scholarly journals Shrimp shell amendment, soil fertility and tomato growth

1969 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Julio Lara Mártez ◽  
Nelia Acosta
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Soil Mixture ◽  
Tomato Variety ◽  
Shrimp Shell ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Tomato Growth ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
Or Applications

The effect of shrimp shell amendment on the fertility of a sandy soil mixture, and on the growth of tomato variety Manalucie highly susceptible to nematodes, was evaluated in a greenhouse experiment. Taller and heavier tomato plants were obtained when planted 25 days after application of shrimp shell to the soil at 2 to 4% levels. This material has potential as an organic-nematicidal amendment for the control of Meloidogyne spp. Shrimp shell used as soil amendment at any of the dosages 0 to 10% v/v, or applied 5 to 35 days before transplanting, raised soil pH and increased the amount of phosphorus, calcium and magnesium in the soil. However, rates higher than 6% or applications less than 25 days before transplanting had detrimental effects on tomato plants.

scholarly journals Exoskeleton of shrimp to control the nematode nodulator, Meloidogyne incognita, in tomato in the greenhouse

1969 ◽  
Vol 77 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 229-236
Author(s):  
Julio Lara-Mártez ◽  
Nelia Acosta ◽  
Nydia Vicente
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Shrimp Shell

A soil amendment of shrimp shell at dosages of 2 and 4% (v/v) applied 25, 30 and 35 days before planting reduced damage to tomatoes caused by Meloidogyne incognita, decreasing root galling and increasing height and dry weight of plants. The 4% dosage applied 30 or 35 days before planting increased shoot dry weight of tomato plants grown on nematode infested soil in the greenhouse.

scholarly journals Use of Biosolids to Enhance Tomato Growth and Tolerance to Fusarium Oxysporum f. sp. Radicis-Lycopersici

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis Giannakis ◽  
Christos Manitsas ◽  
Ilias Eleftherohorinos ◽  
Georgios Menexes ◽  
Christina Emmanouil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Disease Index ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Tomato Growth

Abstract Aims: A biosolid made from municipal sludge, acting as an organic fertilizer that enhanced plant growth and crop productivity, was evaluated for its effect on tomato growth and tolerance enhancement against the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici (Forl). Methods: Peat and/or two soil types were amended with mixtures of this biosolid (0, 80 and 160 tn/ha) in order to study the growth of tomato plants and their response to Forl, either under controlled conditions or outdoors in a net protected area. Results: The results showed that biosolid addition increased tolerance of tomato plants against the disease. There was also an increase of tomato fresh weight, root weight, stem height and leaf number compared to the Forl-inoculated control soils. Forl, at 5 weeks after tomato transplanting, caused higher disease index on plants grown outdoors in biosolid plus clay soil than in biosolid plus sandy soil, while the opposite occurred under laboratory conditions where higher disease index was recorded on plants grown in peat plus sandy soil than in peat plus clay soil. Conclusions: The findings strongly support the evidence that this biosolid may act as an organic fertilizer and as a possible stimulant of tomato tolerance against Forl. Therefore, this type of biosolid, previously proven to be minimal ecotoxicological impact, should be considered for its possible use in agriculture according to the principles of circular economy and waste minimization.

scholarly journals Rhizosphere-enriched microbes as a pool to design synthetic communities for reproducible beneficial outputs

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria-Dimitra Tsolakidou ◽  
Ioannis A Stringlis ◽  
Natalia Fanega-Sleziak ◽  
Stella Papageorgiou ◽  
Antria Tsalakou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Tomato Growth ◽  
In Vitro Antifungal Activity

