scholarly journals Task model simulators: a review

2015 ◽  
Vol Volume 3, Issue 3, Special... (Special issue on Task Models) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Lachaume ◽  
Laurent Guittet ◽  
Patrick Girard ◽  
Allan Fousse
Keyword(s):  
Human Activity ◽  
Dynamic Semantics ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Task Model ◽  
Long Time ◽  
International Audience ◽  
Pencil And Paper

International audience La description de l’activité humain-système par des modèles de tâches existe depuis plusieurs années. Après l’époque papier-crayon, les outils d’édition des modèles de tâches ont permis la conception et l’archivage des modèles selon une notation rigoureuse, et la vérification de leur cohérence. Mais la compréhension de la dynamique est restée affaire de spécialiste jusqu’à l’apparition des simulateurs de modèles. Une simulation permet d’appréhender les enchaînements réels de tâches - décrits implicitement par les opérateurs temporels - et de valider les scénarios ainsi réalisés. Cet article décrit et compare les simulateurs actuellement disponibles et maintenus, et explique leurs différents usages en fonction des buts et niveaux d’expertise des utilisateurs. De nouvelles perspectives d’évolutions de ces modèles et outils sont alors définies dans le but d’améliorer leur sémantique. Task modelling has enabled the building of models of human activity for a long time. In the early years, pencil and paper where the only means available to build task models from task model notations. Because of the lack of computed constraints, task models often did not conform to the notation. To solve this problem, some tools were designed by authors in order to help users create, modify and save correct models that conform to the notation syntactic rules. However, understanding the full semantics of task models appeared difficult for practitioners. The dynamic aspects of task models could only be understood "in the user's head". New tools, named simulators, emerged to solve this problem. They allow to "run" or to "simulate" task models and to record scenarios. This execution fulfils the semantics of task model operators, which define the task dynamic semantics. Simulators can be used in many ways such as understanding model semantics, verifying or validating models, building valid scenarios, etc. In this article, we describe and compare currently available and maintained task model simulators, and explain the different usages of these tools, according to user goals and qualifications. Then, we explore the different challenges for these tools to exploit the complete semantics of task models.

scholarly journals Diagnostic difficulties and possibilities of NF1-like syndromes in childhood

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Pinti ◽  
Krisztina Nemeth ◽  
Krisztina Staub ◽  
Anna Lengyel ◽  
Gyorgy Fekete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Neurofibromatosis Type ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Diagnostic Efficiency ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
Pathogenic Variants ◽  
Clinical Diagnostic ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Diagnostic Difficulties ◽  
Clinical Diagnostic Criteria

Abstract Background Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), which is caused by heterozygous inactivating pathogenic variants in the NF1, has poor phenotypic expressivity in the early years of life and there are numerous conditions, including many other tumor predisposition syndromes, that can mimic its appearance. These are collectively termed NF1-like syndromes and are also connected by their genetic background. Therefore, the NF1’s clinical diagnostic efficiency in childhood could be difficult and commonly should be completed with genetic testing. Methods To estimate the number of syndromes/conditions that could mimic NF1, we compiled them through an extensive search of the scientific literature. To test the utility of NF1’s National Institutes of Health (NIH) clinical diagnostic criteria, which have been in use for a long time, we analyzed the data of a 40-member pediatric cohort with symptoms of the NF1-like syndromes’ overlapping phenotype and performed NF1 genetic test, and established the average age when diagnostic suspicion arises. To facilitate timely identification, we compiled strongly suggestive phenotypic features and anamnestic data. Results In our cohort the utility of NF1’s clinical diagnostic criteria were very limited (sensitivity: 80%, specificity: 30%). Only 53% of children with clinically diagnosed NF1 had a detectable NF1 pathogenic variation, whereas 40% of patients without fulfilled clinical criteria tested positive. The average age at first genetic counseling was 9 years, and 40% of children were referred after at least one tumor had already been diagnosed. These results highlight the need to improve NF1-like syndromes’ diagnostic efficiency in childhood. We collected the most extensive spectrum of NF1-like syndromes to help the physicians in differential diagnosis. We recommend the detailed, non-invasive clinical evaluation of patients before referring them to a clinical geneticist. Conclusions Early diagnosis of NF1-like syndromes can help to prevent severe complications by appropriate monitoring and management. We propose a potential screening, diagnostic and management strategy based on our findings and recent scientific knowledge.

