"Infrastructure linking for E-Mobility – approach to integrative traffic and energy network planning"

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels Schmidtke ◽  
David Weigert ◽  
Fabian Behrendt
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
Energy Turnaround ◽  
Charging Stations ◽  
Simulation Systems ◽  
Energy Network

"This paper gives an introduction to the strategic research field of the cross-infrastructural planning process and the system operation for charging stations from the traffic and energy network view. In the course of the energy turnaround in Germany (grid and plant expansion, liberalization) as well as changes in the transport sector (increasing traffic volume vs. increasing loss of transport infrastructure [Radke 2017; Daehre 2012]) complex cross-infrastructure solutions and tools (simulation systems) will be needed in order to ensure the technical reliability as well as the economic and ecological orientation of these systems. Based on the current stock of charging points and the forecasted total demand, there is a need for the comprehensive construction of charging infrastructure for electric vehicles. This creates user acceptance and lowers the barriers to electric vehicles in the private and commercial sectors."

scholarly journals On the Issue of Regulatory Support for Passenger Electric Vehicles Operation

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 196-211
Author(s):  
M. A. Kudryashov ◽  
A. V. Prokopenkov ◽  
R. S. Ayriev
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Intermediate Stage ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Electric Transport ◽  
Electric Bus ◽  
Environmental Goals ◽  
Charging Stations

The article provides the results of an intermediate stage of research on development of a project to create infrastructure for operation of highly environmentally friendly electric vehicles. The transition to electric transport is one of the promising methods to solve the problem of emissions and achieve environmental goals. An electric bus is a relatively new type of rolling stock, requiring a balanced and objective justification for selection of certain possible options for technical, technological, economic and other aspects of organisation of its operation. To achieve the goal of developing a project to create infrastructure for operation of environmentally friendly electric vehicles, an initial analysis of legal acts, technical characteristics of electric buses and the parking and on route infrastructure approaches to organizing transportation by electric buses with various charging concepts was performed. The analysis of the concepts of charging electric bus batteries allowed to divide them into 5 classes and group into 3 groups according to charging speed. An analysis of the required infrastructure for operation of electric buses showed that conceptually there are 2 types of charging stations. The calculations and evaluation of various options for organizing operation of electric buses on a fixed route with various concepts of charging were performed. A necessary direction for further research is economic assessment of operation of electric buses with various charging concepts and the necessary transport infrastructure. The methods used include analysis, evaluation of previously performed analytical studies, legal acts and a synthesis of domestic and foreign experience.

Electric vehicles in China: A review of current policies

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 1512-1524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenbo Li ◽  
Muyi Yang ◽  
Suwin Sandu
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Macro Level ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Chinese Government ◽  
Monetary Incentives ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
Technical Performance ◽  
Primary Focus

Prompted by the urgency of reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the transport sector, the Chinese government has set ambitious targets for the uptake of electric vehicles. To achieve these targets is however a challenging task, due to various barriers in the uptake of electric vehicles, at both micro- and macro-levels. A range of monetary and non-monetary incentives has been implemented, or being considered for implementation, to overcome these barriers. This paper reviews these incentives with a view to assess the extent to which they are likely to remove the barriers in the uptake of electric vehicles. The review suggests that the primary focus of these incentives is to remove the micro-level barriers, such as high upfront costs, poor technical performance, and insufficient charging infrastructure. Limited attention has been paid to the macro-level barriers (for example, fragmented authority and local protectionism), despite ample evidence suggesting that these barriers could significantly impede the uptake of electric vehicles. Further, these incentives have tended to rely on regulation-based measures to remove the barriers. Only in the recent years, there appears to be a gradual shift towards market-based measures. This shift could improve the effectiveness of electric vehicle policies. The effectiveness of these policies could be enhanced if one recognizes the underlying macro-level barriers that are likely to protract or distort the implementation of market-based measures. This paper also provides some recommendations to remove these macro-level barriers.

scholarly journals Simulation of Future Electric Vehicle Charging Behavior—Effects of Transition from PHEV to FEV

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igna Vermeulen ◽  
Jurjen Rienk Helmus ◽  
Mike Lees ◽  
Robert van den Hoed
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Electric Vehicle Charging ◽  
Subsidy Scheme ◽  
Infrastructure Performance ◽  
Charging Stations

