scholarly journals Data Control Wars: Collaborative Fiction, Transition Design and Technological Sovereignty

2020 ◽  
pp. 208-239
Author(s):  
Andreu Belsunces Gonçalves ◽  
Grace Polifroni Turtle ◽  
Antonio Calleja ◽  
Raul Nieves Pardo ◽  
Bani Brusadin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Effects ◽  
Social Imagination ◽  
Sociology Of Expectations ◽  
Data Control ◽  
The Social ◽  
Transition Strategies ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Research Action ◽  
Political Economic

Data Control Wars seeks to explore the development of different futures regarding the extraction, management and exploitation of data and its political, economic and cultural consequences. It has been designed as a research-action device through play, generative conflict, collaborative fiction and performance with three specific objectives: to observe social expectations regarding the relationship between industry, democracy, citizenship and data; to stimulate social imagination through the simulation of sociotechnical scenarios, thus decolonising imaginaries captured by techno-capitalist logic; and to rehearsal transition strategies towards technological sovereignty. This article presents the Data Control Wars case study and explains its functioning. Moreover, it sets out the theoretical scaffolding – which goes from post-human philosophy to critical design passing through the sociology of expectations – that supports it and presents some of the results. After three activations in three different contexts, Data Control Wars has proven useful as an educational tool to address the potential positive and negative effects of using data, as a space for testing strategies on transition design, as a method to identify some of the myths articulated by the social perception of the technological industry and the power of agency that we hold over it and, finally, as a device to question techno-capitalist cultural hegemony through the construction of other stories about what the technosocial body can be.

Policy Uncertainty and Accounting Quality

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadok El Ghoul ◽  
Omrane Guedhami ◽  
Yongtae Kim ◽  
Hyo Jin Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Discretionary Accruals ◽  
Policy Uncertainty ◽  
Accounting Quality ◽  
Trading Behavior ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Media Freedom ◽  
Market Participants ◽  
Alternative Measures ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Using Data

Using data from 19 countries over the 1990-2015 period, we examine how economic policy uncertainty (EPU) affects accounting quality. We find that accounting quality, measured based on Nikolaev's (2018) model, increases during periods of high policy uncertainty. This relation is confirmed by the negative association between EPU and performance-adjusted discretionary accruals in a multivariate setting, and it extends to various alternative measures of earnings properties. We also find that the positive relation between EPU and accounting quality is more pronounced for government-dependent firms and firms with higher political risk. Additional analyses based on institutional investors' trading behavior, media freedom, and press circulation suggest that market participants' attention is a mechanism through which EPU affects accounting quality. Further, we find evidence that high accounting quality can mitigate the negative effects of EPU on corporate investment and valuation.

A Data Driven Approach to Study the Social and Political Statuses of Urban Communities in Kunming

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 461-481
Author(s):  
Charles Chang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Communities ◽  
Computational Analysis ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Sufficient Detail ◽  
The Social ◽  
Data Driven Approach ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Political Economic

AbstractThis article presents a data-driven approach to the study of the social and political statuses of urban communities in modern Kunming. Such information is lacking in government maps and documents. Using data from a wide variety of sources, many unconventional, I subject them to critical evaluation and computational analysis to extract information that can be used to produce a land use map of sufficient detail and accuracy to allow scholars to address and even answer questions of a socio-political, economic and, indeed, humanistic nature. My method can also be applied to other Chinese cities and to cities elsewhere that lack accurate information.

Learning Against the Wind: Diversity and Performance on the Ships of the Dutch East India Company

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 330-347
Author(s):  
Filippo Carlo Wezel ◽  
Martin Ruef
Keyword(s):  
East India Company ◽  
Work Practices ◽  
Dutch East India Company ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Diverse Workforce ◽  
The Face ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Data Tracking ◽  
The Individual

Learning is of paramount importance to organizations, often hinging on the accumulation of experience among workers. The returns from experience, however, are far from certain in large groups, marked by complex interdependencies and composed of a demographically diverse workforce. How do organizations manage to learn and improve their performance under these conditions? We claim that the standardization of work practices and procedures provides two key advantages. First, it magnifies the positive returns that a unit reaps from the experience of its workers. Second, standardization anchors the accumulated experience of workers to organizational routines that transcend the individual units in which they have worked. Increasing experience eases coordination among workers and attenuates the negative effects of diversity on a unit’s performance. We test these arguments using data tracking the composition of ship crews in the Dutch East India Company, an organization that witnessed significant efforts at standardizing work practices and procedures in the face of increasing national diversity. We find preliminary support for our hypotheses from analyses of the time to completion of 2,200 voyages to Asia during the period between 1700 and 1796.

