Inter-generational differences in partner selection criteria among women in Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-148
Author(s):  
Ayesha Khalid ◽  
Syeda Salma Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Generational Differences ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Partner Selection ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
General Internal ◽  
The Social ◽  
Technological Transition ◽  
The Difference

Partner selection and marriage choices have become interesting research topics in societies experiencing transition due to technological advancements and modernisation. This qualitative study was envisaged to identify the differences in partner selection criteria among three generations of Pakistani women. Three independent age groups were selected to analyse the difference among them due to social and technological transition. The participants were recruited purposefully for semi-structured interviews from six different families, three women of subsequent age groups (grandmothers, mothers, and their marriageable grand/daughters) were chosen (N=18). The interview transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis. Line-by-line coding was done to extract the relevant and repetitive codes that comprised sub and main themes. Findings show that the social background and compatibility between potential families remained the most important aspects in general. Internal attributes such as religiousness and morality, and external attributes, specifically good financial status, decent occupation and job, were considered significant partner selection criteria as well. The factors that affect the partner selection choices directly included collectivist beliefs and disempowerment of women. Inter-generational differences and transitions in the desirability of partner selection criteria were evident as an expected outcome of the questions posed by the current study. The implications include extending knowledge for marriage and relationship counsellors.

scholarly journals Costs of social mobility in the context of intimate partner relationships. “It is really easy to be angry at someone who is in front of me and not at the system, which produces the inequalities between us”

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 51-73
Author(s):  
Fanni Dés
Keyword(s):  
Partner Selection ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Intimate Relationship ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Ethnic Inequality ◽  
Internal Conflicts ◽  
The Social ◽  
Intimate Partner Relationships ◽  
Gender Education ◽  
Personal Accounts

Power inequalities originating from capitalist patriarchy are having an impact on and even determining our personal relationships: gender, class and ethnic inequality are consistently present in our intimate ties as well (Ridgeway 2009). For socially mobile individuals from lower classes, one of the main costs of moving between social classes is to exist in the complex conflict that arises from distancing from the social class of origin in order to integrate into new social spaces (Bourdieu 2005, Friedman 2016). These internal conflicts that are caused by broadened social structures are also present not just in the difficulty of finding a desired romantic partner (Durst at al. 2014) but in the process of sustaining an intimate relationship with someone from a particular social background as well. Structural inequalities are also determinative factors in partner selection, education homogamy and ethnic homogamy are highly present in society (Kamijn 1993, 1998, 2010, Kang Fu 2001). In this paper, through analysing narratives of educationally upwardly mobile women in Hungary, regarding intimate partner selection and looking at intimate relationships themselves, I aim to discover how their narratives reflect upon the hidden costs of mobility. I show how gender, education and ethnic inequalities emerge through the personal accounts of their mobility experiences and to what extent these inequalities determine the process of finding a desired partner or sustaining an existing intimate relationship.

scholarly journals Consumers in New Millennium: Attitudes towards Adoption of New Technologies in Purchasing Process

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (33) ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janka Kopaničová ◽  
Dagmar Klepochová
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Of Innovation ◽  
Generation X ◽  
Generational Differences ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Online Purchase ◽  
S Curve ◽  
Purchasing Process

Abstract The use of new technologies has brought many changes into consumer behaviour, especially into purchasing process. The aim of the article is to uncover the attitudes of different generations towards usage of new technologies in purchasing process and determine if the diffusion of innovative purchasing process is significantly different among different generations. The article presents the results of authors´ research of usage of new technologies in purchasing process, as well as attitudes towards it, among different age groups - Generation X, Y, Z and seniors. Results of hybrid research carried out by semi-structured interviews with 551 respondents show, that there are significant generational differences in all three components of attitude towards online purchase, which can be - due to its characteristics- considered the most complex use of new technologies in purchasing process. Results prove that the diffusion of innovation in the purchasing process is significantly influenced by the age group. With age the number of Innovators significantly drops and the percentage of Laggards rises. The ratio of those adopting “early” and “late” significantly changes according to age group as well. Majority of younger respondents are accepting the new technologies into purchasing process early (Innovators, Early Adopters, Early Majority). Middle-aged consumers accept the innovations proportionally - copying the Roger´s curve. Among seniors, the majority is “late” (Late Majority and Laggards).

scholarly journals Managing the Past in Urban Portraitures in fin-de-siècle Saxon Transylvania

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 651-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Borbála Zsuzsanna Török
Keyword(s):  
Social Background ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Cultural Appropriation ◽  
Academic Institutions ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Voluntary Basis