Abstract Composts represent a sustainable way to suppress diseases and improve plant growth. Identification of compost-derived microbial communities enriched in the rhizosphere of plants and characterization of their traits, could facilitate the design of microbial synthetic communities (SynComs) that upon soil inoculation could yield consistent beneficial effects towards plants. Here, we characterized a collection of compost-derived bacteria, previously isolated from tomato rhizosphere, for in vitro antifungal activity against soil-borne fungal pathogens and for their potential to change growth parameters in Arabidopsis. We further assessed root-competitive traits in the dominant rhizospheric genus Bacillus. Certain isolated rhizobacteria displayed antifungal activity against the tested pathogens and affected growth of Arabidopsis, and Bacilli members possessed several enzymatic activities. Subsequently, we designed two SynComs with different composition and tested their effect on Arabidopsis and tomato growth and health. SynCom1, consisting of different bacterial genera, displayed negative effect on Arabidopsis in vitro, but promoted tomato growth in pots. SynCom2, consisting of Bacilli, didn't affect Arabidopsis growth, enhanced tomato growth and suppressed Fusarium wilt symptoms. Overall, we found selection of compost-derived microbes with beneficial properties in the rhizosphere of tomato plants, and observed that application of SynComs on poor substrates can yield reproducible plant phenotypes.

scholarly journals Multiyear Evaluation of the Durability of the Resistance Conferred by Ma and RMia Genes to Meloidogyne incognita in Prunus Under Controlled Conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (8) ◽  
pp. 833-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira Khallouk ◽  
Roger Voisin ◽  
Ulysse Portier ◽  
Joël Polidori ◽  
Cyril Van Ghelder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meloidogyne Incognita ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
R Gene ◽  
R Genes ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Resistance Breakdown ◽  
Susceptible Tomato ◽  
Prunus Spp

Root-knot nematodes (RKNs) (Meloidogyne spp.) are highly polyphagous pests that parasitize Prunus crops in Mediterranean climates. Breeding for RKN-resistant Prunus cultivars, as an alternative to the now-banned use of nematicides, is a real challenge, because the perennial nature of these trees increases the risk of resistance breakdown. The Ma plum resistance (R) gene, with a complete spectrum, and the RMia peach R gene, with a more restricted spectrum, both provide total control of Meloidogyne incognita, the model parthenogenetic species of the genus and the most important RKN in terms of economic losses. We investigated the durability of the resistance to this nematode conferred by these genes, comparing the results obtained with those for the tomato Mi-1 reference gene. In multiyear experiments, we applied a high and continuous nematode inoculum pressure by cultivating nematode-infested susceptible tomato plants with either Prunus accessions carrying Ma or RMia R genes, or with resistant tomato plants carrying the Mi-1 gene. Suitable conditions for Prunus development were achieved by carrying out the studies in a glasshouse, in controlled conditions allowing a short winter leaf fall and dormancy. We first assessed the plum accession ‘P.2175’, which is heterozygous for the Ma gene, in two successive 2-year evaluations, for resistance to two M. incognita isolates. Whatever the isolate used, no nematodes reproducing on P.2175 were detected, whereas galls and nematodes reproducing on tomato plants carrying Mi-1 were observed. In a second experiment with the most aggressive isolate, interspecific full-sib material (P.2175 × [‘Garfi’ almond × ‘Nemared’ peach]), carrying either Ma or RMia (from Nemared) or both (in the heterozygous state) or neither of these genes, was evaluated for 4 years. No virulent nematodes developed on Prunus spp. carrying R genes, whereas galling and virulent individuals were observed on Mi-1-resistant tomato plants. Thus, the resistance to M. incognita conferred by Ma in Prunus material in both a pure-plum and an interspecific genetic background, or by RMia in an interspecific background, appears to be durable, highlighting the value of these two genes for the creation of Prunus rootstock material.

scholarly journals Effect of Nano-Carbon on Water Holding Capacity in a Sandy Soil of the Loess Plateau

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 189-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beibei Zhou ◽  
Xiaopeng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Soil Mixture ◽  
Cumulative Infiltration ◽  
Nano Carbon ◽  
Water Contents ◽  
Soil Water Contents

