scholarly journals EFFICACY OF YOGAABHYAS IN THE MANGEMENT OF MADHUMEHA W.S.R TO NIDDM (TYPE 2)

2021 ◽  
Vol 09 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-242
Author(s):  
Bansode Sheetal
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
The Body ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Conscious Control

Ayurveda is the science of living being. It begins with right lifestyle including daily and seasonal health regime designed for each individual based upon their nature, constitution, environment and life circumstances. Madhumeha is the subtype of Prameha. Due to resemblance of the feature of Madhumeha with that of DM explained in modern medicine, it is correlated with DM. According to WHO approximately 220 million people worldwide have type 2 diabetes mellitus. It is widely recognized that stress may have negative effects on health and that patients with type 2 diabetes may be at an increased risk. Yoga is an ancient Indian psychological and physical exercise regime and a number of controlled studies exist on the effectiveness of yoga on diabetes mellitus. Yogic practices strengthen and increase the tone of weak muscles and help with conscious control over autonomic function of the body. So, the present study on the role of Yogaabhyas as a lifestyle modification in Madhumeha. Keywords: Madhumeha, type 2 diabetes, asana in diabetes

The GSTM1 and GSTT1 Null Genotypes Increase the Risk for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and the Subsequent Development of Diabetic Complications: A Meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayantan Nath ◽  
Sambuddha Das ◽  
Aditi Bhowmik ◽  
Sankar Kumar Ghosh ◽  
Yashmin Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Asian Population ◽  
Gstm1 Null Genotype ◽  
Increased Risk

Background:Studies pertaining to association of GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes with risk of T2DM and its complications were often inconclusive, thus spurring the present study.Methods:Meta-analysis of 25 studies for evaluating the role of GSTM1/GSTT1 null polymorphisms in determining the risk for T2DM and 17 studies for evaluating the role of GSTM1/GSTT1 null polymorphisms in development of T2DM related complications were conducted.Results:Our study revealed an association between GSTM1 and GSTT1 null polymorphism with T2DM (GSTM1; OR=1.37;95% CI =1.10-1.70 and GSTT1; OR=1.29;95% CI =1.04-1.61) with an amplified risk of 2.02 fold for combined GSTM1-GSTT1 null genotypes. Furthermore, the GSTT1 null (OR=1.56;95%CI=1.38-1.77) and combined GSTM1-GSTT1 null genotypes (OR=1.91;95%CI=1.25- 2.94) increased the risk for development of T2DM related complications, but not the GSTM1 null genotype. Stratified analyses based on ethnicity revealed GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes increase the risk for T2DM in both Caucasians and Asians, with Asians showing much higher risk of T2DM complications than Caucasians for the same. </P><P> Discussion: GSTM1, GSTT1 and combined GSTM1-GSTT1 null polymorphism may be associated with increased risk for T2DM; while GSTT1 and combined GSTM1-GSTT1 null polymorphism may increase the risk of subsequent development of T2DM complications with Asian population carrying an amplified risk for the polymorphism.Conclusion:Thus GSTM1 and GSTT1 null genotypes increases the risk for Type 2 diabetes mellitus alone, in combination or with regards to ethnicity.

Role of Circulating Microparticles in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Implications for Pathological Clotting

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siphosethu Cassandra Maphumulo ◽  
Etheresia Pretorius
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a multifactorial chronic metabolic disease characterized by chronic hyperglycemia due to insulin resistance and a deficiency in insulin secretion. The global diabetes pandemic relates primarily to T2DM, which is the most prevalent form of diabetes, accounting for over 90% of all cases. Chronic low-grade inflammation, triggered by numerous risk factors, and the chronic activation of the immune system are prominent features of T2DM. Here we highlight the role of blood cells (platelets, and red and white blood cells) and vascular endothelial cells as drivers of systemic inflammation in T2DM. In addition, we discuss the role of microparticles (MPs) in systemic inflammation and hypercoagulation. Although once seen as inert by-products of cell activation or destruction, MPs are now considered to be a disseminated storage pool of bioactive effectors of thrombosis, inflammation, and vascular function. They have been identified to circulate at elevated levels in the bloodstream of individuals with increased risk of atherothrombosis or cardiovascular disease, two significant hallmark conditions of T2DM. There is also general evidence that MPs activate blood cells, express proinflammatory and coagulant effects, interact directly with cell receptors, and transfer biological material. MPs are considered major players in the pathogenesis of many systemic inflammatory diseases and may be potentially useful biomarkers of disease activity and may not only be of prognostic value but may act as novel therapeutic targets.

scholarly journals Condition after Thrombosis of the Cavernous Sinus, Complicated by Osteomyelitis of the Upper Jaw after a Coronavirus Infection in a Patient With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
F. A. Khaydarova ◽  
A. V. Alieva ◽  
T. T. Kamalov ◽  
V. A. Talenova
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cavernous Sinus ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
The Body ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Upper Jaw