Performance Measurement of Local Welfare Programmes: Evidence from Madrid's Regional Government

2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 906-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Ayala ◽  
Francisco Pedraja ◽  
Javier Salinas-Jiménez
Keyword(s):  
Social Services ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Performance Indicators ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Local Agencies ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

Interest in how social assistance programmes are organized has recently heightened, fed by concerns about the limits on achieving greater efficiency. Most available evidence considers performance indicators that are too general, there being few studies relating the use of inputs to outcomes. We compare different performance indicators of Madrid's programme with resource endowments in a group of local agencies of social services. In addition to constructing a detailed system of input and performance indicators, an empirical analysis of efficiency for each of the social services agencies is carried out using data envelopment analysis. Results confirm that there is a wide margin for obtaining efficiency gains. The empirical analysis shows that some detected inefficiencies arise from an excessive number of staff in relation to the work to be performed. Agencies with a higher incidence of social problems present higher efficiency scores.

scholarly journals Native and non-native speaker identities in interaction: Trajectories of power

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony J. Liddicoat
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Native Speaker ◽  
Power Asymmetry ◽  
Communicative Function ◽  
Intercultural Interaction ◽  
The Social ◽  
Intercultural Interactions ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Using Data

AbstractIn intercultural interactions in which native speakers communicate with non-native speakers there is potential for asymmetries of power to shape how interaction occurs. These inequalities are not simply the result of a difference in command of the language between interlocutors but rather they relate to the social construction and performance of the identities of each participant. Using data drawn from intercultural interactions in a range of contexts, this article examines some of the ways in which the inequalities of power between native speakers and non-native speakers is an interactionally accomplished product by examining instances of intercultural interaction. Such inequalities are seen in instances of intervention in interactions that create and reaffirm the ideology of native speakers’ authority over language. The most obvious of such interventions are those in which the native speaker takes up an authoritative stance in relation to the linguistic productions of non-native speakers that emphasize the features and circumstances of their production rather than their communicative function. Such interventions may, however, occur in more covert ways. Where such interventions occur they may be ratified as legitimate activities by non-native speaker participants, and the power asymmetry is thereby co-constructed by the participant. However, such asymmetries may also be resisted by non-native speakers when they reassert their communicative intent and in so doing reframe the interaction away from inequalities.

Engaging and promoting young women’s entrepreneurship: A challenge to social work

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Praveen Varghese Thomas ◽  
Sonny Jose
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Gender Mainstreaming ◽  
Social Challenges ◽  
Healthy Development ◽  
Global Standards ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Performance ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activities ◽  
Political Economic

Development is complete only with genuine acknowledgment of the roles of women as well as their active engagement in all forums – political, economic, and social forums – in life. Providing a conducive environment for women has been a developmental debate in India for many decades now. Yet India’s progress and performance on women’s empowerment and gender mainstreaming leave much to be desired by global standards. Women who venture into business or entrepreneurial activities seek active support – spousal and familial – right from the beginning stage of the venture. However, experience seems to suggest that such perceived support systems turn around and in themselves present social impediments to the healthy development of women-lead enterprises. This article is a case study that attempts to portray the travails of a group of young women who attempted to launch an enterprise in a rurban setting. This article describes the social challenges posed to the Unarvu Self-Help Group, in the Trivandrum district of Kerala, and their resilience in overcoming these impediments. This article is a reflection of the experience undergone by many women, and also showcases the resilience generated by self-motivated women venturing as entrepreneurs in the wake of resistance and impediments. The article is a qualitative portrayal of experiences of a social worker trainee in dealing with the issues hindering women entrepreneurship. This also opens up new avenues for professional social work engagement.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Gadget Terhadap Perilaku Sosial Anak Usia 4 Tahun di Dusun Cempaka Putih

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-238
Author(s):  
Prista Sari ◽  
Serli Marlina
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Case Study Approach ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
The Social ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Do So