The poor water retention capacity of sandy soils commonly aggregate soil erosion and ecological environment on the Chinese Loess Plateau. Due to its strong capacity for absorption and large specific surface area, the use of nanocarbon made of coconut shell as a soil amendment that could improve water retention was investigated. Soil column experiments were conducted in which a layer of nanocarbon mixed well with the soil was formed at a depth of 20 cm below the soil surface. Four different nanocarbon contents by weight (0%, 0.1%, 0.5%, and 1%) and five thicknesses of the nanocarbon- soil mixture layer ranging from 1 to 5 cm were considered. Cumulative infiltration and soil water content distributions were determined when water was added to soil columns. Soil Water Characteristic Curves (SWCC) were obtained using the centrifuge method. The principal results showed that the infiltration rate and cumulative infiltration increased with the increases of nanocarbon contents, to the thicknesses of the nano carbon-soil mixture layer. Soil water contents that below the soil-nano carbon layer decreased sharply. Both the Brooks-Corey and van Genuchten models could describe well the SWCC of the disturbed sandy soil with various nano carbon contents. Both the saturated water content (θs), residual water content (θr) and empirical parameter (α) increased with increasing nano carbon content, while the pore-size distribution parameter (n) decreased. The available soil water contents were efficiently increased with the increase in nanocarbon contents.

scholarly journals Bentonite Clay Mixed With Different N Sources Have Variable Effect on Nitrate Leaching From Sandy Soil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahid Hussain ◽  
Cheng Tang ◽  
Muhammad Irshad ◽  
Riaz A. Khattak ◽  
Chen Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Groundwater Pollution ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Variable Effect ◽  
N Sources ◽  
Leaching Fraction

Abstract Nitrate (NO3) leaching from soils results in lower soil fertility, reduced crop productivity and groundwater pollution. The present study determined NO3 leaching from bentonite [0, 2 and 4% (m/m)] treated sandy soil, under three N sources (calcium nitrate [Ca(NO3)2], ammonium chloride [NH4Cl], urea [CO(NH2)2] @ 300 kg N ha-1) with a leaching fraction of 0.3-0.4. Bentonite markedly reduced NO3 release in leachate, while 4% bentonite retained higher NO3 in soil. The NO3 leaching varied with N sources as Ca(NO3)2>NH4Cl>(CO(NH2)2. This study indicated that soil amendment with bentonite could efficiently mitigate NO3 leaching from soil and hence prevent N fertilizer losses and groundwater pollution.

scholarly journals Rhizosphere-enriched microbes as a pool to design synthetic communities for reproducible beneficial outputs

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria-Dimitra Tsolakidou ◽  
Ioannis A. Stringlis ◽  
Natalia Fanega-Sleziak ◽  
Stella Papageorgiou ◽  
Antria Tsalakou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Tomato Growth ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractComposts represent a sustainable way to suppress diseases and improve plant growth. Identification of compost-derived microbial communities enriched in the rhizosphere of plants and characterization of their traits, could facilitate the design of microbial synthetic communities (SynComs) that upon soil inoculation could yield consistent beneficial effects towards plants. Here, we characterized a collection of compost-derived bacteria, previously isolated from tomato rhizosphere, forin vitroantifungal activity against soil-borne fungal pathogens and for their potential to change growth parameters inArabidopsis. We further assessed root-competitive traits in the dominant rhizospheric genusBacillus. Certain isolated rhizobacteria displayed antifungal activity against the tested pathogens and affected growth ofArabidopsis, and Bacilli members possessed several enzymatic activities. Subsequently, we designed two SynComs with different composition and tested their effect onArabidopsisand tomato growth and health. SynCom1, consisting of different bacterial genera, displayed negative effect onArabidopsis in vitro, but promoted tomato growth in pots. SynCom2, consisting of Bacilli, didn’t affectArabidopsisgrowth, enhanced tomato growth and suppressed Fusarium wilt symptoms. Overall, we found selection of compost-derived microbes with beneficial properties in the rhizosphere of tomato plants, and observed that application of SynComs on poor substrates can yield reproducible plant phenotypes.

