scholarly journals Effects of Parameters on Solvent Extraction of Oil From Sandbox (Hura Crepitans) Seed Oil Using 2^4 Factorial Design

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 48-55
Author(s):  
Owhor Sampson Chisa ◽  
J. D. Amine ◽  
Abdul Gambo Alim ◽  
Luka Bobby Shakarau ◽  
Isaiah Kehinde Ogbobame ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Hydraulic Press ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Physiochemical Properties ◽  
Hura Crepitans ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Good Agreement

The present work deals with the production of biodiesel from Sandbox (Hura crepitans) seed oil and the optimization of the parameters that influence the transesterification of Sandbox (Hura crepitans)seed oil into biodiesel using Response Surface Methodology. Hura crepitans oil was obtained from by using hydraulic press for Mechanical and n-hexane for solvent extraction. Esterification was done using methanol and sodium hydroxide. A total of 48 experiments using Central Composite Design were carried out. The R-Squared, Adequate Precision, Predicted and Adjusted R-Squared values were 0.9367, 19.219, 0.8576 and 0.9070 respectively. The result of the extraction of oil, physiochemical properties, and optimization process shows that sandbox (Hura crepitans) seed oil has characteristics that are more favorable to biodiesel production. The optimal conditions for extraction of oil from sandbox seed oil were given as alcohol/ oil ratio of 5.0, catalyst amount of 20 g/ml, extraction temperature of 60 ºC, and extraction time of 45.01 minutes, with the predicted oil yield as 97.33% respectively which shows that the experimental values are in good agreement with predicted values.

scholarly journals Hura crepitans Seed Oil: An Alternative Feedstock for Biodiesel Production

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adewale Adewuyi ◽  
Paul O. Awolade ◽  
Rotimi Ayodele Oderinde
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Iodine Value ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Cetane Number ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Hura Crepitans

Oil was extracted from the seed of Hura crepitans using hexane in a soxhlet extractor and analyzed for iodine value, saponification value and free fatty acid content. The dominant fatty acid in the oil was C18:2 (52.8±0.10%) while the iodine value was 120.10±0.70 g iodine/100 g. Biodiesel was produced from the oil using a two-step reaction system involving a first step of pretreatment via esterification reaction and a second step via transesterification reaction. The pretreatment step showed that free fatty acid in Hura crepitans seed oil can be reduced in a one-step pretreatment of esterification using H2SO4 as catalyst. The biodiesel produced from Hura crepitans seed oil had an acid value of 0.21±0.00 mg KOH/g, flash point of 152 ± 1.10°C, copper strip corrosion value of 1A, calorific value of 39.10±0.30 mJ/kg, cetane number of 45.62±0.30, and density of 0.86±0.02 g cm−3. The process gave a biodiesel yield of 98.70±0.40% with properties within the recommended values of EN 14214.

scholarly journals Estimation of Activity Interaction Parameters in Fe-S-j Systems

Entropy ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianhua Ju ◽  
Xueyong Ding ◽  
Yingyi Zhang ◽  
Weiliang Chen ◽  
Xiangkui Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Excess Entropy ◽  
Geometric Model ◽  
Calculation Model ◽  
Interaction Parameters ◽  
Mixing Enthalpy ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Activity Interaction Parameter ◽  
Good Agreement

It is important to know the activity interaction parameters between components in melts in the process of metallurgy. However, it’s considerably difficult to measure them experimentally, relying still to a large extent on theoretical calculations. In this paper, the first-order activity interaction parameter (esj) of j on sulphur in Fe-based melts at 1873 K is investigated by a calculation model established by combining the Miedema model and Toop-Hillert geometric model as well as considering excess entropy and mixing enthalpy. We consider two strategies, with or without using excess entropy in the calculations. Our results show that: (1) the predicted values are in good agreement with those recommended by Japan Society for Promotion of Science (JSPS); and (2) the agreement is even better when excess entropy is considered in the calculations. In addition, the deviations of our theoretical results from experimental values eS(exp)j-eS(cal)j depend on the element j’s locations in the periodic table.