One of the most global health problems today is the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus pandemic and its numerous complications. COVID-19 was first reported in China in the city of Wuhan in December 2019. It was found that coronavirus infection leads to microvascular and macrovascular complications throughout the body. Recent data indicate a strong link between severe clinical manifestations of COVID-19 and an increased risk of thromboembolism. It is associated with several risk factors such as systemic hyperinflammation caused by coronavirus infection, hypoxia, and comorbidities. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying coagulopathy associated with COVID-19 include diffuse damage to endothelial cells, abnormal blood flow dynamics, and uncontrolled platelet activation. Studying the situation during the COVID-19 pandemic, we can notice that patients develop various complications during or after COVID-19. This article describes a clinical case of a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus who has developed cavernous sinus thrombosis complicated by osteomyelitis of the upper jaw after COVID-19 infection.

scholarly journals The Role of Combined SGLT1/SGLT2 Inhibition in Reducing the Incidence of Stroke and Myocardial Infarction in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bertram Pitt ◽  
Gabriel Steg ◽  
Lawrence A. Leiter ◽  
Deepak L. Bhatt
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Sodium Glucose Cotransporter ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Sglt2 Inhibition

Abstract Purpose In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), both sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) and glucagon-like peptide receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) have demonstrated significant improvements in cardiovascular and kidney outcomes independent of their glycemic benefits. This paper will briefly compare the effect of SGLT2is and GLP-1 RAs to that of the SGLT1/2 inhibitor sotagliflozin on the incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke in patients with T2DM and further postulate mechanisms to account for these findings. Methods and Results Thus far, the results from SCORED and SOLOIST (trials studying the SGLT1/2 inhibitor sotagliflozin) suggest that an increase in SGLT1 inhibition when added to SGLT2 inhibition may contribute to reductions in MI and stroke in patients with T2DM. This benefit is beyond what SGLT2is alone can accomplish and at least similar to GLP-1 RAs but with the added benefit of a reduction in hospitalizations and urgent visits for HF. Larger and longer studies are required to confirm the effectiveness of SGLT1/SGLT2 inhibition in reducing MI and stroke in patients with T2DM and elucidate the mechanisms associated with this finding. Conclusions The role of SGLT1/2 inhibition as an addition to GLP-1 RAs in patients with and without T2DM at increased risk for MI and stroke requires further study. Regardless, the finding that a relative increase in SGLT1/2 inhibition reduces the risk of MI and stroke as well as hospitalizations and urgent visits for heart failure could improve quality of life and reduce the healthcare burden associated with T2DM.

scholarly journals Gestational diabetes mellitus and the role of intercurrent type 2 diabetes on long-term risk of cardiovascular events

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiyu Sun ◽  
Gyu Ri Kim ◽  
Su Jin Lee ◽  
Hyeon Chang Kim
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Incident Cases

AbstractRecent studies have shown that gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. GDM has also been shown to be a risk factor for type 2 diabetes (T2DM) after pregnancy. However, there is limited evidence regarding the role of intercurrent T2DM on the relationship between GDM and future CVD. Thus, we investigated the risks of incident cardiovascular events among women with GDM during pregnancy compared to women without GDM and whether the increased CVD risk is dependent on intercurrent development of T2DM. We conducted a population-based retrospective cohort study using the Korean National Health Insurance Service claims database. Outcomes were the first occurrence of any CVD (myocardial infarction, treatment with coronary revascularization, heart failure, and cerebrovascular disease). Cox proportional hazard models were used to assess the association between GDM and incident CVD events, using landmark analysis at 4 years. A total of 1,500,168 parous women were included in the analysis, of which 159,066 (10.60%) had GDM. At a median follow-up of 12.8 years, 13,222 incident cases of total CVD were observed. Multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio for total CVD among women with prior GDM, compared with those without GDM, was 1.08 (95% CI 1.02–1.14). Further classifying GDM by progression to T2DM in relation to total CVD risk indicated a positive association for GDM with progression to T2DM vs no GDM or T2DM (HR 1.74; 95% CI 1.40–2.15), and no statistically significant association for GDM only (HR 1.06; 95% CI 1.00–1.12). GDM with subsequent progression to T2DM were linked with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. These findings highlight the need for more vigilant postpartum screening for diabetes and the implementation of diabetes interventions in women with a history of GDM to reduce future CVD risk.