The Netherlands is a frontrunner in the field of public charging infrastructure, having one of the highest number of public charging stations per electric vehicle (EV) in the world. During the early years of adoption (2012–2015), a large percentage of the EV fleet were plugin hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) due to the subsidy scheme at that time. With an increasing number of full electric vehicles (FEVs) on the market and a current subsidy scheme for FEVs only, a transition of the EV fleet from PHEV to FEV is expected. This is hypothesized to have an effect on the charging behavior of the complete fleet, and is reason to understand better how PHEVs and FEVs differ in charging behavior and how this impacts charging infrastructure usage. In this paper, the effects of the transition of PHEV to FEV is simulated by extending an existing agent-based model. Results show important effects of this transition on charging infrastructure performance.

scholarly journals Studying the Formation of the Charging Session Number at Public Charging Stations for Electric Vehicles

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 5571
Author(s):  
Anastasia Gorbunova ◽  
Ilya Anisimov ◽  
Elena Magaril
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Hydrocarbon Fuel ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Preliminary Calculation ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
Charging Stations

The energy industry is a leader of introduction and development of energy supply technologies from renewable energy sources. However, there are some disadvantages of these energy systems, namely, the low density and inconsistent nature of the energy input, which leads to an increase in the cost of the produced electric energy in comparison to the traditional energy complexes using hydrocarbon fuel resources. Therefore, the smart grid technology based on preliminary calculation parameters of the energy system develops in cities. This area should also be used to organize the charging infrastructure of electric vehicles, as the electrification of road transport is one of the global trends. As a result, a current task of the transport and energy field is the development of scientifically based approaches to the formation of the urban charging infrastructure for electric vehicles. The purpose of the article is to identify the features of the application flow formation for the charge of the electric vehicle battery. The results obtained provide a basis for building a simulation model for determining the required number of charging stations in the city, taking into account the criteria of minimizing operating costs for electric vehicle owners and energy companies.

scholarly journals Operating Charging Infrastructure in China to Achieve Sustainable Transportation: The Choice between Company-Owned and Franchised Structures

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Ma ◽  
Yuefan Zhai ◽  
Tian Wu
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Sustainable Transportation ◽  
Sustainable Infrastructure ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
Initial Stage ◽  
Charging Stations ◽  
Operation Cost ◽  
Optimal Quality

The rapid development of electric vehicles (EVs) is conducive to clean transportation, which is an important aspect of sustainable infrastructure. However, the introduction of EVs is constrained by the lagging development of EV chargers. To optimally promote the development of charging stations, we analyzed the differences in the optimal quality and quantity of EV chargers between company-owned and franchised enterprises by constructing a theoretical model, and the changes in the quality and quantity of EV chargers in different market environments are discussed. We found that the total number of franchised charging stations was larger in general, but that the quality of the franchised charging stations was worse compared with the company-owned stations. The supervision cost, operation cost, and the investment return affect the quality and quantity of EV chargers. Although franchised structures are more conducive in the initial stage to increasing the number of charging stations to meet the needs of EVs, company-owned structures perform better and will be needed to improve the quality of the EV chargers as the market becomes more saturated, necessitating a higher quality of EV chargers.

scholarly journals Perceived Usage Potential of Fast-Charging Locations

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Krause ◽  
Stefan Ladwig ◽  
Lotte Saupp ◽  
Denis Horn ◽  
Alexander Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
Charging Time ◽  
Points Of Interest ◽  
Fast Charging ◽  
Business Perspective ◽  
Charging Stations ◽  
User Perspectives ◽  
Model Point

Fast-charging infrastructure with charging time of 20–30 min can help minimizing current perceived limitations of electric vehicles, especially considering the unbalanced and incomprehensive distribution of charging options combined with a long perceived charging time. Positioned on optimal location from user and business perspective, the technology is assumed to help increasing the usage of an electric vehicle (EV). Considering the user perspectives, current and potential EV users were interviewed in two different surveys about optimal fast-charging locations depending on travel purposes and relevant location criteria. The obtained results show that customers prefer to rather charge at origins and destinations than during the trip. For longer distances, charging locations on axes with attractive points of interest are also considered as optimal. From the business model point of view, fast-charging stations at destinations are controversial. The expensive infrastructure and the therefore needed large number of charging sessions are in conflict with the comparatively time consuming stay.

scholarly journals Latvian Electric Vehicle Fast Charging Infrastructure: Results of the First Year of Operation

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-21
Author(s):  
Aivars Rubenis ◽  
Aigars Laizans ◽  
Andra Zvirbule
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Capacity Utilization ◽  
Skewed Distribution ◽  
First Year ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
Large Dispersion ◽  
Fast Charging ◽  
Total Capacity ◽  
Charging Stations ◽  
Initial Results