An Analytical Examination of the Combustion of a Turbulent Jet in an Environment of Air Containing a Premixed Fuel or a Diluent

1995 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 234-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Wierzba ◽  
G. A. Karim ◽  
I. Wierzba
Keyword(s):  
Flame Length ◽  
Turbulent Jet ◽  
Simple Analytical Model ◽  
Flammability Limits ◽  
Gaseous Fuels ◽  
Gaseous Environment ◽  
Fuel Jet ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Good Agreement

A simple analytical model for the mixing and combustion of an axisymmetric turbulent gaseous fuel jet discharging into a co-flowing streaming gaseous environment of an auxiliary fuel and/or a diluent homogeneously mixed with air is presented. A number of gaseous fuels and diluents are considered. It is shown that the combustion characteristics of a fuel jet can be modified significantly by the presence of a relatively small amount of a fuel in the surrounding air at concentrations well below the corresponding local flammability limits. Correlative procedures are presented for estimating changes in the flame length, the size of the combustion zone, and the blowout limits with changes in the type and concentration of the fuel in the surroundings. Predicted values showed generally good agreement with the corresponding experimental values.

scholarly journals Physiochemical properties of biodiesel produced from ogbono (Irvingia gabonesis) seed oil

Bio-Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1210-1216
Author(s):  
Iklima Ibrahim Bandi ◽  
Shamsuddeen Yahaya ◽  
Hafsatu Buhari Bature ◽  
Musa Usman Dabai ◽  
Samira Shehu Adamu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Physiochemical Properties ◽  
Saponification Value ◽  
Astm D6751 ◽  
Significant Attention

Biodiesel is a promising alternative fuel and has gained significant attention due to the predicted depletion of conventional fossil fuels and environmental concerns. This study aims to produce biodiesel from ogbono seed oil (using 98 ml methanol and 2g potassium hydroxide (KOH) as a catalyst) via transesterification process and to determine the physiochemical properties of the biodiesel produced. The physiochemical properties of the feedstock (extracted ogbono seed oil) were also determined before the transesterification process. The physiochemical properties of the produced biodiesel showed that it has a density of 0.5±0.00 g/cm3, pour point of 2.0±0, saponification value of 58.90±0.06 mg KOH/g, ester value of 98.0±0.5% (m/m), iodine value of 26.64±0.15gI2/100g, acid value of 0.28±0.05 mgKOH/g, moisture value of 0.0006 ±0.0% and trace amounts of ash content. The results of the physiochemical properties of the produced biodiesel agree with ASTM-D6751 and EN 14214 standard. Thus, it was concluded that ogbono seed oil is an excellent feedstock for biodiesel production via base catalyzed transesterification process

A Thermodynamic Analysis of the Rich Flammability Limits of Fuel-Diluent Mixtures in Air

1995 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. O. Bade Shrestha ◽  
I. Wierzba ◽  
G. A. Karim
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Temperature ◽  
Flammability Limit ◽  
Flammability Limits ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Temperature And Pressure ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Good Agreement ◽  
Propane Butane

A simple approach is described for the calculation of the rich flammability limits of fuel-diluent mixtures in air for a wide range of initial temperatures based only on the knowledge of the flammability limit of the pure fuel in air at atmospheric temperature and pressure conditions. Various fuel-diluent mixtures that include the fuels methane, ethylene, ethane, propane, butane, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen, and the diluents nitrogen, carbon dioxide, helium, and argon have been considered. Good agreement is shown to exist between predicted values of the rich flammability limits and the corresponding available experimental values for the fuel-diluent mixtures.

scholarly journals Modeling of Hydrodynamics in a 25 mm ϕ Pulsed Disk and Doughnut Column

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajnish Kumar ◽  
D. Sivakumar ◽  
Shekhar Kumar ◽  
U. Kamachi Mudali
Keyword(s):  
Slip Velocity ◽  
Drop Size ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Dispersed Phase ◽  
Acid System ◽  
Hydrodynamic Parameters ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Good Agreement

