scholarly journals Managing the Past in Urban Portraitures in fin-de-siècle Saxon Transylvania

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 651-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Borbála Zsuzsanna Török
Keyword(s):  
Social Background ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Cultural Appropriation ◽  
Academic Institutions ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Voluntary Basis

The article addresses the cultural appropriation of multiethnic provincial urban spaces in Dualist Hungary. Scholarly topographies of towns experienced a boom at the turn of the century and were produced and marketed in the framework of collaborative enterprises, whether in the shape of state-sponsored committees or societies organized on voluntary basis. In Transylvania, the oldest academic institutions dedicated to such work were primarily the so-called Landeskunde (in Hungarian: honismeret) societies. The article explores the ways in which the social background, the target audience, and the material resources of the societies determined the outcome of the urban mapping by focusing on the multiethnic Transylvanian city Hermannstadt (in Romanian: Sibiu, in Hungarian: Nagyszeben). Here ethno-linguistic affiliations created the most fundamental dividing line that cut across the intellectual milieus during the time under scrutiny. The resulting urban mono-cultural topographies were part of shaping national historiographies, which in the Saxon case emphasized the cultural distinctness of the Transylvanian Lutheran Germans, and played down the difference between the towns and countryside.

scholarly journals The Social Representation of Feminism within the On-line Movement “Women Against Feminism”

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Oana Crusmac
Keyword(s):  
Social Representations ◽  
Social Representation ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
The Past ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
On Line ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Line Movement

The present paper aims to analyse the social representation of feminism within the “Women Against Feminism” (WAF) on-line movement that is based on a shared blog which gained significant coverage in the U.S. and U.K. media since the summer of 2014. Using the method of quantitative content analysis and the insights provided by social representations theory, the paper will disclose what lies behind the concept of ‘feminism’ for the group embracing the WAF movement and also aims to find whether the members of this on-line community can be described as postfeminists. The article will conclude that the social representation of feminism within the WAF on-line movement is not based on a lack of information, but rather on a stereotypical understanding of the concept and on a non-nuanced perspective upon the history of feminism and its current developments (in particular the difference between post-feminism and third wave feminism). Moreover, similar arguments raised against feminism have been also drawn in the past, WAF sharing similar arguments with the ‘80s media backlash against feminsim.

Inter-generational differences in partner selection criteria among women in Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-148
Author(s):  
Ayesha Khalid ◽  
Syeda Salma Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Generational Differences ◽  
Selection Criteria ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Partner Selection ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
General Internal ◽  
The Social ◽  
Technological Transition ◽  
The Difference

Partner selection and marriage choices have become interesting research topics in societies experiencing transition due to technological advancements and modernisation. This qualitative study was envisaged to identify the differences in partner selection criteria among three generations of Pakistani women. Three independent age groups were selected to analyse the difference among them due to social and technological transition. The participants were recruited purposefully for semi-structured interviews from six different families, three women of subsequent age groups (grandmothers, mothers, and their marriageable grand/daughters) were chosen (N=18). The interview transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis. Line-by-line coding was done to extract the relevant and repetitive codes that comprised sub and main themes. Findings show that the social background and compatibility between potential families remained the most important aspects in general. Internal attributes such as religiousness and morality, and external attributes, specifically good financial status, decent occupation and job, were considered significant partner selection criteria as well. The factors that affect the partner selection choices directly included collectivist beliefs and disempowerment of women. Inter-generational differences and transitions in the desirability of partner selection criteria were evident as an expected outcome of the questions posed by the current study. The implications include extending knowledge for marriage and relationship counsellors.

scholarly journals Alcohol-related violence as an explanation for the difference between homicide rates in Finland and the other Nordic countries

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 7-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martti Lehti ◽  
Janne Kivivuor
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Substance Abusers ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Nordic Countries ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Homicide Rates ◽  
Drinking Habits ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Difference