Abstract This article presents preliminary analysis of the Latvian national EV fast - charging network after the first year of operation. The first phase of Latvian national EV fast-charging network was launched in 2018 with 70 charging stations on the TEN-T roads and in the largest towns and cities. The article looks at the initial results, both looking at the total capacity utilization for individual charging stations, determining the hourly charging distribution; and to the utilization of the network as a whole. The results present that there is a very large dispersion of the data, most of the charging events happening in a few charging stations in and around the capital of Latvia. However, there have been charging events in all charging stations, even in the most remote ones. Even more skewed distribution was observed analyzing the charging habits of the EV users, with 10 % of users accounting for more than half of the charging events. This should be taken into account when considering applying the results for the future, expecting larger number of electric vehicles in Latvia.

scholarly journals A Brief Survey on Important Interconnection Standards for Photovoltaic Systems and Electric Vehicles

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Suvetha Poyyamani Poyyamani Sunddararaj ◽  
Shriram S. Rangarajan ◽  
Subashini Nallusamy ◽  
E. Randolph Collins ◽  
Tomonobu Senjyu
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Reliable Operation ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
Grid Systems ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Charging Time ◽  
Cost Distance ◽  
Smart Charging ◽  
Charging Stations

The consumer adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) has become most popular. Numerous studies are being carried out on the usage of EVs, the challenges of EVs, and their benefits. Based on these studies, factors such as battery charging time, charging infrastructure, battery cost, distance per charge, and the capital cost are considered factors in the adoption of electric vehicles and their interconnection with the grid. The large-scale development of electric vehicles has laid the path to Photovoltaic (PV) power for charging and grid support, as the PV panels can be placed at the top of the smart charging stations connected to a grid. By proper scheduling of PV and grid systems, the V2G connections can be made simple. For reliable operation of the grid, the ramifications associated with the PV interconnection must be properly addressed without any violations. To overcome the above issues, certain standards can be imposed on these systems. This paper mainly focuses on the various standards for EV, PV systems and their interconnection with grid-connected systems.

scholarly journals Development of an Efficient Tool for Solar Charging Station Management for Electric Vehicles

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2979
Author(s):  
Simon Steinschaden ◽  
José Baptista
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Battery Storage ◽  
Charging Station ◽  
Input Parameters ◽  
Charging Stations

One important goal of the climate commitment in the European Union (EU) is to reduce primary energy demand in the transport sector and increase the use of renewables, since around 33% of primary energy is consumed in this sector. Therefore, the EU ordered its member states to raise the number of electric vehicles (EVs) within Europe. Consequently, the energy demand for electricity will rise as a function of the number of EVs. To avoid local grid overload and guarantee a higher percentage of clean energy, EV charging stations can be supported by a combined system of grid-connected photovoltaic modules and battery storage. In this paper, the focus lies on the feasibility and economic aspects of such systems. To provide an overview of the different e-charging station combinations, a support tool was modelled and developed, making it possible to size and manage EVs charging stations with only a few input parameters. Thanks to its easy handling, the tool suits a wide spectrum of users. Due to enhanced optional settings, this tool is suitable for detailed input parameters for professionals as well. Input categories are basically divided into the photovoltaic (PV) system, battery storage, the charging station itself, and investment analysis. The tool supports decisions for solar charging stations designed for different parking locations like offices, schools, and public and private places.

scholarly journals Operational Methods for Charging of Electric Vehicles

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-376
Author(s):  
Bálint Csonka ◽  
Márton Havas ◽  
Csaba Csiszár ◽  
Dávid Földes
Keyword(s):  
Energy Management ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Transportation Network ◽  
Electric Networks ◽  
Charging Infrastructure ◽  
Electric Cars ◽  
Bus Service ◽  
Bus Services ◽  
Charging Stations ◽  
Operational Methods

The increasing number of electric vehicles induces a new relationship between the electric vehicles, transportation network and electric network. The deployment of the charging infrastructure is a prerequisite of the widespread of electric vehicles. Furthermore, the charging process and energy management have a significant influence on the operation of both the transportation and electric networks. Therefore, we have elaborated novel operational methods that support the deployment of charging infrastructure for electric cars and buses operating in public bus service, and the energy management. Weighted sum-models were developed to assess candidate sites for public charging stations. The mathematical model of public bus services was elaborated that supports the optimization of static charging infrastructure at bus stops and terminals without schedule adjustments. The flexibility and predictability of charging sessions were identified as the main differences between charging infrastructure deployment for cars and buses. Furthermore, the flows of energy, information and value have been revealed among the components of charging with a focus on commercial locations, which is the basis of energy flow optimization on the smart grid.

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