The hydrodynamic parameters, namely, dispersed phase holdup and flooding throughput, have been investigated in 25 mm diameter pulsed disk and doughnut column (PDDC), in no mass transfer conditions. In this work, using existing correlations on plate pulsed columns, the dispersed phase holdup and the flooding throughput are empirically modelled well using the slip velocity concept. A good agreement is observed between experimental values and predicted values obtained from empirical correlation. The experimental data for dispersed phase holdup and flooding throughput has been modelled using the Van Delden model to describe the hydrodynamics characteristics of a PDDC and necessary adjustable parameters for drop size distribution and dispersed phase holdup are updated for 30% TBP-nitric acid system. The model parameters were estimated by minimizing the absolute error between experimental and theoretical values of flooding throughput and holdup data. It was found that the measured values and observed trends could be described accurately using this model after fitting holdup and flooding data. The error between the experimental and theoretical values of flooding throughput and holdup was found to be less than 10%.

Optimization of Nigerian Restaurant Waste Cooking Biodiesel Reaction Parameters using Response Surface Methodology

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 21-33
Author(s):  
M.A. Waheed ◽  
O.D. Samuel ◽  
B.O. Bolaji ◽  
O.U. Dairo
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Optimization Parameters ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Restaurant Waste ◽  
Good Agreement

The present work deals with the production of biodiesel from Nigerian restaurant waste cooking oil (NRWCO) and the optimization of the parameters that influences the alkaline transesterification of NRWCO into biodiesel using response surface methodology. The optimization parameters like oil: oil/methanol molar ratio, catalyst amount and reaction time were done using Design Expert 6.06 software. It was found that the maximum yield of biodiesel was obtained in 79.8 min for 1: 5.9, oil: methanol ratio, 1.2 wt. % KOH amount. A total of 20 experiments using Central Composite Design were carried out. The R2, adjusted R2 and predicted R2 values were 0.982, 0.9657 and 0.9088 respectively show that the experimental values are in good agreement with the predicted values. The properties of biodiesel at the optimized parameters, thus, produced confirm to the ASTM, EN and BIS specifications, making it an ideal alternative fuel for diesel engine.

A Thermodynamic Analysis of the Lean Flammability Limits of Fuel-Diluent Mixtures in Air

1994 ◽  
Vol 116 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Wierzba ◽  
S. O. Bade Shrestha ◽  
G. A. Karim
Keyword(s):  
Thermodynamic Analysis ◽  
Initial Mixture ◽  
Flammability Limits ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Gaseous Fuels ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
Good Agreement

A procedure is described for calculating the lean flammability limits of fuel-diluent mixtures in air over a wide range of fuel-diluent combinations and for different initial mixture temperatures. Good agreement is shown to exist between the predicted values of the limits with the corresponding experimental values for some common gaseous fuels that include CH4, C2H6, C2H4, C3H8, C4H10, H2, and CO and the diluents CO2, N2, He, and Ar over the temperature range of −60°C up to 400°C.

Optimization studies on Biosorption of Copper (II) by Crab Shell Using Response Surface Methodology(RSM)

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudesh S ◽  
Meenakshi M ◽  
Sheeja R.Y ◽  
Thanapalan Murugesan
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Crab Shell ◽  
Box Behnken Design ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Experimental Values ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Maximum Removal ◽  
Good Agreement

In the present work, crab shell was used as the biosorbent to remove copper from aqueous solution. Batch experiments were performed at different initial copper concentration of copper solutions (1-40 g/l), initial pH (2-9), temperature (20-400°C), and biosorbent dosages (2-10 g/l). The maximum removal of copper using crab shell occurred at a pH of 3 and at a temperature of 400°C using an optimum biosorbent dosage of 5 g/l. A mathematical model was proposed to identify the effects of the individual interactions of these variables on the biosorption of copper. The results have been modeled using response surface methodology using a Box-Behnken design. The response surface method was developed using three levels (-1, 0, +1) with the above mentioned four factors. The second order quadratic regression model fitted the experimental data with Prob > F to be < 0.0001. The experimental values were found to be in good agreement with the predicted values, with a satisfactory correlation coefficient of R2 = 0.9999.

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