Distribution of plant parasitic nematodes in South Australian vineyards

1976 ◽  
Vol 16 (81) ◽  
pp. 588 ◽  
Author(s):  
GR Stirling
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Plant Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Tylenchulus Semipenetrans ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Citrus Nematode ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Vineyards in all five of South Australia's grapegrowing districts were surveyed for plant parasitic nematodes. Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) occurrcd in four districts, and were present in almost all vineyards with sandy soil in the Riverland, Barossa Valley and Central districts. Four species (M. arenaria, M. hapla, M. incognita and M. javanica) were identified. Citrus nematode (Tylenchulus semipenetrans) was wide-spread in Riverland vineyards, and isolated infestations were found in other districts. Other plant parasitic nematode genera found during the survey were Helicotylenchus, Macroposthonia, Paratrichodorus, Paratylenchus, Prat ylenchus, Tylenchorh ynchus and Xiphinema.

scholarly journals Facultative-anaerobic microbial digestion of coal preparation waste and use of effluent solids to enhance plant growth in a sandy soil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul H. Fallgren ◽  
Liang Chen ◽  
Min Peng ◽  
Michael A. Urynowicz ◽  
Song Jin
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Sandy Soil ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Poa Pratensis ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Coal Preparation

AbstractCoal preparation solid waste, which is a major environmental issue for coal-producing areas in China, may be microbiologically digested and transformed into a product suitable as a soil amendment to increase soil organic matter content and prevent and enhance plant/crop growth. Coal preparation waste collected from a coal sorting plant in Inner Mongolia, China was digested in bioreactors inoculated with microbial enrichments prepared from activated sludge and cow manure. The effluent solids from the coal preparation waste bioreactors were analyzed for their suitability as organic soil amendments, which complied with China standards. Plant growth tests were conducted in sandy soil from a semi-arid region in Colorado, which was amended with the effluent solids. Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) and chives (Allium schoenoprasum) were used as the representative plants for the growth tests, where results indicated substantially higher yields of Kentucky bluegrass and chives for the sandy soils amended with the effluent solids when compared to a commercial organic fertilizer. The number and average length of Kentucky bluegrass shoots were 10 and 5.1 times higher, respectively, in soils amended with the effluent solids. Similarly, the number and average length of chives shoots were 10 and 1.7 times higher, respectively, in soils amended with the effluent solids. Overall, the microbial digestion of coal preparation waste for application as an organic soil amendment is a viable alternative and beneficial use of coal preparation solid waste.

scholarly journals (183) Effects of Colored Plastic Mulches on Tomato Growth and Yield

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1000A-1000
Author(s):  
Maurice Ogutu
Keyword(s):  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Bare Ground ◽  
Plastic Mulch ◽  
Tomato Variety ◽  
Tomato Yield ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Tomato Growth

Different colored plastic mulches can influence tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) growth and yield. A study was carried out to compare the effects of different colored plastic mulches and bare ground on growth and yield of tomato. Ten treatments, namely, control (bare ground), and plastic mulches (black smooth, red, black embossed, blue, olive, yellow, clear, white, and reflective) were replicated four times in a randomized complete-block design. Tomato variety `Sunstart' seeds were planted in flats filled with Jiffy Mix in a greenhouse in late Apr. 2004 and seedlings transplanted in early June 2004. The seedlings planted in white and reflective plastic mulches were taller than seedlings planted in black smooth, black embossed, clear, blue, red, and olive mulches by 24 July 2004. Weeds were growing underneath clear, yellow, and red plastic mulches, and squash bugs were observed in yellow plastic mulch treatment on 2 July. Cumulative marketable tomato yield was highest in plants grown in reflective and white plastic mulches, and lowest in plants grown in yellow plastic mulch. Marketable fruits from plants grown in reflective and white mulches were larger than fruits from other treatments. In comparison with black embossed plastic mulch, plants grown in reflective and white plastic mulches had 2 and 1.2 tons/acre higher marketable yields, respectively, than plants grown in black embossed plastic mulch.

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