Chinese Youth’s Reported Social and Moral Transgressions and Strategies for Self-Correction

2020 ◽  
pp. 074355842097912
Author(s):  
Jianjin Liu ◽  
Allegra J. Midgette
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Approach ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Chinese Adolescents ◽  
Institutional Review Board ◽  
Social Expectations ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Chinese Youth ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
The Social ◽  
Moral Transgressions

The aim of this study was to explore Chinese adolescent’s social and moral transgressions and strategies for self-correction. For this study, following protocols that have been approved by an Institutional Review Board, 61 Chinese adolescents living in Guangzhou—distributed across three age groups: 10- to 11-year-olds ( N = 21, Mage = 11.03 years, SD = 0.43 years), 12- to 13-year-olds ( N = 20, Mage = 12.92 years, SD = 0.35 years), and 15- to 16-year-olds ( N = 20, Mage = 16.15 years, SD = 0.30 years)—participated in one-on-one semi-structured interviews. The study employed a deductive analytical approach based on prior social domain research on children’s and adolescents’ transgressions and strategies for self-correction. This study found that Chinese youth reported conventional transgression events more frequently than any other domain. Moreover, many of adolescents’ transgressions involved academic considerations, suggesting that how adolescents’ time is organized and the social expectations for adolescent behavior influence the types of transgressions and justifications adolescents will make. Furthermore, participants reported developing self-correcting strategies following 73.6% of events, while 74.5% of strategies were reported to be developed by the adolescents themselves. Therefore, the findings suggest that there is room for adults to collaborate with adolescents in developing strategies to prevent future misbehavior and to encourage youth to not only be “good” or “moral” but also to be and do better.

When patients decide to stop chemotherapy and choose symptom-focused care: Patients’ perspective and concerns.

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (29_suppl) ◽  
pp. 28-28
Author(s):  
Ilona Fridman ◽  
Tanya Nikolova ◽  
Paul A. Glare ◽  
E. Tory Higgins
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Institutional Review Board ◽  
Cancer Center ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Communication Techniques ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Patients Perspective

28 Background: Patients often continue chemotherapy at the end of life, decreasing their quality of life without prolonging survival. Because humans tend to make emotional choices rather than rational ones when considering unpleasant options, patients are likely to reject hospice and other forms of symptom-focused care (SFC) when it could be beneficial for them. We explored patients’ perspectives on how they choose between continuing cancer treatment and SFC. Methods: Semi-structured interviews with 20 patients recruited from palliative care clinics at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC). Interviews covered patients’ decision-making process regarding further chemotherapy vs. SFC. Interviewees gave verbal consent, the MSKCC Institutional Review Board granting a waiver. Results: Two key conditions were identified as necessary for patients to choose SFC. First, the patient accepts that further chemotherapy is not going to be beneficial to them. Second, the oncologist endorses the transition to SFC. Preliminary analysis of treatment choices at the time of interview (see Table) also found many of those who expected they would benefit from further treatment experienced negative emotions when SFC was recommended. Conclusions: These data confirm the importance of raising prognostic awareness, and endorsing hospice. Further research should focus on developing communication techniques to recommend SFC in a way that helps patients who continue to want more treatment to calmly understand and consider carefully the advice being offered, rather than simply disliking it and quickly rejecting it. [Table: see text]

Inter-generational differences in partner selection criteria among women in Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-148
Author(s):  
Ayesha Khalid ◽  
Syeda Salma Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Generational Differences ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Partner Selection ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
General Internal ◽  
The Social ◽  
Technological Transition ◽  
The Difference

Partner selection and marriage choices have become interesting research topics in societies experiencing transition due to technological advancements and modernisation. This qualitative study was envisaged to identify the differences in partner selection criteria among three generations of Pakistani women. Three independent age groups were selected to analyse the difference among them due to social and technological transition. The participants were recruited purposefully for semi-structured interviews from six different families, three women of subsequent age groups (grandmothers, mothers, and their marriageable grand/daughters) were chosen (N=18). The interview transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis. Line-by-line coding was done to extract the relevant and repetitive codes that comprised sub and main themes. Findings show that the social background and compatibility between potential families remained the most important aspects in general. Internal attributes such as religiousness and morality, and external attributes, specifically good financial status, decent occupation and job, were considered significant partner selection criteria as well. The factors that affect the partner selection choices directly included collectivist beliefs and disempowerment of women. Inter-generational differences and transitions in the desirability of partner selection criteria were evident as an expected outcome of the questions posed by the current study. The implications include extending knowledge for marriage and relationship counsellors.

scholarly journals Visualization of pleural fissures in infants on computed tomography

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. e000034
Author(s):  
Andrew Phelps ◽  
Cynthia Tan ◽  
Saveen Ahuja ◽  
Dean Kolnick ◽  
Jesse Courtier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Chest Ct ◽  
Institutional Review Board ◽  
Optimal Timing ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Lung Lesions ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
Preoperative Ct

PurposeFor infants with prenatally detected lung lesions, a chest CT is performed prior to surgery. The chest CT is performed as close to the surgery date as possible, because it is presumed that the visualization of lung fissures would be poor in the immediate neonatal setting. However, this presumption has never been formally studied. The purpose of this study is to assess differences in lung fissure visualization on chest CT in different infant age groups.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of clinically indicated chest CT approved by the institutional review board performed in infants of different ages. The visibility of pleural fissures was subjectively assessed by three pediatric radiologists who were blinded to age group.ResultsIn the 0–2 months age group, 80% of all fissure segments were visible versus 92% in the 5–6 months group (p=0.04) and 95% in the 7–9 months group (p=0.01).ConclusionsThe ability to visualize pleural fissures on CT increases with infant age. This observation should be taken into consideration when choosing the optimal timing of preoperative CT for asymptomatic congenital lung lesions.