■ Aims The article examines the links between alcohol consumption, drinking habits and the high homicide rates in Finland today from the point of view of the structure of homicides and the social status of the people involved in them. The Finnish situation is compared with that in the other Nordic countries, especially in Sweden. ■ Methods The links between alcohol and homicidal crime are examined from the point of view of three main factors: the relative and absolute numbers of intoxicated offenders and victims, and regular substance abusers among offenders, and the patterns of victim-offender relationships. By combining the information, a general picture is formed of the significance and absolute levels of alcohol-connected homicides and what kinds of population groups are responsible for these crimes in each of the Nordic countries. ■ Results Although the Finnish annual homicide rate is triple that of other Nordic countries, the social background and structure of homicidal crime are very similar in Finland, Sweden and Norway. In all the three Nordic countries the crimes are committed mainly by alcoholic, unemployed men living on the fringe of society. It also seems that the difference in the crime level between Finland and its Scandinavian neighbours is mainly caused by the alcohol-related violence of this group; the volume of other types of homicide is more or less the same. ■ Conclusion Alcohol may explain, at least to some extent, the higher Finnish homicide rates compared to other Nordic countries, however, the linkage between alcohol consumption and violent crime is in today's Finland very similar to that in Sweden and Norway. Consequently, it is unlikely that the differences in the homicide rates would be caused directly by the differences in the general drinking cultures. Instead of looking for general cultural behaviour models to explain the higher rate of homicide, one should ask why middle-aged alcoholics appear in larger numbers in Finland than in other Nordic countries, and why they behave more violently.

Empathy and Birth Order

1984 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirja Kalliopuska
Keyword(s):  
Birth Order ◽  
Social Background ◽  
School Students ◽  
Emotional Empathy ◽  
The Social ◽  
Background Data ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Mean Differences

Previous conflicting results have been found in studying the relation between empathy and birth order. 194 school students aged 9 to 12 yr. completed an adapted version of the Mehrabian and Epstein scale of emotional empathy. The social background data including birth order were gathered during home interviews. The mean differences in empathy for ordinal positions were not statistically significant, although the difference between third- and fourth-borns approached significance. It appears that middle-born children seem more prone to empathize than firstborns.

scholarly journals Features of the Implementation of Decommunization Policy of the Symbolic Space in Local Macrocommunities of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 207-232
Author(s):  
Nataliya Rotar
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Political Competition ◽  
Local History ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Symbolic Space ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Symbolic Structure ◽  
The Right

The article analyzes the practices of local self-government in Ukraine in the field of decommunization of urban spaces in Kiev, Kharkov, Odessa, Dnieper. The peculiarities of the implementation of the policy of de-communization of the symbolic space indicate that since 2015, at the level of local macrocommunities, they have become public arenas of interpretations of the past. Their memorial symbolic structure reflects the competition between political actors representing competing commemorative orders. Local self-government practices have acquired their expressive specificity in each of the local macrocommunities. In particular, in Kiev, the policy of local self-government bodies is designated by us as “political”, which is associated with its status as the capital of Ukraine. It was this status that subordinated the symbolic space of local history and the retrospective reverse to historical names. Local authorities in Odessa and Kharkov carried out decommunization with the involvement, in addition to the political, pragmatic (Kharkov) and historical (Odessa) practices of renaming toponyms. Historical practice has become the core of the practice of decommunization of the symbolic space of the Dnieper. At the same time, local governments in all four cities of Ukraine were subjects of political competition (“symbolic struggle”) for the right to form and approve the idea of the legitimate order of the city's symbolic space. By referring to Ukraine's policy in the field of decommunization as one that has elements of symbolic violence, local governments fueled the social tension that accompanied the implementation of this policy.

scholarly journals Kajian Struktur dan Nilai Budaya Cerita Rakyat Palabuhanratu

LOKABASA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Sopudin Sopudin
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Fairy Tales ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Human Relations ◽  
Literature Teaching ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
Large Trees ◽  
Past Life