Underwriting Automobile Insurance Using Artificial Neural Networks

2011 ◽  
pp. 3865-3870
Author(s):  
Fred Kitchens
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Artificial Neural Networks ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Automobile Insurance ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Artificial Neural ◽  
Pencil And Paper

For hundreds of years, actuaries used pencil and paper to perform their statistical analysis It was a long time before they had the help of a mechanical adding machine. Only recently have they had the benefit of computers. As recently as 1981, computers were not considered important to the process of insurance underwriting. Leading experts in insurance underwriting believed that the judgment factor involved in the underwriting process was too complex for any computer to handle as effectively as a human underwriter (Holtom, 1981). Recent research in the application of technology to the underwriting process has shown that Holtom’s statement may no longer hold true (Gaunt, 1972; Kitchens, 2000; Rose, 1986). The time for computers to take on an important role in the insurance underwriting process may be upon us. The author intends to illustrate the applicability of artificial neural networks to the insurance underwriting process.

scholarly journals Asymmetric Residual Neural Network for Accurate Human Activity Recognition

Information ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Long ◽  
Wuqing Sun ◽  
Zhan Yang ◽  
Osolo Ian Raymond
Keyword(s):  
Activity Recognition ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Human Activity Recognition ◽  
Sensor Data ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Benchmark Datasets ◽  
High Level

Human activity recognition (HAR) using deep neural networks has become a hot topic in human–computer interaction. Machines can effectively identify human naturalistic activities by learning from a large collection of sensor data. Activity recognition is not only an interesting research problem but also has many real-world practical applications. Based on the success of residual networks in achieving a high level of aesthetic representation of automatic learning, we propose a novel asymmetric residual network, named ARN. ARN is implemented using two identical path frameworks consisting of (1) a short time window, which is used to capture spatial features, and (2) a long time window, which is used to capture fine temporal features. The long time window path can be made very lightweight by reducing its channel capacity, while still being able to learn useful temporal representations for activity recognition. In this paper, we mainly focus on proposing a new model to improve the accuracy of HAR. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the ARN model, we carried out extensive experiments on benchmark datasets (i.e., OPPORTUNITY, UniMiB-SHAR) and compared the results with some conventional and state-of-the-art learning-based methods. We discuss the influence of networks parameters on performance to provide insights about its optimization. Results from our experiments show that ARN is effective in recognizing human activities via wearable datasets.

Management of the Lake Kariba Inshore Fishery and Some Thoughts on Biodiversity and Conservation Issues, Zimbabwe

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudo A. Sanyanga
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Indigenous Species ◽  
Lake Kariba ◽  
Evolutionary Changes ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Filling Phase ◽  
Sport Fish ◽  
High Fish

This paper deals with conservation issues and threats faced by the inshore fishery of Lake Kariba, where human actions such as poaching and introduction of alien species are threatening the indigenous species. Lake Kariba is a Man-made Lake that was created in 1956–58 and has undergone a number of changes from a eutrophic stage in its early years to the present oligotrophic state. Tied up with this were changes in hydrology, the initial filling phase being marked with high fish-yields, then the booming of the pestiferous Salvinia molesta, until 1971 marked the end of evolutionary changes and the beginning of the decline in nutrient status of the Lake.One of the two fisheries of Lake Kariba is described: the inshore fishery, which is the richer and more interesting in terms of diversity and conservation. This fishery is exploited by artisanal fishermen who use ‘primitive’ means. The fish species involved are vulnerable, as they take a long time to grow and have generally a low fecundity as compared with the ‘sardines’. The famous sport-fish Hydrocynus vittatus (Tigerfish) is, in particular, threatened by human activities.Fishery regulations and management laws are implemented by LKFRI — a Zimbabwe Government institute under the Department of National Parks & Wildlife Management. Whereas the regulations appear sound and reasonable, economic hardships and human population growth in the hinterland have caused changes in the attitudes of people. Fishing is an easy source of revenue, but policing it has become costly and difficult.

Farewell to antiquarianism. A new ‘grand narrative’ for German-speaking prehistoric archaeology?

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Ulrich Veit
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Public Funding ◽  
Positive Development ◽  
Prehistoric Archaeology ◽  
Cooperative Research ◽  
The Public ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Long Time ◽  
International Audience ◽  
Year 2000

I would first like to thank the editors of Archaeological dialogues for inviting me to comment on Kerstin P. Hofmann and Philipp W. Stockhammer's paper on the present situation of archaeological theory in German-speaking prehistoric archaeology (GSA). The message the authors wish to communicate to an international audience is relatively simple and straightforward. GSA, which for a long time seemed ‘generally uninterested in theoretical debates’ (p. 1), has since about the year 2000 radically changed its outlook. This change is seen reflected in a large corpus of theoretically oriented case studies (represented in a list of some four hundred titles added to the paper), that in the eyes of the authors deserves the attention of the international scientific community. This positive development is interpreted as a result both of a growing interest in overarching research questions of cultural studies and of the public funding of large-scale cooperative research projects.

scholarly journals Artificial Intelligence – (un)justified ambitions and (needless) fears

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-68
Author(s):  
Piotr Krajewski
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
The Future ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Independent Life ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Human Intellect

Artificial Intelligence is undoubtedly one of the greatest achievements of the human intellect; in a sense , it has a creative character, because here one being (i.e. a human) gives (well, maybe not quite yet, but almost) independent life to a different being. The curiosity where this will lead us humans seems to be greater than the questions of anxiety that arise on this occasion. These questions are very diverse and concern almost all aspects of human activity. The interest in the development of new technologies connected with artificial intelligence and with the future is perfectly justified, but what about the risk that is inherent in every invention; moreover, a risk that is usually proportional to its actual importance? This paper contains many questions, not at all original, expressing anxiety, for which we still do not have answers – and probably will not for a long time.