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan pengaruh gadget terhadap perilaku sosial anak usia 4 tahun di Dusun Cempaka Putih. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Peneliti mengumpulkan data dengan cara observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan teknik triangulasi data. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh gadget terhadap perilaku sosial memberikan pengaruh positif dan juga negatif, baik perilaku yang sosial maupun tidak sosial. Perilaku yang muncul pada diri anak tanpa adanya dorongan dan paksaan untuk melakukannya. Bentuk perilaku sosial anak usia 4 tahun seperti perilaku meniru, persaingan, kerjasama, bersimpati, dukungan sosial serta perilaku akrab ketika bermain, bercanda bersama teman dan juga dengan lingkungan sekitar anak. Kemudian peneliti juga menemukan perilaku tidak sosial anak yang muncul ketika menginginkan gadget dengan membentak karena sudah terlalu lama menggunakan gadget. Kata kunci: anak usia dini, perilaku sosial, gadget Abstract: This study aims to describe the effect of gadgets on the social behavior of 4 year olds in Dusun Cempaka Putih. This type of research uses descriptive qualitative research with a case study approach. Researchers collected data by means of observation, interviews and documentation. The data analysis technique was done by using data triangulation technique. The results of this study indicate that the effect of gadgets on social behavior has positive and negative effects, both social and non-social behavior. Behavior that appears in children without encouragement and coercion to do so. Forms of social behavior of 4 year olds such as imitation behavior, competition, cooperation, sympathy, social support and familiar behavior when playing, joking with friends and also with the environment around the child. Then the researchers also found children's unsocial behavior that appeared when they wanted gadgets by yelling at them because they had been using gadgets for too long. Keywords: early childhood, social behavior, gadgets

scholarly journals Referral Hire Presence Implications for Referrer Turnover and Job Performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 1858-1888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenna R. Pieper ◽  
Charlie O. Trevor ◽  
Ingo Weller ◽  
Dennis Duchon
Keyword(s):  
Job Performance ◽  
Call Center ◽  
Behavioral Outcomes ◽  
Voluntary Turnover ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact

A great deal of research has been devoted to understanding the organizational returns of employee referral programs, particularly with respect to outcomes involving those hired through the referral process. Yet, no work has addressed whether the presence of a referral hire (i.e., the referred candidate who is hired and working in the firm) is related to behavioral outcomes for the referrer. Drawing on the social enrichment perspective, we theorize how referral hire presence (RHP), which is the time during which the referrer’s and the referral hire’s employment spells overlap, impacts referrer behavior. Using data from 265 referrers in a U.S. call center, we found that RHP was negatively related to referrer voluntary turnover and positively related to referrer job performance. Further, results from a supplemental experimental study supported our social enrichment rationale for the field study relationships, as the construct was associated with both RHP and additional attitudes known to be proximal predictors of turnover and performance. We also explore boundary conditions for the RHP effect in the call center data, revealing a nuanced mix of moderators of RHP effects. Overall, our findings provide the first evidence for the role of social enrichment, possible modifications to the well-established social enrichment perspective in the workplace, and evidence that understanding the impact of referral hiring necessitates careful consideration of the behavioral consequences for the referrer.

Undesirable Effects of Goal Setting on Perceived Fairness, Commitment, and Unethical Behavior

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Keith
Keyword(s):  
Goal Setting ◽  
Unethical Behavior ◽  
The United States ◽  
Goal Commitment ◽  
Management Technique ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Perceived Fairness ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
And Performance

Abstract. The positive effects of goal setting on motivation and performance are among the most established findings of industrial–organizational psychology. Accordingly, goal setting is a common management technique. Lately, however, potential negative effects of goal-setting, for example, on unethical behavior, are increasingly being discussed. This research replicates and extends a laboratory experiment conducted in the United States. In one of three goal conditions (do-your-best goals, consistently high goals, increasingly high goals), 101 participants worked on a search task in five rounds. Half of them (transparency yes/no) were informed at the outset about goal development. We did not find the expected effects on unethical behavior but medium-to-large effects on subjective variables: Perceived fairness of goals and goal commitment were least favorable in the increasing-goal condition, particularly in later goal rounds. Results indicate that when designing goal-setting interventions, organizations may consider potential undesirable long-term effects.

Policy Design for Non-anthropocentric Pathways to Protect Biodiversity and Re-generate the Land

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janet Judy McIntyre-Mills
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Ways Of Knowing ◽  
Vocational Education And Training ◽  
African Renaissance ◽  
The Social ◽  
Policy Suggestions ◽  
Sentient Beings ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
And Training

This article is a thinking exercise to re-imagine some of the principles of a transformational vocational education and training (VET) approach underpinned by participatory democracy and governance, and is drawn from a longer work on an ABC of the principles that could be considered when discussing ways to transform VET for South African learners and teachers. The purpose of this article is to scope out the social, cultural, political, economic and environmental context of VET and to suggest some of the possible ingredients to inspire co-created design. Thus the article is just a set of ideas for possible consideration and as such it makes policy suggestions based on many ways of knowing rooted in a respect for self, others (including sentient beings) and the environment on which we depend. The notion of African Renaissance characterises the mission of a VET approach in South Africa that is accountable to this generation of living systems and the next.

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