The purpose of this study is to describe Palabuhanratu folklore, intellectual property of the Sundanese people, whose existence is increasingly eroded by foreign cultures. This research employed the descriptive-analytical method. It was employed to obtain an overview of Pelabuhanratu folklore. The results of the study revealed that: (1) Palabuhanratu folklore consists of eight pieces i.e. three legends and five fairy tales. (2) The structure of the story includes the character and characterization, plot, and setting. The story figures amounted from one to seven persons, dynamic and static classification. The story plots are all progressive and simple so that it is easy to understand. The location scene depicts past life, the area is still heavily forested, many large trees, rivers, and mountains that are still untouched by humans. Story events happened in the past, but there are no definite dates, months and years. Generally, the social background of the figures comes from royal or noble family circles. (3) The research found 25 cultural values. The twenty-five cultural values are classified into 5 categories i.e. cultural values of human relations with God, cultural values of human relations with their works, cultural values of human relations with other humans, cultural values of human relations with space and time, and cultural values of human relations with nature. Some of the above cultural values are still inherent in people's lives at the present, some have shifted, and some have undergone changes. (4) Palabuhanratu folklore can be used as a material for literature teaching and learning in schools, especially for enrichment material.AbstrakTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan cerita rakyat Palabuhanratu yang merupakan kekayaan intelektual masyarakat Sunda yang keberadaannya semakin tergerus oleh budaya asing. Dengan demikian, perlu upaya nyata untuk menelusuri, mengkaji, dan memperkenalkannya kepada generasi muda, termasuk siswa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif-analitis, metode ini digunakan dengan maksud untuk memperoleh gambaran mengenai cerita rakyat Palabuhanratu. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat digambarkan sebagai berikut. (1) cerita rakyat Palabuhanratu terdiri atas delapan buah; tiga termasuk legenda dan lima termasuk dongeng. (2) Struktur cerita meliputi tokoh dan penokohan, alur, dan latar. Tokoh cerita mulai dari satu orang sampai tujuh orang, bertifikal dinamis dan statis. Cerita semuanya beralur maju dan sederhana, sehingga mudah dipahami. Latar tempat menggambarkan kehidupan tempo dulu, daerah masih berhutan lebat, banyak pohon besar, sungai, dan gunung yang masih belum terjamah oleh manusia. Peristiwa  cerita terjadi pada masa lampau, namun tidak disebutkan tanggal, bulan, dan tahun yang pasti. Latar sosial, umumnya tokoh berasal dari lingkungan kerajaan atau bangsawan. (3) Nilai budaya yang ditemukan sebanyak dua puluh lima. Kedua puluh lima nilai budaya tersebut dikelompokkan ke dalam lima bagian, yaitu nilai budaya dalam hubungan manusia dengan Tuhan, nilai budaya dalam hubungan manusia dengan karyanya, nilai budaya dalam hubungan manusia dengan sesamanya, nilai budaya dalam hubungan manusia dengan ruang dan waktu, serta nilai budaya dalam hubungan manusia dengan alam. Nilai-nilai budaya tersebut ada yang masih melekat dalam kehidupan masyarakat sekarang, ada yang telah mengalami pergeseran, dan ada pula yang sudah mengalami perubahan. (4) Cerita rakyat Palabuhanratu dapat dijadikan bahan pembelajaran sastra di sekolah, terutama untuk materi pengayaan.

scholarly journals Dear Professor, Be Careful with Those Tweets, OK? Academic Freedom and Social Media

2020 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-526
Author(s):  
Gloria C. Cox
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Academic Freedom ◽  
American Association ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Academic Institutions ◽  
Scholarly Research ◽  
University Professors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Modest Proposal ◽  
The Social

ABSTRACTAs faculty members, we rely on academic freedom to protect us as we teach, engage in scholarly research, and live as citizens of a community. The American Association of University Professors is the accepted authority in matters of academic freedom, and its guidelines explain protections in teaching, research, and extramural utterances. This article argues that the characteristics of social media and the concerns of academic institutions about their reputation have created an atmosphere that make extramural utterances more vulnerable and riskier than in the past. Some institutions even monitor the social media postings of faculty members and act on such postings, openly criticizing and even disavowing or punishing them for their utterances. I consider these issues and make a modest proposal that may improve the environment for extramural utterances by faculty members.

Artikel

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-23
Author(s):  
Martti Lehti ◽  
Janne Kivivuori
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Substance Abusers ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Nordic Countries ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Homicide Rates ◽  
Drinking Habits ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Behaviour Models

■ Aims The article examines the links between alcohol consumption, drinking habits and the high homicide rates in Finland today from the point of view of the structure of homicides and the social status of the people involved in them. The Finnish situation is compared with that in the other Nordic Countries, especially with Sweden. ■ Methods The links between alcohol and homicidal crime are examined from the point of view of three main factors: the relative and absolute numbers of intoxicated offenders and victims, and regular substance abusers among offenders, and the patterns of victim-offender relationships. By combining the information, a general picture is formed of the significance and absolute levels of alcohol-connected homicides and what kinds of population groups are responsible for these crimes in each of the Nordic Countries. ■ Results Although the Finnish annual homicide rate is triple that of other Nordic Countries, the social background and structure of homicidal crime are very similar in Finland, Sweden and Norway. In all the three Nordic Countries the crimes are committed mainly by alcoholic, unemployed men living on the fringe of society. It also seems that the difference in the crime level between Finland and its Scandinavian neighbours is mainly caused by the alcohol-related violence of this group; the volume of other types of homicide is more or less the same. ■ Conclusion Alcohol may seem to explain the higher Finnish homicide rates compared to other Nordic Countries, however, the comparative levels of alcohol consumption and violent crime are very similar in Finland, Sweden and Norway. Consequently, it is unlikely that the differences in the homicide rates would be caused directly by the differences in the general drinking cultures. Instead of looking for general cultural behaviour models to explain the higher rate of homicide, one should ask why middle-aged alcoholics appear in larger numbers in Finland than in other Nordic countries, and why they behave more violently.