scholarly journals ICT as a Tool for Professional Development: A Reflection on the Practices of those who teach Mathematics in the Early Years

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 49-60
Author(s):  
Marcelo Máximo Purificação ◽  
Nélia Maria Pontes Amado ◽  
Amanda Felix Oliveira ◽  
Lousana de Jesus Santana ◽  
Claudia de Souza Abadalla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Mathematical Knowledge ◽  
Teaching Practice ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Good Teaching Practice ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract: Professional development, seen from a theoretical perspective, can help us answer questions that work together to understand important aspects of good teaching practice. The first question that we put in this bibliographic text seeks to know how the base of mathematical knowledge of students of the Pedagogy course is constituted and from there to understand how technologies are integrated with the knowledge of future teachers, with regard to the development of mathematical knowledge. New technologies are contributing to the drastic changes that have been taking place for a long time and also to the very ones in the history of mankind. For Chauí (2002, p. 278), “the technical instruments are extensions of human body capacities and are intended to increase the relationship of our body with the world”, this can be a variable by which human development is enhanced and, subsequently, professional development.Keywords: Professional Development; TPACK model; Mathematical Knowledge.

To the Question of the Psychology of the Performance of the Musician-Spiritual

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 96-103
Author(s):  
M.V. Lavrik ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Activity ◽  
Musical Instruments ◽  
Psychological Process ◽  
Technical Equipment ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Student Practice ◽  
Psychological Activity

this article pays the attention of teachers and students to some achievements of neurophysiology and psychology in the development of mental motor and human activity. The issue of the development of the mental and psychological process among students of musical instruments as a component of pedagogical activity for a long time in performing pedagogy was not properly touched upon. For a long time, the main goal in training performers in all specialties was the purely technical equipment of the student. Practice teachers were engaged only in the development of motor and motor techniques. It was believed that long mechanical repetitions of the musical text will contribute to the improvement of performing skills. Nowadays, the problem of the psychological activity of the spiritual musician, to which this work is devoted, is deeply studied.

scholarly journals Kebun Raya Bogor Dan Fasilitasnya, Sejarah Dan Fungsi Di Masa Lalu Dan Kini

PANALUNGTIK ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-141
Author(s):  
Deni Sutrisna
Keyword(s):  
Human Activity ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Marginal Land ◽  
High Rainfall ◽  
The Past ◽  
Physical Data ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Recreation Area ◽  
History Of

Bogor city is geographically located between mount Gede and mount Salak. High rainfall, the marginal land traversed by the Ci Sadane river and the Ci Liwung river have long been the locations of human activity. Starting from the classical Hindu period (Kerajaan Pakuan Padjadjaran), the colonial period (Dutch and English), and Japan became the destinations of the kingdom’s officials as a Government. The cool air with natural panorama that became the inspiration for the birth of a large garden, called Netherlands Plantentuin te Buitenzorg (Bogor Botanical Garden) with various facilities in the period 18-19 AD century visiting people at home and abroad. How the history of botanical garden and its facilities in the past and presents the questions discussed in this paper. To meet the needs of the data needed to use the method of library study and observation of physical data in field about the building both the environment. The results of the analysis from the two sources show that Bogor Botanical Gardens is still working as a research site for plants and a resting place for state officials for a long time. In addition, the botanical garden is now also used as a city lung and recreation area.

Analysis of Some Problems from a Course on Theoretical Mechanics Solved by Descriptive Geometry’s Methods

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 76-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Nazarova
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Descriptive Geometry ◽  
Orthogonal Projections ◽  
Graphical Approach ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Spatial System ◽  
Successful Students ◽  
Theoretical Mechanics ◽  
General Technical

In this paper the usability of descriptive geometry’s methods for solution problems related to theoretical mechanics is considered. Descriptive geometry emerged as a science intended for solution the problems of human activity’s different branches. In connection with development of modern graphical means, the value of descriptive geometry is greatly underestimated, but it is on descriptive geometry’s principles and laws that have been built algorithms used in graphic applications [30]. For a long time descriptive geometry has been used by scientists in various spheres of human activity [27]. In study of general technical disciplines, interdisciplinary connections play an important role, especially between theoretical disciplines, whose understanding is particularly difficult for students [35]. Understanding the possibility of using descriptive geometry’s methods, students can think over aspects of their use in the performance of tasks under study, for example, theoretical mechanics. Methods, which can be use while solving problems from the course of theoretical mechanics, are learned by students in the standard course of descriptive geometry and are not particularly difficult. Therefore, the graphical approach to solving problems of theoretical mechanics is accessible and understandable for majority of successful students. In this paper example problems from the course of theoretical mechanics on the topics "Plane System of Forces" and "Spatial System of Forces" have been considered. Graphical problem solving was performed using the image of force vectors with the help of orthogonal projections. For checking the correctness of graphicalcons.

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