6. Appetite, fat, and obesity

2014 ◽  
pp. 74-87
Author(s):  
Martin Luck
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
The Body ◽  
Storage Process ◽  
Lifestyle Disease ◽  
Energy Shortage

‘Appetite, fat, and obesity’ considers the role of insulin in the body’s fat storage process. In the condition diabetes mellitus, the sugar level in the blood rises uncontrollably so the kidneys cannot stop it leaking into the urine. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which a person’s immune system attacks the insulin-secreting β-cells of the pancreas. The only effective treatment is to inject the missing insulin. Type 2 diabetes is considered more of a lifestyle disease. But what exactly is the connection between obesity and poorly regulated blood glucose? The body has more hormones capable of responding to energy shortage than to energy abundance, which may be why keeping control of body weight can be difficult. The hormones affecting appetite are also discussed.

scholarly journals Obesity, Hyperinsulinemia, IGF-1, and Hyperglycemia as Risk Factors for Colorectal Cancer in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes mellitus

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 60-63
Author(s):  
Т. С. Вацеба
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
The Body ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Increased Risk

The latest studies prove an increased risk of colorectal cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The pathogenetic factors of type 2 diabetes have been recognized as mechanisms of association between these diseases. The objective: to investigate the effects of obesity, hyperinsulinemia, IGF-1 and hyperglycemia on the development of colorectal cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes. Materials and methods. 36 patients were divided into groups: I – healthy (control group), II – patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, III – patients with colorectal cancer without diabetes, IV – patients with a combination of two diseases. Using the method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were determined levels of insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). DM compensation was assessed by the level of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) that was determined by immuno-exchange chromatography. The data obtained were analyzed using Statistica 12.0 (StatSoft Inc.,USA). Differences between the values in the control and experimental groups were determined by the Student’s t-test. The differences were considered significant at р<0.05. Results. According to the data obtained, colorectal cancer was diagnosed in patients with the age of over 60 years old with obesity. The body mass index (BMI) in patients of all study groups was higher than 30 kg/m2. Patients of group IV with a combination of type 2 diabetes and a circle of rectal cancer had significantly higher BMI compared to the control group (р<0.05). Significant hyperinsulinemia and increased IGF-1 levels were detected in patients in all study groups (р<0.05). Most patients with diabetes in both groups had HbA1c levels higher than 7.5%. Conclusions. Obesity, hyperinsulinemia, increased bioavailability of IGF-1, and hyperglycemia are pathogenetic factors in the risk of colorectal cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes. Patients over the age of 55 with diabetes, obesity, and hyperinsulinemia are advised to be screened for colorectal cancer.

scholarly journals Peran Leptin Terhadap Tes Toleransi Glukosa Oral pada Penderita DM Tipe 2

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 753-760
Author(s):  
Catur Ambar Wati
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Tingling Sensation

Background: DM is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia that occurs due to abnormal insulin secretion, insulin action, or both. Symptoms that are complained of in diabetes mellitus sufferers are polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia, weight loss, and tingling sensation. The oral glucose tolerance test is a test used to diagnose DM when the blood glucose level is less firm, during pregnancy, or to screen for DM or TGT. Leptin is a hormone produced by fat cells that regulate fat storage in the body and adjusts hunger to energy expenditure. Objective: to find out more about the role of leptin on TTGO in people with Type 2 diabetes. Methods: using literature studies from both national and international journals to increase knowledge and understanding of the topics discussed by summarizing the discussion topics and comparing the results presented in the article. Results: Leptin on TTGO examination in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance had a greater chance of becoming diabetes mellitus if there was no intervention in their lifestyle. Conclusion: Leptin plays a role in checking TTGO in people with Type 2 diabetes

scholarly journals Homozygous combination of calpain 10 gene haplotypes is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus in a Polish population

2002 ◽  
pp. 695-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
MT Malecki ◽  
DK Moczulski ◽  
T Klupa ◽  
K Wanic ◽  
K Cyganek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Polish Population ◽  
Haplotype Combination ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Calpain 10

OBJECTIVE: The polymorphisms of two genes have recently been associated with complex forms of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM): calpain 10 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARgamma). Calpain 10 is a member of a large family of intracellular proteases. It was shown in Mexican-Americans and other populations that variants of three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), -43, -19, and -63, of this ubiquitously expressed protein influence susceptibility to T2DM. However, substantial differences were shown between ethnic groups in at risk alleles and haplotypes as well as in their attributable risk. Thus, it is important to determine the role of calpain 10 in various populations. AIM: To examine the role of calpain 10 SNPs -43, -19, and -63 in genetic susceptibility to T2DM in a Polish population. METHODS: Overall, 377 individuals were examined: 229 T2DM patients and 148 control individuals. The groups were genotyped for calpain 10 SNP-43, SNP-19, and SNP-63. SNP-19 was examined by electrophoresis of the PCR product on agarose gel by size, while the restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method was used for the two other markers. Differences in allele, genotype, haplotype, and haplotype combination distribution between the groups were examined by chi(2) test. RESULTS: Distributions of alleles, genotypes, and haplotypes at three loci defined by examined SNPs were not significantly different between the groups. However, the homozygote combination of 121 haplotype was more prevalent in the T2DM group than in the controls (17.9% vs 10.1%, P=0.039). No difference was observed in the 112/121 haplotype distribution. This heterozygous haplotype combination was associated with increased risk of T2DM in several populations. CONCLUSION: The results of our study suggest the association of calpain 10 121/121 haplotype combination created by SNPs -43, -19, and -63 with T2DM in a Polish population. However, we were not able to confirm the previously described role of the heterozygous 112/121 haplotype combination in susceptibility to T2DM.

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