The article addresses the cultural appropriation of multiethnic provincial urban spaces in Dualist Hungary. Scholarly topographies of towns experienced a boom at the turn of the century and were produced and marketed in the framework of collaborative enterprises, whether in the shape of state-sponsored committees or societies organized on voluntary basis. In Transylvania, the oldest academic institutions dedicated to such work were primarily the so-called Landeskunde (in Hungarian: honismeret) societies. The article explores the ways in which the social background, the target audience, and the material resources of the societies determined the outcome of the urban mapping by focusing on the multiethnic Transylvanian city Hermannstadt (in Romanian: Sibiu, in Hungarian: Nagyszeben). Here ethno-linguistic affiliations created the most fundamental dividing line that cut across the intellectual milieus during the time under scrutiny. The resulting urban mono-cultural topographies were part of shaping national historiographies, which in the Saxon case emphasized the cultural distinctness of the Transylvanian Lutheran Germans, and played down the difference between the towns and countryside.

scholarly journals Filipino Teachers of English and Native English Teachers: Learners’ Perceptions

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
Shigeru Ozaki
Keyword(s):  
English Learners ◽  
English Language ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
English Teachers ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Language Schools ◽  
Teaching Pronunciation ◽  
Filipino Teachers

Since learning English from Filipino Teachers of English (FTEs) has gained popularity, this research investigated learners’ perceptions of the difference between FTEs and native English teachers (NETs) by conducting semi-structured interviews at two English language schools that have both FTEs and NETs. Many learners felt that FTEs were better at explaining grammar explicitly and comprehensibly, while others said that they could better improve their listening and pronunciation skills with NETs since they spoke faster and with more phonological changes and colloquial expressions. However, some felt more comfortable talking to FTEs, since their English was easier to understand. Additionally, some believed that the pronunciation of NETs was better simply because they were native speakers. One of the schools had an NET who was trained in teaching how to articulate English phonemes. His students noted that NETs were better at teaching pronunciation. However, this view was not shared by learners from other schools. Some reported that FTEs were easier to befriend, though this was because the learners and their teachers belonged to similar age groups. Some mentioned that FTEs, who are also English learners, were more passionate about teaching, understanding, and helping learners, while only one student claimed that NTEs were more serious teachers. A few were more motivated by NETs solely because they admired native speakers. In summary, the participants of this study generally considered FTEs to be better, although some individual differences were observed. The results suggest the importance of teacher training and teachers’ experience in learning a second/foreign language.

The Morphometric Characteristic of the Acetabulum and Some Structures of the Hip Joint in 18–22 Weeks of Fetus Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 40-44
Author(s):  
Yu. V. Gulina ◽  
D. N. Lyashchenko
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Head ◽  
Hip Joint ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Human Fetuses ◽  
Morphometric Data ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Individual Features ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Artificial Abortion

The purposeof the study is to obtain new quantitative morphometric data on the anatomy of the acetabulum, femoral head and femoral head ligament in 18–22 weeks of fetus development.Materials and methods.The object of the research were 30 human fetuses 20–22 weeks of development, obtained in artificial abortion according to the social reasons. We used a set of morphological techniques: macromicroscopic preparation, a method of cuts according to N. I. Pirogov, preparing of serial histotopograms, morphometry and a method of statistical analysis. All samples were divided into three age groups: 18–19 weeks, 20–21 weeks and 22 week.Results. New quantitative morphometric data of the main parameters of the acetabulum, femoral head and its ligament in human fetuses with the age interval of 2 weeks were obtained. Based on the analysis of the data, it was found that at the period from 18 to 22 weeks of development, the vertical diameter of the acetabulum is larger than the horizontal one; the depth of the acetabulum changes with less intensity than the diameters. A wide range of absolute values of the parameters studied, as well as the difference in the degree of ossification of the acetabulum, suggest the presence of individual features of development. Changes in the diameters of the femoral head correlate with changes in the acetabulum itself. Significant asymmetry and sexual dimorphism of these structures have not been identified.Conclusion. It was revealed that in the period of 18–22 weeks of development, the formation of the anatomy of the acetabulum is actively underway. The dynamics of change of quantitative parameters of the hip joint structures has the character of a uniform increase over the period studied. In addition, the results of the work suggest the presence of individual features of the anatomy of the acetabulum of the fetus.

scholarly journals Alcohol-related violence as an explanation for the difference between homicide rates in Finland and the other Nordic countries

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 7-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martti Lehti ◽  
Janne Kivivuor
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Substance Abusers ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Nordic Countries ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Homicide Rates ◽  
Drinking Habits ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Difference

