  
Vitaliia Tozhyieva

In connection with the deepening globalization processes and the interaction of scientists from different countries, the linguistic terminology systems of modern Slavic languages in the second half of the XX and at the beginning of the XXI century have been enlarged with new special units, which causes quantitative and qualitative changes in their composition, interest in the problems of the origin, formation and dynamics of this terminology system. The purpose of the study is to establish the regularity of the terminological nomination of linguistic concepts in the Middle and Modern Polish periods (XVI century – 1939). Taking into account the internal and external linguistic factors that influenced the formation and functioning of linguistics terminology in the Polish language, the basic methods of term formation (semantic, morphological, syntactic) are analyzed, confirming, on the one hand, the connection with the common language, and on the other hand, the uniqueness and specificity of the subject linguistic terminology corpus. The consolidation of a special nomination in Polish linguistic terminology at different chronological sections took place in stages. The transition of special words from one category to another (preterms → quasi-terms → terms) displays a system of complex changes in the branched term system of the subject area of linguistics.


2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilde Hasselgård

The present study uses the English-Norwegian Parallel Corpus to investigate the frequency and use of indefinite noun phrases as subjects in English and Norwegian. Since subjects in both languages tend to appear clause-initially, indefinite subjects represent a deviation from the information principle. The clearest difference between the languages is the greater frequency of indefinite subject NPs in English. The lexicogrammatical features of the indefinite subjects and their immediate contexts are relatively similar in both languages. The indefinite subjects most commonly occur with intransitive verb phrases, and often in clauses with presentative or generic meaning. Translation correspondences of indefinite subjects show that the subject NP is retained in congruent form in the majority of cases, but more changes are made in translations from English into Norwegian than the other way round. This is taken to support the findings of the contrastive analysis and furthermore indicates that the light subject constraint is applied more strictly in Norwegian than in English.


1970 ◽  
pp. 215-236
Author(s):  
ALICJA PIHAN-KIJASOWA ◽  
AGNIESZKA MOTYL

Research into the literary Polish language of the 17th century was undertaken relatively late. No significant relevant attempts had been made before the mid-20th century. The first detailed studies were made in the 1950s while the 1970s marked significantly advanced studies on the subject. The first monograph of the 17th century Polish language was published as late as in 2002. However, the monograph, presenting the entire grammar system together with the spelling rules and phonetics, does not conclude research into this period as it is rather general and fails to discuss many major issues related to the language’s evolution, for example the regional conditionings of the course of the normalization processes. This is a shortage plaguing many works on the 17th century Polish language. Therefore, it is very difficult to reconstruct the emergence and geographic distribution of linguistic innovations, over time transferring into a language norm. As for the 17th century, we can only refer to the text norm (or a practical norm/usus). In the century in question, a codified (theoretical) norm had not yet been developed although the grammar instructions from that time include some guidelines on linguistic correctness. As printing had already been well developed, we have enough sources to reconstruct text norms and to show its evolution. By referring to studies and text overviews one may conclude that the 17th century inherited from the 16th century a system largely normalized on various levels: the spelling, phonetics and morphology. On the other hand, it also either inherited or produced co-functional variants which only aspired to becoming a part of the norm. On the basis of selected issues from the realm of phonetics, declension and conjugation, the article shows examples of norms inherited from the previous century and, more importantly, processes of new linguistic norms emerging in the 17th century. These processes have been presented not only in reference to the averaged status in the general Polish language but also, whenever possible, their course is presented in the regional varieties of the language. By resorting to the methodology and terminology developed by Irena Bajerowa, the authors have touched upon the issue of the regionally diversified rate of the normalization processes. However, with reference to the 17th century, we are not able to present many linguistic facts in this specific way. What we need is detailed statistical research that shows the share of the specific variants in the regional variations of the Polish language, in several synchronic sectional views (vertical time segments). This research procedure will allow to show the source of new linguistic norms, the rate at which they disseminate and which regions are the most innovative ones.


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