scholarly journals Hospital structure elements demarcating (in)visibilities of institutional violence against children

2022 ◽  
Vol 75 (suppl 2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Carla Petersen de Oliveira Santos ◽  
Climene Laura de Camargo ◽  
Mara Ambrosina de Oliveira Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Physical Structure ◽  
Institutional Review Board ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Hospitalized Children ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Institutional Violence ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Institutional Review

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the hospital structure elements that demarcate (in)visibilities of institutional violence in hospitalized children. Methods: this is a descriptive-exploratory qualitative study that used approaches with Foucault’s thinking. Ten companions and 39 healthcare professionals from a university hospital in Salvador, Bahia participated. Data collection took place from November 2018 to June 2019 through semi-structured interviews. The discourse analysis method was used. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board. Results: institutional violence was understood in the violations and invisibilities of the structure of health services through the problems: in infrastructure (physical structure, lack of human and material resources, scrapping of equipment); administrative and management; pilgrimage. Final Considerations: it is necessary to realize the invisibilities of the infrastructure to act in confronting institutional violence to hospitalized children.

“We Speak the Truth!”

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-80
Author(s):  
Sari Hanafi
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Social Science ◽  
The Political ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
The Social ◽  
Academic Qualifications

This study investigates the preachers and their Friday sermons in Lebanon, raising the following questions: What are the profiles of preachers in Lebanon and their academic qualifications? What are the topics evoked in their sermons? In instances where they diagnosis and analyze the political and the social, what kind of arguments are used to persuade their audiences? What kind of contact do they have with the social sciences? It draws on forty-two semi-structured interviews with preachers and content analysis of 210 preachers’ Friday sermons, all conducted between 2012 and 2015 among Sunni and Shia mosques. Drawing from Max Weber’s typology, the analysis of Friday sermons shows that most of the preachers represent both the saint and the traditional, but rarely the scholar. While they are dealing extensively with political and social phenomena, rarely do they have knowledge of social science

WORK-BASED LEARNING IN HIGHER EDUCATION: EXPERIENCE AND CHALLENGES OF LEARNERS, WORKPLACES AND INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Roosipõld ◽  
Krista Loogma ◽  
Mare Kurvits ◽  
Kristina Murtazin
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
University Education ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Constructivist Learning Theory ◽  
Education Experience ◽  
Restaurant Management ◽  
The Social ◽  
The University ◽  
Social Constructivist Learning

In recent years, providing higher education in the form of work-based learning has become more important in the higher education (HE) policy and practice almost in all EU countries. Work-based learning (WBL) in HE should support the development of competences of self-guided learners and adjust the university education better to the needs of the workplace. The study is based on two pilot projects of WBL in HE in Estonia: Tourism and Restaurant Management professional HE programme and the master’s programme in Business Information Technology. The model of integrative pedagogy, based on the social-constructivist learning theory, is taken as a theoretical foundation for the study. A qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews with the target groups. The data analysis used a horizontal analysis to find cross-cutting themes and identify patterns of actions and connections. It appears, that the challenge for HE is to create better cooperation among stakeholders; the challenge for workplaces is connected with better involvement of students; the challenge for students is to take more initiative and responsibility in communication with workplaces.

Resilience and Support Networks for University Students with Disabilities

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
María Leonila García Cedeño ◽  
Anicia Katherine Tarazona Meza ◽  
Robert Gonzalo Cedeño Mejía
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
University Students ◽  
Students With Disabilities ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Support Networks ◽  
Pearson Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Disabled Students ◽  
The Social ◽  
Student Resilience

Resilience is a phenomenon that can be studied in catastrophic situations but also in everyday matters such as disability, this being an alternative way of working in the environment that requires the adaptation of the social networks that contain and support people with this condition. The research was conducted at the Technical University of Manabí applied to the population of students with disabilities. The paper presents an analysis of support networks and their relationship with student resilience. The results related to the application of the Saavedra-Villalta test are shown, which allowed to correlate the level of resilience of the sample studied with the support networks. An analysis linked to the interpretation of the Pearson correlation coefficient is presented. The result obtained is presented by applying semi-structured interviews to a sample of 48 disabled students.

scholarly journals The Impact of NORTH STAR on Suicidality, Substance Problems, Intimate Partner Violence, and Child Abuse

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy M Smith Slep ◽  
Richard E Heyman ◽  
Michael F Lorber ◽  
David J Linkh
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Child Abuse ◽  
Air Force ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Institutional Review Board ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Institutional Review ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction We evaluated the effectiveness of New Orientation for Reducing Threats to Health from Secretive-problems That Affect Readiness (NORTH STAR), a community assessment, planning, and action framework to reduce the prevalence of suicidality, substance problems, intimate partner violence, and child abuse. Materials and Methods One-third of U.S. Air Force bases worldwide were randomly assigned to NORTH STAR (n = 12) or an assessment-and-feedback-only condition (n = 12). Two Air Force-wide, cross-sectional, anonymous, web-based surveys were conducted of randomly selected samples assessing risk/protective factors and outcomes. This study was reviewed and approved by the institutional review board at the investigators’ university and by the institutional review board at Fort Detrick. Results NORTH STAR, relative to control, bases experienced a 33% absolute risk reduction in hazardous drinking rates and cumulative risk, although, given the small number of bases, these effects were not statistically significant. Conclusions Given its relatively low cost, use of empirically supported light-touch interventions, and emphasis on sustainability with existing resources, NORTH STAR may be a useful system for prevention of a range of adult behavioral health problems that are difficult to impact.

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