scholarly journals Kontinuitas dan Transformasi Penistaan Agama: Gerakan Sosial Islam Pra-Kemerdekaan

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 372-394
Author(s):  
Juma Juma
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Social History ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference

This research analyses the blasphemy the authors of Djawi Hisworo, Swara Oemoem and Madjalah Bangoen have done by observing the social history of Islam. Emile Durkheim's concept of mechanic solidarity is used to describe the blasphemy based on the spirit of religion. Where, the reli­gion (Islam) has become a bond between followers, even though it has different traditions and habits. The social psychology approach to des­cribes organizations or elites advises on have succeeded in mobilizing people to protest against religious politicians. Blasphemy, both past and today, makes people united under the issues of religion. The difference is that in the past, the “blasphemy voice” is more congregation, while today, blasphemy is more politically-pragmatic in the interests of electoral poli­tics. The solidarity which was formed from blasphemy of religion later be­comes the congregation (Islam), whereas today, it forms solidarity based on political sectarian.Keyword: Newspapers, Blasphemy, Solidarity, Religion-Political Rela­tionsPenelitian ini mengkaji penistaan agama yang dilakukan oleh penulis Djawi Hisworo, Swara Oemoem dan Madjalah Bangoen dengan pen­dekatan sejarah sosial umat Islam. Teori solidaritas mekanik Emile Dur­khe­im digunakan untuk menganalisis protes atas penistaan berbasis se­mangat agama. Di mana, agama (Islam) telah menjadi unsur pengikat antara pengikutnya, walau pun memiliki tradisi dan kebiasaan yang ber­beda-beda. Pendekatan psikologi sosial untuk melihat organisasi atau elit yang menggerakkan umat menyuarakan protes terhadap penista agama. Penistaan agama, baik masa lalu atau masa kini sama-sama membuat umat bersatu di bawah isu agama. Perbedaannya, di masa lalu, “suara penistaan agama” lebih bersifat keummatan, sementara hari ini, penistaan agama lebih bernuansa politis-pragmatis demi kepentingan politik elektoral. Soli­daritas yang terbentuk dari penistaan agama di masa lalu bersifat keum­matan (Islam), sedangkan hari ini, berupa solidaritas berbasis politik sek­tarian. Kata Kunci: Surat Kabar, Penistaan Agama, Solidaritas, Relasi Agama-Politik

The Social Origins and Provenance of the English Bishops during the Reign of Edward II

1959 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 51-79
Author(s):  
K. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Early Career ◽  
The Political ◽  
Social Origins ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
Edward Ii ◽  
The Social ◽  
Complete Study ◽  
History Of

During the last twenty or twenty-five years medieval historians have been much interested in the composition of the English episcopate. A number of studies of it have been published on periods ranging from the eleventh to the fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries. A further paper might well seem superfluous. My reason for offering one is that most previous writers have concentrated on analysing the professional circles from which the bishops were drawn, and suggesting the influences which their early careers as royal clerks, university masters and students, secular or regular clergy, may have had on their later work as bishops. They have shown comparatively little interest in their social background and provenance, except for those bishops who belonged to magnate families. Some years ago, when working on the political activities of Edward II's bishops, it seemed to me that social origins, family connexions and provenance might in a number of cases have had at least as much influence on a bishop's attitude to politics as his early career. I there fore collected information about the origins and provenance of these bishops. I now think that a rather more careful and complete study of this subject might throw further light not only on the political history of the reign, but on other problems connected with the character and work of the English episcopate. There is a general impression that in England in the later middle ages the bishops' ties with their dioceses were becoming less close, and that they were normally spending less time in diocesan work than their predecessors in the thirteenth century.

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