■ Aims The article examines the links between alcohol consumption, drinking habits and the high homicide rates in Finland today from the point of view of the structure of homicides and the social status of the people involved in them. The Finnish situation is compared with that in the other Nordic countries, especially in Sweden. ■ Methods The links between alcohol and homicidal crime are examined from the point of view of three main factors: the relative and absolute numbers of intoxicated offenders and victims, and regular substance abusers among offenders, and the patterns of victim-offender relationships. By combining the information, a general picture is formed of the significance and absolute levels of alcohol-connected homicides and what kinds of population groups are responsible for these crimes in each of the Nordic countries. ■ Results Although the Finnish annual homicide rate is triple that of other Nordic countries, the social background and structure of homicidal crime are very similar in Finland, Sweden and Norway. In all the three Nordic countries the crimes are committed mainly by alcoholic, unemployed men living on the fringe of society. It also seems that the difference in the crime level between Finland and its Scandinavian neighbours is mainly caused by the alcohol-related violence of this group; the volume of other types of homicide is more or less the same. ■ Conclusion Alcohol may explain, at least to some extent, the higher Finnish homicide rates compared to other Nordic countries, however, the linkage between alcohol consumption and violent crime is in today's Finland very similar to that in Sweden and Norway. Consequently, it is unlikely that the differences in the homicide rates would be caused directly by the differences in the general drinking cultures. Instead of looking for general cultural behaviour models to explain the higher rate of homicide, one should ask why middle-aged alcoholics appear in larger numbers in Finland than in other Nordic countries, and why they behave more violently.

Empathy and Birth Order

1984 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirja Kalliopuska
Keyword(s):  
Birth Order ◽  
Social Background ◽  
School Students ◽  
Emotional Empathy ◽  
The Social ◽  
Background Data ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mean Differences

Previous conflicting results have been found in studying the relation between empathy and birth order. 194 school students aged 9 to 12 yr. completed an adapted version of the Mehrabian and Epstein scale of emotional empathy. The social background data including birth order were gathered during home interviews. The mean differences in empathy for ordinal positions were not statistically significant, although the difference between third- and fourth-borns approached significance. It appears that middle-born children seem more prone to empathize than firstborns.

scholarly journals The systems and signs of political militants in/of Brazilian nursing

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deybson Borba de Almeida ◽  
Gilberto Tadeu Reis da Silva ◽  
Genival Fernandes de Freitas ◽  
Nívia Vanessa Carneiro dos Santos ◽  
Igor Ferreira Borba de Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Oral History ◽  
International Literature ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
The Social ◽  
Professional Field ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the systems and signs in the constitution of militant nurses. Methods: a historical and qualitative research based on oral history carried out with 11 nurses who had been working in the professional field since 1980. Data collected from semi-structured interviews were organized into NVivo software 10, being analyzed through dialectical hermeneutics. Results: systems and signs are systems that allow us to use senses, symbols or meaning to objectify and subjectivate the subject. The revealed senses were categorized and divided into improper, religious, heroic, communist, and socially involved. Conclusions: militancy signs are convergent with what is put in national and international literature. The difference found was in the heroic sense and implicated with the social. Militant is almost never associated with positive aspects. An individual who builds himself as a political being empowers himself as a social being, making knowledge of power, generating a break in traditional models.

Chinese Youth’s Reported Social and Moral Transgressions and Strategies for Self-Correction

2020 ◽  
pp. 074355842097912
Author(s):  
Jianjin Liu ◽  
Allegra J. Midgette
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Chinese Adolescents ◽  
Institutional Review Board ◽  
Social Expectations ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Chinese Youth ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
The Social ◽  
Moral Transgressions

The aim of this study was to explore Chinese adolescent’s social and moral transgressions and strategies for self-correction. For this study, following protocols that have been approved by an Institutional Review Board, 61 Chinese adolescents living in Guangzhou—distributed across three age groups: 10- to 11-year-olds ( N = 21, Mage = 11.03 years, SD = 0.43 years), 12- to 13-year-olds ( N = 20, Mage = 12.92 years, SD = 0.35 years), and 15- to 16-year-olds ( N = 20, Mage = 16.15 years, SD = 0.30 years)—participated in one-on-one semi-structured interviews. The study employed a deductive analytical approach based on prior social domain research on children’s and adolescents’ transgressions and strategies for self-correction. This study found that Chinese youth reported conventional transgression events more frequently than any other domain. Moreover, many of adolescents’ transgressions involved academic considerations, suggesting that how adolescents’ time is organized and the social expectations for adolescent behavior influence the types of transgressions and justifications adolescents will make. Furthermore, participants reported developing self-correcting strategies following 73.6% of events, while 74.5% of strategies were reported to be developed by the adolescents themselves. Therefore, the findings suggest that there is room for adults to collaborate with adolescents in developing strategies to prevent future misbehavior and to encourage youth to not only be “good” or “moral” but also to be and do better.

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